Unit 4: Camera Interfacing & Computer Vision - Practice Quiz

ECE140 — Workshop On Iot For Digital Society 60 Questions
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1 Which component connects a Raspberry Pi camera module to the Raspberry Pi board?

Raspberry Pi camera architecture Easy
A. CSI connector
B. Ethernet connector
C. USB connector
D. HDMI connector

2 What is the main purpose of the image sensor in a camera module?

Raspberry Pi camera architecture Easy
A. To connect to Wi-Fi networks
B. To control the display brightness
C. To capture light and form an image
D. To store video files

3 Before connecting a Raspberry Pi camera ribbon cable, what should usually be done?

Setting up the Raspberry Pi camera Easy
A. Enable Bluetooth
B. Start a video call
C. Remove the microSD card
D. Power off the Raspberry Pi

4 Which part of the Raspberry Pi camera cable must be aligned correctly with the connector?

Setting up the Raspberry Pi camera Easy
A. The cable contacts
B. The cable outer edge
C. The cable length
D. The cable label color

5 Which software feature may need to be enabled before using a Raspberry Pi camera?

Setting up the Raspberry Pi camera Easy
A. Game controller support
B. Camera support
C. Printer support
D. Audio recording support

6 What does ISP commonly stand for in a camera system?

Camera pipeline and ISP fundamentals Easy
A. Image Storage Program
B. Input Sensor Port
C. Image Signal Processor
D. Internet Streaming Protocol

7 Which task is commonly performed by an image signal processor?

Camera pipeline and ISP fundamentals Easy
A. White balance adjustment
B. Network cable testing
C. Keyboard layout selection
D. File compression only

8 What is the usual first source of data in a digital camera pipeline?

Camera pipeline and ISP fundamentals Easy
A. Web browser
B. Keyboard
C. Image sensor
D. Speaker

9 What is the purpose of converting raw camera data into a processed image?

Camera pipeline and ISP fundamentals Easy
A. To improve image usability
B. To disconnect the camera
C. To reduce screen size
D. To disable image colors

10 What is OpenCV mainly used for?

OpenCV installation and usage Easy
A. Computer vision tasks
B. Managing email accounts
C. Creating operating systems
D. Writing spreadsheets

11 Which Python package name is commonly used to install OpenCV?

OpenCV installation and usage Easy
A. camera-tools
B. opencv-python
C. python-image-system
D. vision-linux

12 Which Python statement commonly imports OpenCV?

OpenCV installation and usage Easy
A. import cv2
B. load camera
C. using vision
D. include opencv

13 Why might an image be converted to grayscale before processing?

Image preprocessing and enhancement Easy
A. To connect the image to Wi-Fi
B. To simplify image data
C. To add more color channels
D. To increase camera voltage

14 What does resizing an image change?

Image preprocessing and enhancement Easy
A. Its file permissions only
B. Its network address
C. Its width and height
D. Its camera connector

15 Which operation can help reduce small amounts of image noise?

Image preprocessing and enhancement Easy
A. Renaming
B. Rotating
C. Blurring
D. Printing

16 What is the goal of face detection?

Face detection and recognition Easy
A. To locate faces in an image
B. To increase image file size
C. To identify network cables
D. To change the camera lens

17 How is face recognition different from face detection?

Face detection and recognition Easy
A. Recognition only changes image size
B. Recognition identifies a person
C. Recognition removes all faces
D. Recognition controls camera power

18 What does an object detection model usually provide for an object in an image?

Object detection using deep learning models Easy
A. A keyboard shortcut and a password
B. A file name and a folder
C. A sound level and a voltage
D. A class and a bounding box

19 What is a bounding box in object detection?

Object detection using deep learning models Easy
A. A network security rule
B. A rectangle around an object
C. A box for storing model files
D. A camera mounting bracket

20 What does video streaming over a network allow a user to do?

Video streaming over a network Easy
A. Remove all video frames
B. View video from another device
C. Replace the camera sensor
D. Increase lens brightness physically

21 Which interface normally carries image data from an official Raspberry Pi camera module to the Raspberry Pi processor?

Raspberry Pi camera architecture Medium
A. I2C control interface
B. UART communication interface
C. SPI serial interface
D. MIPI CSI-2 interface

22 A fast-moving fan appears tilted in images captured by a Raspberry Pi camera with a rolling-shutter sensor. What is the most likely cause?

