1Which chronicler wrote Taj-ul-Ma'asir, considered the first official history of the Delhi Sultanate?
A.Minhaj-i-Siraj
B.Hasan Nizami
C.Ziauddin Barani
D.Amir Khusrau
Correct Answer: Hasan Nizami
Explanation:Taj-ul-Ma'asir was written by Hasan Nizami. It deals primarily with the events of Qutbuddin Aibak's reign and the early years of Iltutmish.
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2Who authored the text Tabaqat-i-Nasiri, which is a vital source for the history of the early Turkish Sultanate up to 1260?
A.Ibn Battuta
B.Al-Biruni
C.Minhaj-i-Siraj
D.Shams-i-Siraj Afif
Correct Answer: Minhaj-i-Siraj
Explanation:Minhaj-i-Siraj wrote Tabaqat-i-Nasiri and dedicated it to Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud. It is the most detailed source for the early Ilbari (Mamluk) dynasty.
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3Which famous traveler visited India during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq and wrote the Kitab-ul-Rihla?
A.Marco Polo
B.Niccolò de' Conti
C.Ibn Battuta
D.Abdur Razzak
Correct Answer: Ibn Battuta
Explanation:Ibn Battuta, a Moroccan traveler, visited India during Muhammad bin Tughlaq's reign and served as the Qazi of Delhi. His travelogue is known as Rihla.
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4Who among the following was known as the 'Parrot of India' (Tuti-e-Hind) and is a significant literary source for the Sultanate period?
A.Amir Khusrau
B.Mirza Ghalib
C.Faizi
D.Badauni
Correct Answer: Amir Khusrau
Explanation:Amir Khusrau was a prolific poet and musician associated with the courts of several Sultans, most notably Alauddin Khalji. He is often called Tuti-e-Hind.
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5The Second Battle of Tarain (1192), which laid the foundation of Turkish rule in India, was fought between Muhammad Ghori and which Indian ruler?
A.Jaichand
B.Prithviraj Chauhan
C.Rana Sanga
D.Dahira
Correct Answer: Prithviraj Chauhan
Explanation:The Second Battle of Tarain (1192) was fought between the Ghurid forces of Muhammad Ghori and the Rajput confederacy led by Prithviraj Chauhan III.
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6Who was the first Sultan of Delhi to assume the title of 'Lakh Baksh' (Giver of Lakhs) due to his generosity?
A.Iltutmish
B.Balban
C.Qutbuddin Aibak
D.Alauddin Khalji
Correct Answer: Qutbuddin Aibak
Explanation:Qutbuddin Aibak, the founder of the Slave Dynasty, was known as 'Lakh Baksh' because of his liberal donations to the poor.
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7Which Sultan is credited with organizing the 'Turkan-i-Chahalgani' (The Corps of Forty)?
A.Qutbuddin Aibak
B.Iltutmish
C.Balban
D.Razia Sultan
Correct Answer: Iltutmish
Explanation:Iltutmish organized a group of forty loyal Turkish nobles known as Turkan-i-Chahalgani to consolidate his power and administration.
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8Who introduced the silver Tanka and the copper Jital as the standard coins of the Delhi Sultanate?
A.Alauddin Khalji
B.Muhammad bin Tughlaq
C.Iltutmish
D.Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Correct Answer: Iltutmish
Explanation:Iltutmish introduced the silver Tanka (175 grains) and the copper Jital, setting the standard for the Sultanate's currency system.
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9During the reign of Iltutmish, the Mongol threat under Genghis Khan appeared on the banks of which river?
A.Ganga
B.Yamuna
C.Indus
D.Sutlej
Correct Answer: Indus
Explanation:Genghis Khan reached the banks of the Indus river in pursuit of Jalaluddin Mangbarani. Iltutmish saved the Sultanate by refusing asylum to Jalaluddin.
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10Which Sultan destroyed the power of the 'Chahalgani' (The Forty) to restore the prestige of the Crown?
