1Which fashion cycle represents a style that gains popularity, declines, and then reappears years later?
A.Fad Cycle
B.Recurring Cycle
C.Classic Cycle
D.Interrupted Cycle
Correct Answer: Recurring Cycle
Explanation:A recurring cycle refers to a style or trend that falls out of fashion but returns to popularity after a significant period of time, such as bell-bottoms or tie-dye.
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2Which of the following best describes a 'Fad'?
A.A style that remains popular for a decade
B.A style that is accepted by a small group for a long time
C.A style that becomes popular very quickly and disappears just as fast
D.A style that is halted by an external event like war
Correct Answer: A style that becomes popular very quickly and disappears just as fast
Explanation:A fad is characterized by a steep rise in popularity followed by a rapid decline, often lacking the versatility to remain in fashion long-term.
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3The 'Little Black Dress' and the 'White Button-Down Shirt' are examples of which fashion cycle?
A.Fad
B.Classic
C.Trickle-up
D.Interrupted
Correct Answer: Classic
Explanation:A classic is a style that stays in fashion for an extended period of time and is considered a wardrobe staple.
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4What usually causes an 'Interrupted Cycle' in fashion?
A.A change in seasons
B.A lack of marketing budget
C.External factors like war, economic depression, or pandemics
D.The release of a new movie
Correct Answer: External factors like war, economic depression, or pandemics
Explanation:An interrupted cycle occurs when the progress of a fashion trend is stopped prematurely by significant external social, political, or economic events.
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5In the context of the fashion cycle bell curve, what happens during the 'Obsolescence' stage?
A.Fashion innovators begin wearing the item
B.The item is sold at full price in department stores
C.The item is available in mass-market retailers
D.The style is no longer desired and can only be found in thrift shops or garage sales
Correct Answer: The style is no longer desired and can only be found in thrift shops or garage sales
Explanation:Obsolescence is the final stage of the fashion cycle where the consumer interest has waned completely, and the item is considered 'out of fashion'.
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6Which fashion theory suggests that trends start at the top of the social hierarchy and move downwards to the masses?
A.Trickle-up Theory
B.Trickle-down Theory
C.Trickle-across Theory
D.Bubble-up Theory
Correct Answer: Trickle-down Theory
Explanation:The Trickle-down theory (or Downward Flow theory) posits that fashion is dictated by the elite and eventually copied by the lower socioeconomic classes.
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7Which theory is also known as the 'Bubble-up' theory?
A.Trickle-down Theory
B.Trickle-up Theory
C.Mass Market Theory
D.Conspicuous Consumption
Correct Answer: Trickle-up Theory
Explanation:The Trickle-up theory is often called the 'Bubble-up' theory because trends start on the streets or in subcultures and rise to influence high fashion designers.
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8Fast fashion and modern mass media have most heavily influenced which fashion theory?
A.Trickle-across Theory
B.Trickle-down Theory
C.Recurring Theory
D.Classic Theory
Correct Answer: Trickle-across Theory
Explanation:The Trickle-across theory (Mass Market theory) relies on modern communication and manufacturing to make trends available to all social classes simultaneously.
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9Tattered jeans, grunge, and punk styles influencing high-end runways are examples of:
A.Trickle-down
B.Trickle-up
C.Trickle-across
D.Classic Cycle
Correct Answer: Trickle-up
Explanation:These styles originated in youth subcultures and street wear before being adopted by luxury designers, illustrating the Trickle-up phenomenon.
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10The Trickle-across theory argues that fashion adoption moves:
A.Vertically through social classes
B.Horizontally within social strata simultaneously
C.From older generations to younger generations
D.From Paris solely to New York
Correct Answer: Horizontally within social strata simultaneously
Explanation:Trickle-across suggests that due to mass production, new styles are available to the leader of each social group at the same time.
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11Who founded the brand Chanel?
A.Christian Chanel
B.Gabrielle 'Coco' Chanel
C.Karl Chanel
D.Donatella Chanel
Correct Answer: Gabrielle 'Coco' Chanel
Explanation:Gabrielle 'Coco' Chanel founded the iconic French fashion house in 1910.
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12Which designer was known for revitalizing Chanel from 1983 until his death in 2019?
A.Yves Saint Laurent
B.Tom Ford
C.Karl Lagerfeld
D.Alessandro Michele
Correct Answer: Karl Lagerfeld
Explanation:Karl Lagerfeld was the creative director who modernized Chanel while keeping its traditional codes intact.
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13The Chanel '2.55' bag is famous for introducing which functional feature to women's handbags?
