Unit 6: IoT Cloud & Edge Integration - Practice Quiz

ECE140 — Workshop On Iot For Digital Society 60 Questions
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1 Which layer of a basic IoT architecture contains sensors and actuators?

IoT architecture Easy
A. Business layer
B. Application layer
C. Network layer
D. Perception layer

2 What is the main purpose of the network layer in an IoT architecture?

IoT architecture Easy
A. To display only local animations
B. To manufacture sensor devices
C. To transmit data between components
D. To replace sensors with software-based simulations that never communicate externally

3 Which communication model is used by MQTT?

MQTT protocol Easy
A. Publish-subscribe
B. Circuit-switching
C. Peer-to-peer
D. File-transfer

4 What is the role of an MQTT broker?

MQTT protocol Easy
A. To store every message permanently in a relational database without forwarding it
B. To route messages between clients
C. To provide electrical power
D. To measure temperature directly

5 What does HTTP stand for?

HTTP protocol Easy
A. High-speed Transmission Process
B. Hypertext Transfer Protocol
C. Hyperlink Transport Processing
D. Hosted Terminal Transfer Program

6 Which HTTP method is commonly used to retrieve data from a server?

HTTP protocol Easy
A. GET
B. DELETE
C. PUT
D. POST

7 CoAP is mainly designed for which type of device?

CoAP protocol Easy
A. Desktop publishing systems
B. High-end gaming computers
C. Resource-constrained IoT devices
D. Large servers that process complex graphics and require permanent wired connections

8 Which transport protocol is commonly used by CoAP?

CoAP protocol Easy
A. SMTP
B. FTP
C. TCP
D. UDP

9 What is ThingSpeak commonly used for in IoT projects?

ThingSpeak cloud platform Easy
A. Collecting and visualizing sensor data
B. Replacing all physical sensors with manually entered spreadsheet values
C. Designing mechanical device enclosures
D. Manufacturing semiconductor components

10 Which AWS service connects IoT devices securely to the AWS cloud?

AWS IoT cloud platform Easy
A. Amazon S3
B. AWS IoT Core
C. Amazon Route 53
D. AWS Lambda

11 Which protocol is directly supported by AWS IoT Core for lightweight publish-subscribe messaging?

AWS IoT cloud platform Easy
A. FTP
B. MQTT
C. Telnet
D. POP3

12 What is the primary purpose of Azure IoT Hub?

Azure IoT Hub cloud platform Easy
A. Creating printed circuit boards
B. Connecting and managing IoT devices
C. Editing digital photographs
D. Hosting only static websites without accepting messages from connected devices

13 Which company provides Azure IoT Hub?

Azure IoT Hub cloud platform Easy
A. Microsoft
B. Amazon
C. Google
D. IBM

14 In a REST API, what does an endpoint usually represent?

REST API integration Easy
A. A graphical dashboard that permanently stores every possible type of IoT data
B. A URL for accessing a resource
C. A battery charging terminal
D. A physical sensor connector

15 Which data format is commonly exchanged through REST APIs?

REST API integration Easy
A. JPEG
B. WAV
C. JSON
D. MP3

16 What is the main purpose of a real-time IoT dashboard?

Real-time dashboards and visualization Easy
A. To display current device data
B. To convert all incoming measurements into printed reports before displaying them
C. To increase sensor voltage
D. To assemble hardware components

17 Where does edge computing process IoT data?

Edge computing versus cloud computing Easy
A. Only in a central database
B. Inside an offline archive that receives data several months after it is collected
C. Near the data source
D. Only in a remote cloud

18 What is one common benefit of edge computing compared with cloud-only computing?

Edge computing versus cloud computing Easy
A. Permanent internet access
B. Lower response latency
C. Unlimited device memory
D. Automatic replacement of every damaged sensor without requiring human maintenance

19 What does OTA stand for in IoT firmware updates?

OTA firmware updates Easy
A. Online Transfer Address
B. Operational Technology Adapter
C. Open Terminal Access
D. Over-the-Air

20 What is a key advantage of OTA firmware updates?

OTA firmware updates Easy
A. Sensors gain unlimited storage
B. Devices no longer need firmware
C. Devices can be updated remotely
D. Every hardware component is physically replaced whenever a software issue is discovered

21 A smart irrigation system must continue controlling water valves when its internet connection fails. Which architecture best satisfies this requirement?