A.Nasiruddin Mahmud
B.Balban
C.Bahram Shah
D.Alauddin Khalji
Correct Answer: Balban
Explanation:Ghiyasuddin Balban, originally a member of the Forty, systematically destroyed their power to centralize authority and elevate the status of the monarchy.
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11Balban introduced the Persian customs of Sijda (prostration) and Paibos (kissing the feet) to prove what theory?
A.Theory of Divine Right (Zill-i-Ilahi)
B.Theory of Social Contract
C.Theory of Democratic Rule
D.Theory of Warrior Kingship
Correct Answer: Theory of Divine Right (Zill-i-Ilahi)
Explanation:Balban believed the King was the 'Shadow of God' (Zill-i-Ilahi) and introduced Sijda and Paibos to emphasize the Sultan's superiority over the nobles.
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12Who was the first female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate?
A.Nur Jahan
B.Chand Bibi
C.Razia Sultan
D.Didda
Correct Answer: Razia Sultan
Explanation:Razia Sultan, the daughter of Iltutmish, was the first and only female Muslim ruler of the Delhi Sultanate (1236–1240).
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13The Diwan-i-Arz established by Balban was related to which department?
A.Foreign Affairs
B.Military
C.Finance
D.Justice
Correct Answer: Military
Explanation:Balban established the Diwan-i-Arz (Military Department) to reorganize the army and defend against Mongol invasions.
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14Which Sultan adopted the title Sikandar-i-Sani (The Second Alexander)?
A.Balban
B.Alauddin Khalji
C.Muhammad bin Tughlaq
D.Sikandar Lodi
Correct Answer: Alauddin Khalji
Explanation:Alauddin Khalji had ambitions of world conquest and minted coins with the title Sikandar-i-Sani (The Second Alexander).
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15Alauddin Khalji's market control regulations were primarily aimed at:
A.Improving the welfare of peasants
B.Maintaining a large standing army at low cost
C.Encouraging foreign trade
D.Reducing the influence of nobles
Correct Answer: Maintaining a large standing army at low cost
Explanation:The primary objective of Alauddin's market reforms was to fix prices of goods so he could maintain a massive standing army on limited salaries to counter Mongol threats.
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16Who was the general of Alauddin Khalji responsible for the conquests in the Deccan (South India)?
A.Zafar Khan
B.Ulugh Khan
C.Malik Kafur
D.Ghazi Malik
Correct Answer: Malik Kafur
Explanation:Malik Kafur, also known as Hazar Dinari, led Alauddin Khalji's southern campaigns, defeating the Yadavas, Kakatiyas, Hoysalas, and Pandyas.
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17The system of branding horses (Dagh) and maintaining descriptive rolls of soldiers (Chehra) was introduced by:
A.Iltutmish
B.Alauddin Khalji
C.Sher Shah Suri
D.Akbar
Correct Answer: Alauddin Khalji
Explanation:Alauddin Khalji introduced Dagh (branding horses) and Chehra (soldier identification) to prevent corruption in the military.
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18Which new department was created by Alauddin Khalji to oversee the market regulations?
A.Diwan-i-Riyasat
B.Diwan-i-Kohi
C.Diwan-i-Insha
D.Diwan-i-Risalat
Correct Answer: Diwan-i-Riyasat
Explanation:The Diwan-i-Riyasat was the department of commerce established by Alauddin to implement his market control policies.
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19What was the term used for the land revenue measurement system introduced by Alauddin Khalji?
A.Zabt
B.Masahat
C.Galla-Bakhshi
D.Kankut
Correct Answer: Masahat
Explanation:Alauddin Khalji introduced the Masahat system, where land revenue was assessed based on the measurement of the land under cultivation.
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20Which fort did Alauddin Khalji besiege in 1303, associated with the legend of Padmavati?