A.A zipper closure
B.Shoulder straps
C.Waterproof leather
D.Hidden compartments
Correct Answer: Shoulder straps
Explanation:Coco Chanel introduced the shoulder strap to free women's hands, which was a revolutionary change from clutch bags at the time.
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14Which perfume is arguably the most famous product of the House of Chanel?
A.J'adore
B.Chanel No. 5
C.Miss Dior
D.Opium
Correct Answer: Chanel No. 5
Explanation:Chanel No. 5, launched in 1921, is the world's most iconic perfume.
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15What type of fabric is synonymous with the iconic Chanel suit?
A.Denim
B.Tweed
C.Velvet
D.Polyester
Correct Answer: Tweed
Explanation:The Tweed suit is a signature element of the Chanel brand identity.
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16Louis Vuitton started his career in Paris as a:
A.Hat maker
B.Trunk maker and packer
C.Dressmaker
D.Shoe cobbler
Correct Answer: Trunk maker and packer
Explanation:Louis Vuitton founded his brand in 1854 as a box-maker and packer (layetier-emballeur) for the French elite.
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17Which pattern involves the interlocking 'LV' initials and floral motifs?
A.Damier Canvas
B.Monogram Canvas
C.Cannage
D.Barocco
Correct Answer: Monogram Canvas
Explanation:The Monogram Canvas was created by George Vuitton (Louis's son) in 1896 to prevent counterfeiting.
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18Who was the artistic director responsible for launching Louis Vuitton's first ready-to-wear clothing line in 1997?
A.Marc Jacobs
B.Nicolas Ghesquière
C.Kim Jones
D.Virgil Abloh
Correct Answer: Marc Jacobs
Explanation:Marc Jacobs transformed LV from a luggage company into a global fashion powerhouse with ready-to-wear collections.
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19The 'Damier' pattern by Louis Vuitton is characterized by:
A.Floral prints
B.A checkerboard design
C.Leopard spots
D.Vertical stripes
Correct Answer: A checkerboard design
Explanation:The Damier canvas is the famous checkerboard pattern, which actually predates the Monogram.
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20Louis Vuitton is the flagship brand of which luxury conglomerate?
A.Kering
B.Richemont
C.LVMH
D.Capri Holdings
Correct Answer: LVMH
Explanation:LVMH stands for Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton.
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21Guccio Gucci founded the House of Gucci in which city?
A.Milan
B.Rome
C.Florence
D.Venice
Correct Answer: Florence
Explanation:Guccio Gucci founded the brand in Florence, Italy, in 1921.
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22Which American designer is credited with saving Gucci from bankruptcy in the 1990s with his 'Porno Chic' aesthetic?
A.Marc Jacobs
B.Tom Ford
C.Calvin Klein
D.Ralph Lauren
Correct Answer: Tom Ford
Explanation:Tom Ford revitalized Gucci in the 90s with provocative designs and marketing.
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23The 'Bamboo Bag', featuring a handle made of heated bamboo, is an icon of which brand?
A.Prada
B.Gucci
C.Fendi
D.Hermès
Correct Answer: Gucci
Explanation:Due to material shortages in WWII, Gucci innovated by using bamboo for bag handles.
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24Which motif is commonly associated with Gucci's equestrian heritage?
A.The Horsebit
B.The Anchor
C.The Skull
D.The Camellia
Correct Answer: The Horsebit
Explanation:The Horsebit (snaffle bit) is a signature hardware detail found on Gucci loafers and bags.
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25Alessandro Michele, a recent creative director of Gucci, was known for which aesthetic?
A.Minimalism
B.Maximalism and Gender-fluidity
C.Military utility
D.Monochrome futuristic
Correct Answer: Maximalism and Gender-fluidity
Explanation:Michele introduced a 'Geek Chic', maximalist, and eclectic aesthetic that redefined the brand in the 2010s.
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26Who founded the brand Versace?
A.Donatella Versace
B.Gianni Versace
C.Santo Versace
D.Allegra Versace
Correct Answer: Gianni Versace
Explanation:Gianni Versace founded the brand in 1978.
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27What is the logo of the Versace brand?
A.A lion
B.The head of Medusa
C.A crown
D.Interlocking V's
Correct Answer: The head of Medusa
Explanation:Gianni chose Medusa because she made people fall in love with her and they had no way back.
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28Which famous dress worn by Elizabeth Hurley in 1994 brought massive media attention to Versace?
A.The Meat Dress
B.The Safety Pin Dress
C.The Revenge Dress
D.The Mondrian Dress
Correct Answer: The Safety Pin Dress
Explanation:The black Neo-punk Safety Pin dress is one of Versace's most iconic creations.