Raspberry Pi camera architecture Medium
A. Rows are exposed at different times
B. Frames are stored in reverse order
C. Pixels are transmitted through I2C
D. Colors are sampled at different depths

23 After connecting a camera to a recent Raspberry Pi OS installation, which command is most suitable for quickly verifying that the camera can capture a preview?

Setting up the Raspberry Pi camera Medium
A. opencv-preview
B. rpicam-hello
C. sensor-check
D. camera-mount

24 A CSI camera is not detected immediately after its ribbon cable was reconnected. What should be checked first?

Setting up the Raspberry Pi camera Medium
A. Neural-network confidence threshold
B. OpenCV color conversion settings
C. Network router port forwarding
D. Cable orientation and connector locking

25 What is the main purpose of the demosaicing stage in a camera image signal processor?

Camera pipeline and ISP fundamentals Medium
A. Detecting objects from trained feature representations
B. Compressing complete frames into an H.264 stream
C. Reconstructing RGB values from filtered sensor samples
D. Transmitting raw pixels through a network socket

26 A camera produces dark frames with little motion blur. Which adjustment is most appropriate if additional image noise is acceptable?

Camera pipeline and ISP fundamentals Medium
A. Lower the capture resolution
B. Disable color correction
C. Increase the sensor gain
D. Reduce the exposure time

27 Under white indoor lighting, a white object appears yellow in the captured image. Which ISP operation should primarily correct this effect?

Camera pipeline and ISP fundamentals Medium
A. Lossless image compression
B. Temporal frame buffering
C. Automatic white balance
D. Geometric lens correction

28 An OpenCV frame appears blue where red is expected after being displayed with a library that expects RGB data. Which conversion should be applied?

OpenCV installation and usage Medium
A. cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB
B. cv2.COLOR_HSV2BGR
C. cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY
D. cv2.COLOR_GRAY2RGB

29 A Python camera program exits, but the camera remains unavailable to another process for a short time. Which OpenCV action helps prevent this problem?

OpenCV installation and usage Medium
A. Call cv2.cvtColor() before saving
B. Call cv2.resize() before displaying
C. Call frame.copy() after every capture
D. Call capture.release() before exiting

30 A program receives a valid frame from cv2.VideoCapture, but cv2.imshow() appears frozen because the event loop is not processed. Which call is needed inside the display loop?

OpenCV installation and usage Medium
A. cv2.getBuildInformation()
B. cv2.waitKey(1)
C. cv2.destroyAllWindows()
D. cv2.imwrite(frame)

31 An image of size must be resized to a width of while preserving its aspect ratio. What should the new height be?

Image preprocessing and enhancement Medium
A. pixels
B. pixels
C. pixels
D. pixels

32 A grayscale image has poor contrast in some regions, while other regions already have acceptable contrast. Which technique is most suitable for local enhancement without strongly amplifying noise?

Image preprocessing and enhancement Medium
A. CLAHE
B. Nearest-neighbor resizing
C. Global thresholding
D. Binary inversion

33 A Canny edge detector produces many false edges because the input image contains sensor noise. Which preprocessing step is most appropriate?

Image preprocessing and enhancement Medium
A. Convert to HSV
B. Increase color saturation
C. Rotate the image
D. Apply Gaussian smoothing

34 A face detector is missing several partially visible faces. Lowering its detection threshold is likely to produce which result?

Face detection and recognition Medium
A. More detections and more false positives
B. Fewer detections and fewer false positives
C. More detections and faster inference
D. Fewer detections and higher resolution

35 A face-recognition system represents each face as an embedding vector. How is a newly captured face commonly identified?

Face detection and recognition Medium
A. Match its average brightness with templates
B. Compare its file size with stored images
C. Match its bounding-box area with profiles
D. Compare its embedding with stored embeddings

36 A recognition system works for frontal faces but performs poorly when faces are tilted. Which preprocessing step is most likely to improve consistency?

Face detection and recognition Medium
A. Convert all frames to binary images
B. Encode frames using H.264
C. Increase the camera frame rate
D. Align faces using detected landmarks

37 A detector produces several highly overlapping boxes for the same object. Which post-processing method should be applied?