A.Ranthambore
B.Chittor
C.Mandu
D.Devagiri
Correct Answer: Chittor
Explanation:Alauddin Khalji besieged and captured the fort of Chittor in 1303. This campaign is famously associated with the legend of Queen Padmini (Padmavati).
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21Muhammad bin Tughlaq transferred his capital from Delhi to which city?
A.Agra
B.Lahore
C.Daulatabad (Devagiri)
D.Jaunpur
Correct Answer: Daulatabad (Devagiri)
Explanation:Muhammad bin Tughlaq transferred the capital to Devagiri, renaming it Daulatabad, to control the Deccan more effectively.
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22The 'Token Currency' experiment of Muhammad bin Tughlaq involved the introduction of coins made of:
A.Gold
B.Silver
C.Bronze/Copper
D.Lead
Correct Answer: Bronze/Copper
Explanation:Muhammad bin Tughlaq introduced token currency where bronze or copper coins were to have the same value as silver Tankas, but the experiment failed due to counterfeiting.
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23Which agricultural department was set up by Muhammad bin Tughlaq to bring uncultivated land under the plough?
A.Diwan-i-Mustakhraj
B.Diwan-i-Amir Kohi
C.Diwan-i-Bandagan
D.Diwan-i-Khairat
Correct Answer: Diwan-i-Amir Kohi
Explanation:Diwan-i-Amir Kohi was the department of agriculture established by Muhammad bin Tughlaq to extend cultivation and provide loans (Taccavi) to farmers.
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24Which of the following rebellions led to the foundation of the Vijayanagara Empire during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq?
A.Rebellion of Hasan Gangu
B.Rebellion of Harihara and Bukka
C.Rebellion of Taghi
D.Rebellion of Bengal
Correct Answer: Rebellion of Harihara and Bukka
Explanation:Harihara and Bukka, who were earlier in Tughlaq's service, rebelled and founded the Vijayanagara Empire in 1336 during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
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25The Bahmani Kingdom was founded in 1347 by:
A.Firoz Shah Bahmani
B.Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah (Hasan Gangu)
C.Mahmud Gawan
D.Adil Shah
Correct Answer: Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah (Hasan Gangu)
Explanation:The Bahmani Sultanate was founded in the Deccan by Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah (also known as Hasan Gangu) in 1347, breaking away from the Delhi Sultanate.
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26Which Sultan of Delhi established the Diwan-i-Bandagan (Department of Slaves)?
A.Alauddin Khalji
B.Muhammad bin Tughlaq
C.Firoz Shah Tughlaq
D.Balban
Correct Answer: Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Explanation:Firoz Shah Tughlaq had a passion for collecting slaves and established a separate department called Diwan-i-Bandagan to manage them.
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27Timur (Tamerlane) invaded Delhi in which year, dealing a death blow to the Tughlaq dynasty?
A.1296
B.1398
C.1526
D.1451
Correct Answer: 1398
Explanation:Timur invaded India and sacked Delhi in 1398 during the reign of Nasiruddin Mahmud Tughlaq, severely weakening the Sultanate.
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28Who was the founder of the Sayyid Dynasty?
A.Khizr Khan
B.Mubarak Shah
C.Muhammad Shah
D.Alam Shah
Correct Answer: Khizr Khan
Explanation:Khizr Khan was the founder of the Sayyid Dynasty. He claimed to be a descendant of the Prophet and initially ruled as a vassal of Timur's son.
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29The Lodi dynasty was distinct from previous dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate because they were of __ origin.
A.Turkish
B.Mongol
C.Afghan
D.Persian
Correct Answer: Afghan
Explanation:The Lodis were Afghans (Pathans), whereas the previous dynasties (Mamluk, Khalji, Tughlaq) were primarily of Turkish origin.
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30Who founded the Lodi Dynasty in 1451?