IoT architecture Medium
A. Store readings on sensors until a technician retrieves them
B. Send all sensor data directly to a cloud database
C. Use a cloud dashboard to issue every valve command
D. Run control logic on a local gateway and synchronize with the cloud

22 A factory has hundreds of sensors using Zigbee, but its cloud service accepts only IP-based traffic. Which component should translate and forward the sensor data?

IoT architecture Medium
A. A passive Ethernet switch
B. A protocol-aware IoT gateway
C. A sensor calibration service
D. A cloud visualization widget

23 A temperature sensor publishes to building/room1/temperature, and several applications must receive each new reading. Which MQTT feature enables this behavior?

MQTT protocol Medium
A. Request-response routing
B. File-based synchronization
C. Publish-subscribe messaging
D. Peer-to-peer addressing

24 An alarm message must reach the cloud at least once, but occasional duplicate delivery is acceptable. Which MQTT QoS level should be selected?

MQTT protocol Medium
A. QoS 3
B. QoS 2
C. QoS 0
D. QoS 1

25 A dashboard should immediately show the most recently published device status when it subscribes, even if the device has not sent a new message. What should the publisher use?

MQTT protocol Medium
A. A clean session
B. A QoS 0 message
C. A wildcard topic
D. A retained message

26 A battery-powered sensor wakes every minute, sends one reading using HTTP, and disconnects. What is the main disadvantage compared with MQTT?

HTTP protocol Medium
A. HTTP cannot use encrypted connections
B. HTTP requires a permanent IP address
C. HTTP cannot carry JSON data
D. HTTP has greater per-message overhead

27 A device submits a new telemetry record to /api/readings. Which HTTP method is most appropriate when the server assigns the record identifier?

HTTP protocol Medium
A. DELETE
B. GET
C. POST
D. PUT

28 A constrained sensor network uses lossy links and requires lightweight request-response communication. Why is CoAP suitable for this environment?

CoAP protocol Medium
A. It uses UDP with compact message headers
B. It uses TCP with persistent browser sessions
C. It uses FTP with resumable file transfers
D. It uses SMTP with compressed attachments

29 A CoAP client sends a critical actuator command over an unreliable network and needs acknowledgment-based retransmission. Which message type should it use?

CoAP protocol Medium
A. Observe-only
B. Non-confirmable
C. Confirmable
D. Reset-only

30 A weather station sends temperature, humidity, and pressure to one ThingSpeak channel. What is the most appropriate data organization?

ThingSpeak cloud platform Medium
A. Combine all measurements into the channel name
B. Map each measurement to a separate channel field
C. Store each measurement in a separate channel account
D. Publish each measurement as a channel comment

31 A public ThingSpeak channel accepts sensor updates only from authorized devices. Which credential should a device include when writing data?

ThingSpeak cloud platform Medium
A. The channel description
B. The Read API key
C. The Write API key
D. The chart identifier

32 An application must display the latest reported state of an intermittently connected device. Which AWS IoT Core feature is designed for this purpose?

AWS IoT cloud platform Medium
A. Lambda layer
B. CloudFormation stack
C. S3 lifecycle rule
D. Device Shadow

33 Sensor messages arriving at AWS IoT Core must be stored in DynamoDB without modifying the device firmware. Which feature should route the messages?

AWS IoT cloud platform Medium
A. AWS Device Defender audit
B. AWS CloudTrail logging
C. AWS IAM Access Analyzer
D. AWS IoT Rules Engine

34 A cloud application sends a desired fan speed to an offline device. The device should retrieve the value when it reconnects. Which Azure IoT Hub capability is most appropriate?

Azure IoT Hub cloud platform Medium
A. Event Grid system topics
B. Device-to-cloud telemetry
C. Device twin desired properties
D. Blob storage access tiers

35 An operator must request an immediate diagnostic action from a connected device and receive a result. Which Azure IoT Hub feature best fits this interaction?

Azure IoT Hub cloud platform Medium
A. Reported property
B. Message route
C. Direct method
D. File upload

36 A client sends the same complete configuration to /devices/42/config several times, and the final server state should remain unchanged after the first successful request. Which HTTP method best expresses this idempotent update?

REST API integration Medium
A. PUT
B. CONNECT
C. POST
D. TRACE

37 An IoT application receives HTTP status code 429 while uploading telemetry through a REST API. What should the application do?

REST API integration Medium
A. Retry immediately in a tight loop
B. Retry after a delay with backoff
C. Replace every request with DELETE
D. Disable authentication for later requests

38 A dashboard plots a sensor that reports once per second, but the chart redraws only once per minute. Which change most directly improves the dashboard's apparent real-time behavior?