Object detection using deep learning models Medium
A. Non-maximum suppression
B. Background subtraction
C. Histogram equalization
D. Bilinear interpolation

38 An object-detection model expects a square input, but the camera frame is widescreen. Which preprocessing method best preserves object shapes?

Object detection using deep learning models Medium
A. Convert the frame to grayscale
B. Stretch directly to the square size
C. Resize proportionally and add padding
D. Crop equal strips from all sides

39 A Raspberry Pi object detector is accurate but too slow for the required frame rate. Which change is most likely to improve speed while retaining the same general task?

Object detection using deep learning models Medium
A. Disable all confidence filtering
B. Increase the model input resolution
C. Save every frame as PNG
D. Use a quantized lightweight model

40 An MJPEG stream sends JPEG frames per second, and each frame averages KB. Approximately what application-level bandwidth is required?

Video streaming over a network Medium
A. Mbps
B. Mbps
C. Mbps
D. Mbps

41 A Raspberry Pi camera is connected through the CSI interface, while image processing is performed largely by the SoC multimedia subsystem. Which consequence is most important when diagnosing a high-resolution capture failure?

Raspberry Pi camera architecture Hard
A. The GPU can increase the physical resolution of the attached sensor
B. The sensor supplies pixels, but memory bandwidth and ISP throughput can limit usable modes
C. The CSI connector determines the sensor's maximum exposure time
D. The camera automatically bypasses the ISP during still-image capture

42 A rolling-shutter Raspberry Pi camera observes a rapidly rotating fan. Which artifact is most likely, and which architectural property explains it?

Raspberry Pi camera architecture Hard
A. Uniform darkening, caused by ISP color correction
B. Color banding, caused by Bayer interpolation
C. Radial blur, caused by JPEG quantization
D. Geometric skew, caused by sequential row exposure

43 A camera application must provide a low-latency preview and periodically save high-quality still images. Which design best uses the camera architecture?

Raspberry Pi camera architecture Hard
A. Switch the sensor off between preview frames to reduce processing load
B. Process the preview only after each still image has finished encoding
C. Capture every frame as a full-resolution JPEG and resize for preview
D. Use a low-resolution video stream for preview and a still stream for photographs

44 After physically connecting a camera, the preview command reports that no camera is detected. Which diagnostic sequence is most appropriate?

Setting up the Raspberry Pi camera Hard
A. Increase JPEG quality, then reboot the camera process
B. Change the image format to PNG, then disable automatic exposure
C. Verify ribbon orientation and seating, inspect detection output, then test a supported mode
D. Install OpenCV first, then replace the power supply

45 A camera works at 640x480 but fails at its advertised maximum resolution. Which explanation is most technically defensible?

Setting up the Raspberry Pi camera Hard
A. The selected mode may exceed available bandwidth, memory, or pipeline constraints
B. The operating system always limits CSI cameras to VGA
C. The lens focal length prevents large image buffers
D. The camera sensor cannot expose pixels larger than VGA

46 A manually focused camera produces sharp images at close range but blurred images for distant objects. Which adjustment is most appropriate?

Setting up the Raspberry Pi camera Hard
A. Increase the frame rate to force a shorter focal distance
B. Increase JPEG compression to sharpen edge transitions
C. Disable the ISP so the lens receives more exposure data
D. Rotate the lens focus mechanism toward the distance-focused position

47 Why can a raw Bayer frame appear strongly tinted when opened directly as if it were an ordinary RGB image?

Camera pipeline and ISP fundamentals Hard
A. The CSI link reverses the red and blue channels
B. The sensor has already applied an incorrect gamma curve
C. Each pixel stores only one color sample under a Bayer color filter pattern
D. JPEG decoding is required before any sensor color exists

48 An image has correct brightness but a strong blue cast under warm indoor lighting. Which ISP operation primarily addresses this problem?

Camera pipeline and ISP fundamentals Hard
A. H.264 entropy coding
B. Temporal denoising
C. White-balance estimation and channel gain adjustment
D. Lens shading correction

49 A scene contains a bright window and a dark indoor subject. Why might enabling HDR or multi-exposure processing improve the subject while introducing motion artifacts?