A.Sikandar Lodi
B.Ibrahim Lodi
C.Bahlul Lodi
D.Daulat Khan Lodi
Correct Answer: Bahlul Lodi
Explanation:Bahlul Lodi founded the Lodi dynasty in 1451 after the last Sayyid ruler abdicated the throne.
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31Which Lodi Sultan founded the city of Agra in 1504?
A.Bahlul Lodi
B.Sikandar Lodi
C.Ibrahim Lodi
D.Mahmud Lodi
Correct Answer: Sikandar Lodi
Explanation:Sikandar Lodi founded the city of Agra in 1504 and shifted his capital there from Delhi to better control the Rajputs.
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32The measurement unit Gaz-i-Sikandari was introduced by which Sultan?
A.Alauddin Khalji
B.Sikandar Lodi
C.Sher Shah Suri
D.Akbar
Correct Answer: Sikandar Lodi
Explanation:Sikandar Lodi introduced a new yard for land measurement called Gaz-i-Sikandari, which was later used as a basis by Sher Shah and Akbar.
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33The Sharqi Sultanate, known for its distinct architectural style, was based in which region?
A.Bengal
B.Gujarat
C.Malwa
D.Jaunpur
Correct Answer: Jaunpur
Explanation:The Sharqi dynasty ruled from Jaunpur. The city became a center of learning and culture, earning the title 'Shiraz of India'.
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34Who was the last Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate, defeated at the Battle of Panipat?
A.Sikandar Lodi
B.Ibrahim Lodi
C.Daulat Khan Lodi
D.Alam Khan
Correct Answer: Ibrahim Lodi
Explanation:Ibrahim Lodi was the last Sultan. He was defeated and killed by Babur in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526.
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35The First Battle of Panipat, which marked the end of the Delhi Sultanate, took place in:
A.1526
B.1556
C.1761
D.1192
Correct Answer: 1526
Explanation:The First Battle of Panipat took place on April 21, 1526, between the invading forces of Babur and the Lodi Empire.
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36Which regional kingdom was ruled by the Ilyas Shahi dynasty?
A.Kashmir
B.Bengal
C.Gujarat
D.Malwa
Correct Answer: Bengal
Explanation:Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah founded the Ilyas Shahi dynasty in Bengal, which unified the region and ruled for a significant period.
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37Zain-ul-Abidin, often called the 'Akbar of Kashmir', was known for:
A.Extreme religious intolerance
B.Abolishing Jizya and promoting cow protection
C.Destroying temples
D.Closing all schools
Correct Answer: Abolishing Jizya and promoting cow protection
Explanation:Zain-ul-Abidin was a tolerant ruler of Kashmir who abolished Jizya, banned cow slaughter, and patronized arts and literature, earning the moniker 'Akbar of Kashmir'.
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38The famous ruler Mahmud Begarha belonged to which regional Sultanate?
A.Malwa
B.Gujarat
C.Bahmani
D.Khandesh
Correct Answer: Gujarat
Explanation:Mahmud Begarha was the most powerful Sultan of Gujarat. His name 'Begarha' supposedly referred to his conquest of two forts (Girnar and Champaner).
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39Which text is a work on statecraft written by Ziauddin Barani?
A.Fatawa-i-Jahandari
B.Tughlaq Nama
C.Khazain-ul-Futuh
D.Miftah-ul-Futuh
Correct Answer: Fatawa-i-Jahandari
Explanation:Fatawa-i-Jahandari is a work by Ziauddin Barani dealing with political philosophy and the ideal Muslim ruler's governance.
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40The term Iqta in the Delhi Sultanate administration referred to:
A.A religious tax
B.A specific type of coin
C.Assignment of land revenue in lieu of salary
D.A royal workshop
Correct Answer: Assignment of land revenue in lieu of salary
Explanation:The Iqta system was an administrative assignment of land revenue to officials (Iqtadars/Muqtis) in exchange for maintaining troops and administration.