Real-time dashboards and visualization Medium
A. Increase the historical retention period
B. Sort device names alphabetically
C. Increase the chart refresh frequency
D. Add more decimal places to labels

39 A camera system must stop a machine within 50 ms after detecting a safety hazard, while long-term video analytics can tolerate several seconds. Where should each workload run?

Edge computing versus cloud computing Medium
A. Run both workloads only on the dashboard
B. Run detection at the edge and analytics in the cloud
C. Run both workloads only in the cloud
D. Run detection in the cloud and analytics at the edge

40 A device loses power while installing an OTA firmware update. Which design most effectively allows it to recover without becoming unusable?

OTA firmware updates Medium
A. Overwrite the running image in one pass
B. Use dual firmware partitions with rollback
C. Disable integrity checks during installation
D. Store the update only in volatile memory

41 A battery-powered vibration sensor must detect bearing faults within 200 ms, continue operating during intermittent Internet outages, and support fleet-wide analytics. Which architecture best satisfies all three requirements?

IoT architecture Hard
A. Upload samples periodically through an HTTP server after local buffering
B. Run feature extraction at the edge and send features plus selected raw windows to the cloud
C. Use a cloud dashboard to calculate every diagnostic feature centrally
D. Send raw vibration samples directly to a cloud database

42 An MQTT client publishes telemetry with QoS 1 and receives a PUBACK, but the application processes the message twice after a reconnect. Which design correctly addresses this behavior?

MQTT protocol Hard
A. Assume PUBACK guarantees exactly-once processing by the subscriber
B. Use a persistent session and deduplicate messages by an application-level event identifier
C. Change every telemetry message to QoS 0
D. Increase the MQTT keep-alive interval to prevent retransmission

43 A device must receive commands while it is offline, but stale commands must not be delivered when it reconnects. Which MQTT configuration is most appropriate?

MQTT protocol Hard
A. Use a persistent session and publish commands with a short message expiry interval
B. Use a clean session so all queued messages remain available indefinitely
C. Use QoS 2 without an expiry interval and retain every command
D. Publish commands with QoS 0 and set the retained flag

44 A device sends a measurement using an HTTP POST request. The request times out, and the device cannot determine whether the server stored the measurement. Which server-side mechanism most directly prevents duplicate records after a retry?

HTTP protocol Hard
A. Replace POST with a longer-lived TCP connection
B. Add an idempotency key and enforce uniqueness for that key
C. Use chunked transfer encoding
D. Return a redirect before persisting the measurement

45 A constrained gateway exposes a resource whose representation changes frequently. Clients should avoid downloading unchanged content, while the gateway must remain compatible with standard HTTP caching. Which approach is best?

HTTP protocol Hard
A. Disable caching and require a full response for every request
B. Use POST for reads so intermediaries cannot reuse old representations
C. Return a different random URL for every request
D. Return an ETag and require clients to use If-None-Match

46 A low-power sensor sends a confirmable CoAP POST through an unreliable network. It receives no acknowledgment after the retransmission limit is reached. What is the correct application-level conclusion?

CoAP protocol Hard
A. The sensor should automatically switch the request to a GET
B. The request was delivered exactly once because it was confirmable
C. The resource definitely rejected the request
D. The request outcome is unknown and may require a safe retry strategy

47 A CoAP resource must be updated reliably, and repeating the operation after a lost response must not create an additional logical effect. Which method and design are most suitable?

CoAP protocol Hard
A. Use PUT with a stable resource URI and idempotent replacement semantics
B. Use GET with a payload containing the new state
C. Use POST with no request identifier
D. Use DELETE because it is always safe for state changes

48 A ThingSpeak channel receives measurements from several devices, but the analysis must distinguish devices and preserve a consistent schema. Which design is most appropriate within a single channel?

ThingSpeak cloud platform Hard
A. Create a separate channel field for each possible timestamp
B. Create a new channel for every measurement to prevent field collisions
C. Write all devices to the same field without identifiers because timestamps provide identity
D. Use a stable field schema and include a device identifier in a defined field or encoded payload

49 A device posts to ThingSpeak every second, but the channel has an update interval restriction that is longer than one second. What is the most robust device-side strategy?