Camera pipeline and ISP fundamentals Hard
A. It combines exposures with different dynamic ranges, which can misalign moving content
B. It replaces the lens with a wider aperture, which causes object duplication
C. It lowers sensor resolution by interpolating every exposure independently
D. It removes all saturated pixels by converting them to grayscale

50 An OpenCV application reports that the camera backend opens successfully but returns empty frames intermittently. Which first change best isolates the cause?

OpenCV installation and usage Hard
A. Increase the neural-network confidence threshold
B. Convert every frame to grayscale before checking its validity
C. Check the return status and frame contents before any processing operation
D. Replace all NumPy arrays with Python lists

51 A script works in a system Python shell but fails inside a virtual environment with an import error for OpenCV. What is the most likely cause?

OpenCV installation and usage Hard
A. OpenCV requires a separate HDMI driver for each environment
B. The virtual environment is using a different interpreter or lacks the OpenCV package
C. The image sensor has changed its Bayer pattern
D. The camera ribbon cable is reversed

52 A BGR frame from OpenCV is passed directly to a model trained with RGB images. The model's confidence decreases substantially. Which correction is required?

OpenCV installation and usage Hard
A. Rotate the image by 90 degrees before inference
B. Apply JPEG compression before inference
C. Swap the blue and red channels before normalization
D. Convert the image to a larger integer type only

53 A grayscale image has poor global contrast because most pixels occupy a narrow intensity interval, but illumination varies across the scene. Which method is generally most suitable?

Image preprocessing and enhancement Hard
A. Nearest-neighbor enlargement followed by sharpening
B. Histogram equalization applied independently to every video frame
C. CLAHE with controlled tile contrast limits
D. Global thresholding with a fixed midpoint

54 A face detector misses small faces after an image is resized for speed. Which change most directly addresses the recall problem while controlling computational cost?

Image preprocessing and enhancement Hard
A. Lower JPEG quality to create more edge pixels
B. Use a larger detector input or image pyramid only when needed
C. Apply a stronger median blur before detection
D. Remove normalization so dark pixels remain unchanged

55 An edge detector produces many false edges in a low-light image. Which preprocessing choice is most likely to reduce false responses without eliminating all object boundaries?

Image preprocessing and enhancement Hard
A. Apply denoising before gradient calculation
B. Replace all pixels below the mean with white
C. Increase saturation before converting to grayscale
D. Use a larger JPEG compression ratio before filtering

56 A recognition system performs well on enrollment images but confuses people under different lighting and head poses. Which redesign best separates detection from recognition concerns?

Face detection and recognition Hard
A. Align detected faces, extract embeddings, and compare them with a calibrated threshold
B. Train the system using only blurred face thumbnails
C. Increase the detector's bounding-box size until identities become unique
D. Use a face detector alone and treat every detected box as an identity

57 A face-recognition system must reject unknown people, but its nearest-neighbor classifier always assigns the closest enrolled identity. What change is necessary?

Face detection and recognition Hard
A. Sort enrolled identities alphabetically before comparison
B. Disable face alignment to preserve more background context
C. Use a distance or similarity threshold with an explicit unknown outcome
D. Increase the number of image color channels from three to four

58 A detector produces multiple overlapping boxes for one object. Which post-processing operation is intended to retain the strongest box while suppressing redundant detections?

Object detection using deep learning models Hard
A. Bilinear interpolation
B. Non-maximum suppression
C. Histogram stretching
D. Batch normalization

59 A model trained on 640x640 letterboxed images receives a 1280x720 frame. Which preprocessing error is most likely to corrupt predicted box coordinates?

Object detection using deep learning models Hard
A. Applying non-maximum suppression after confidence filtering
B. Using RGB values instead of grayscale values
C. Ignoring the scale and padding offsets when mapping boxes back
D. Keeping the original frame rate during inference

60 A Raspberry Pi streams video over Wi-Fi. Viewers observe increasing delay even though the displayed video remains smooth. Which change most directly limits latency growth?

Video streaming over a network Hard
A. Use bounded queues and discard stale frames when processing falls behind
B. Increase the stream resolution while preserving the same bitrate
C. Use an unbounded receive buffer to avoid dropped frames
D. Encode every frame as a lossless image before transmission