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41Who was the Mongol leader who invaded India during the reign of Alauddin Khalji, leading to the Battle of Kili?
A.Genghis Khan
B.Halaku
C.Qutlugh Khwaja
D.Timur
Correct Answer: Qutlugh Khwaja
Explanation:Qutlugh Khwaja led a massive Mongol invasion in 1299, marching up to Delhi, but was repelled by Alauddin Khalji's forces (notably Zafar Khan).
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42The Alai Darwaza, a magnificent gateway to the Qutb complex, was built by:
A.Iltutmish
B.Alauddin Khalji
C.Firoz Shah Tughlaq
D.Sikandar Lodi
Correct Answer: Alauddin Khalji
Explanation:Alauddin Khalji built the Alai Darwaza in 1311. It is a masterpiece of Indo-Islamic architecture featuring the first true dome and true arches.
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43Under the Tughlaqs, the officer in charge of the royal correspondence was known as:
A.Diwan-i-Insha
B.Diwan-i-Wizarat
C.Diwan-i-Rasalat
D.Qazi-ul-Quzat
Correct Answer: Diwan-i-Insha
Explanation:The Diwan-i-Insha (or Diwan-i-Ashraf) was the department of royal correspondence, headed by the Dabir-i-Khas.
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44Which historian wrote Futuh-us-Salatin, which is critical of Muhammad bin Tughlaq?
A.Isami
B.Barani
C.Afif
D.Nizami
Correct Answer: Isami
Explanation:Isami wrote Futuh-us-Salatin in the Bahmani court. He was highly critical of Muhammad bin Tughlaq, largely because he was forced to migrate to Daulatabad.
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45The Qutb Minar construction was started by Aibak but completed by:
A.Balban
B.Alauddin Khalji
C.Iltutmish
D.Razia Sultan
Correct Answer: Iltutmish
Explanation:Qutbuddin Aibak started the basement, but Iltutmish added the next three storeys. Firoz Shah Tughlaq later repaired it and added the final storey.
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46During the Sultanate period, the tax known as Kharaj was levied on:
A.Non-Muslims for protection
B.War booty
C.Land / Agriculture
D.Imports and Exports
Correct Answer: Land / Agriculture
Explanation:Kharaj was the land tax levied on non-Muslim cultivators, typically ranging from 1/3 to 1/2 of the produce during different reigns.
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47Who among the following invited Babur to invade India against Ibrahim Lodi?
A.Rana Sanga and Daulat Khan Lodi
B.Mahmud Lodi and Sher Shah
C.Hemu and Jai Singh
D.Sikandar Lodi
Correct Answer: Rana Sanga and Daulat Khan Lodi
Explanation:Daulat Khan Lodi (Governor of Punjab) and Rana Sanga (Ruler of Mewar) invited Babur, hoping he would defeat Ibrahim Lodi and leave, allowing them to seize power.
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48The 'Double Dome' architecture was first introduced in India during the reign of:
A.The Khaljis
B.The Tughlaqs
C.The Lodis
D.The Mughals
Correct Answer: The Lodis
Explanation:The technique of the double dome (an inner dome for aesthetics and an outer dome for height) was a significant architectural feature introduced during the Lodi period (e.g., Tomb of Sikandar Lodi).
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49Which of the following was NOT a reform of Alauddin Khalji?
A.Introduction of Token Currency
B.Market Control
C.Measurement of Land
D.Dagh and Chehra
Correct Answer: Introduction of Token Currency
Explanation:Token Currency was a failed experiment of Muhammad bin Tughlaq, not Alauddin Khalji. The other options were Alauddin's reforms.
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50The Persian festival Nauroz was introduced in the Delhi court by:
A.Iltutmish
B.Balban
C.Alauddin Khalji
D.Firoz Tughlaq
Correct Answer: Balban
Explanation:Balban introduced the Persian new year festival Nauroz to the Delhi court to enhance the splendour and dignity of the kingship.