ThingSpeak cloud platform Hard
A. Buffer measurements locally, aggregate or select samples, and publish within the channel limit
B. Send requests concurrently until one is accepted
C. Ignore rejected updates because the cloud reconstructs all missing samples
D. Change the HTTP method from POST to GET to bypass the restriction

50 An AWS IoT device policy should allow a device to publish only to its own telemetry topic and subscribe only to commands addressed to that same device. Which policy principle is essential?

AWS IoT cloud platform Hard
A. Use policy variables or certificates to bind topic permissions to the device identity
B. Authorize topics by IP address because certificates are shared
C. Grant publish and subscribe access to all topics under the account
D. Allow wildcard subscriptions and filter unauthorized messages in the device

51 A fleet uses AWS IoT Device Shadow documents. A device reconnects after being offline and reports a desired state version older than the cloud version. Which behavior best prevents stale state from overwriting newer state?

AWS IoT cloud platform Hard
A. Use shadow versioning or optimistic concurrency and reject stale updates
B. Disable reported state so only desired state is retained
C. Accept every update because the latest network message is authoritative
D. Delete the shadow whenever a device reconnects

52 An Azure IoT Hub solution must route temperature messages to different storage systems based on a device-reported site identifier. Which feature is designed for this requirement?

Azure IoT Hub cloud platform Hard
A. Cloud-to-device messages without endpoint configuration
B. Device twins with no routing rules
C. Message routing with query conditions and endpoints
D. Direct methods invoked only by human operators

53 A device is temporarily offline when a cloud service invokes an operational command. The command must be executed only once and must report a result tied to the request. Which mechanism is most suitable?

Azure IoT Hub cloud platform Hard
A. A retained MQTT message reused for every future command
B. A direct method with a request identifier and device-side deduplication
C. A telemetry message published without a response topic
D. A device twin property with no command identifier

54 A REST endpoint updates an actuator configuration containing a version number. Two clients read version 10 and then submit conflicting changes. Which API design prevents the second update from silently overwriting the first?

REST API integration Hard
A. Accept both updates and use the request arrival order
B. Use GET for both updates so the operation remains cacheable
C. Require If-Match with the version ETag and return 412 on mismatch
D. Remove version information because the server timestamps requests

55 An IoT platform exposes a paginated REST endpoint, and records can arrive while a client is synchronizing. Which approach most reliably avoids missing or duplicating records?

REST API integration Hard
A. Request only the first page repeatedly until no records change
B. Use offset pagination while sorting by an unstable field
C. Use a stable cursor based on an immutable ordering and process pages idempotently
D. Sort by display name and stop when a page contains fewer records

56 A dashboard plots sensor data arriving through multiple gateways whose clocks are not synchronized. Which visualization strategy best avoids false causal ordering?

Real-time dashboards and visualization Hard
A. Use the largest timestamp from each batch as every point's event time
B. Display event time with uncertainty indicators and monitor ingestion lag separately
C. Sort all points only by gateway arrival time
D. Discard points whose timestamps differ from the browser clock

57 A real-time dashboard must remain responsive when ingesting 50,000 points per second while users inspect one-minute trends. Which architecture is most appropriate?

Real-time dashboards and visualization Hard
A. Refresh the entire page whenever one point arrives
B. Increase chart resolution so the browser can display all raw events
C. Use server-side windowing or downsampling and stream aggregated updates to the client
D. Render every incoming point directly in the browser

58 A safety controller must stop an industrial motor within 50 ms even when the wide-area network is unavailable, while historical optimization can tolerate several minutes of delay. Where should each workload execute?

Edge computing versus cloud computing Hard
A. Both workloads should execute on the sensor to eliminate all network traffic
B. The safety controller should execute at the edge and optimization should execute in the cloud
C. Both workloads should execute in the cloud
D. The safety controller should execute in the cloud and optimization at the edge

59 An edge gateway performs anomaly detection locally and sends only alerts to the cloud. Which additional design is most important for maintaining trustworthy fleet-wide analytics?

Edge computing versus cloud computing Hard
A. Use an identical threshold forever so edge behavior never changes
B. Discard all raw data permanently after each local decision
C. Periodically upload representative raw samples and model metadata for cloud validation
D. Replace local decisions with cloud decisions whenever bandwidth is available

60 A firmware update may be interrupted by power loss, and a failed image must not permanently disable the device. Which update design provides the strongest protection?

OTA firmware updates Hard
A. Store the new image only in volatile memory and trust the bootloader
B. Use A/B partitions, signed images, boot validation, and rollback to the previous image
C. Overwrite the active image in place and reboot immediately
D. Disable integrity checks so updates complete with fewer bytes