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29Who took over as Creative Director of Versace after Gianni's tragic murder in 1997?
A.His brother Santo
B.His sister Donatella
C.Giorgio Armani
D.Mario Testino
Correct Answer: His sister Donatella
Explanation:Donatella Versace took over the creative direction and has led the brand since.
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30Versace is best known for its use of:
A.Subtle beige tones
B.Bold Baroque prints and bright colors
C.Strictly minimalist tailoring
D.Eco-friendly hemp fabrics
Correct Answer: Bold Baroque prints and bright colors
Explanation:The brand is synonymous with opulence, Baroque prints, gold, and vibrant colors.
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31In 1947, Christian Dior launched his first collection which was dubbed:
A.The New Look
B.Le Smoking
C.The Space Age
D.The Grunge Collection
Correct Answer: The New Look
Explanation:Carmel Snow of Harper's Bazaar exclaimed, 'It's such a New Look!', coining the historic term.
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32The 'New Look' was famous for:
A.Boxy shoulders and short skirts
B.Cinched waists and full, voluminous skirts
C.Trousers for women
D.Synthetic fabrics
Correct Answer: Cinched waists and full, voluminous skirts
Explanation:It reintroduced femininity and opulence after the austerity of WWII with cinched waists and full skirts.
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33What is the name of the iconic structured jacket introduced by Dior in 1947?
A.The Tweed Jacket
B.The Bar Jacket
C.The Safari Jacket
D.The Bomber Jacket
Correct Answer: The Bar Jacket
Explanation:The Bar Jacket is a masterwork of construction, accentuating the waist and hips.
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34The 'Lady Dior' bag was named in honor of which public figure?
A.Lady Gaga
B.Princess Diana (Lady Di)
C.Jackie Kennedy
D.Madonna
Correct Answer: Princess Diana (Lady Di)
Explanation:The bag was gifted to Princess Diana in 1995, became her favorite, and was subsequently renamed Lady Dior.
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35Who is the current (as of 2023/2024) creative director of Dior Women's collections, known for feminist slogan tees?
A.John Galliano
B.Raf Simons
C.Maria Grazia Chiuri
D.Phoebe Philo
Correct Answer: Maria Grazia Chiuri
Explanation:Maria Grazia Chiuri is the first woman to lead the creative side of the house of Dior.
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36Which sociologist is associated with the concept of 'Conspicuous Consumption' in relation to the Trickle-down theory?
A.Thorstein Veblen
B.Georg Simmel
C.Charles King
D.Coco Chanel
Correct Answer: Thorstein Veblen
Explanation:Veblen described how the wealthy use fashion to display their status (conspicuous consumption), driving the trickle-down effect.
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37In the 'Trickle-across' theory, who plays the most vital role in spreading trends?
A.Royalty
B.Mass media and influencers
C.High-end tailors
D.Museum curators
Correct Answer: Mass media and influencers
Explanation:Mass media ensures that information about new styles reaches all consumers almost immediately.
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38Which of these is NOT a stage in the fashion cycle?
A.Introduction
B.Rise
C.Stagnation
D.Decline
Correct Answer: Stagnation
Explanation:The standard stages are Introduction, Rise, Peak, Decline, and Obsolescence. Stagnation is not a standard term in this model.
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39The 'Green Dress' worn by Jennifer Lopez that inspired the creation of Google Images was designed by:
A.Gucci
B.Versace
C.Dior
D.Chanel
Correct Answer: Versace
Explanation:The Jungle Print dress worn by J-Lo to the Grammys in 2000 was a Versace design.
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40Which brand uses the 'Cannage' (cane work) pattern as a key identifier, often found on their bags?
A.Louis Vuitton
B.Chanel
C.Dior
D.Gucci
Correct Answer: Dior
Explanation:The Cannage motif is inspired by the Napoleon III chairs used in Christian Dior's salons.
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41When a fashion cycle has a slow rise, a plateau of popularity, and a slow decline, it is most likely a:
A.Fad
B.Trend
C.Flop
D.Seasonal item
Correct Answer: Trend
Explanation:Unlike a fad (spike) or a classic (straight line), a standard trend follows a bell curve with a measurable rise and fall.
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42The interlocking 'GG' logo represents:
A.Greta Garbo
B.Guccio Gucci
C.Gianni Gaultier
D.Golden Globe
Correct Answer: Guccio Gucci
Explanation:The GG stands for the founder, Guccio Gucci.
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43Which brand did John Galliano famously design for before being dismissed in 2011?
A.Chanel
B.Dior
C.Versace
D.Prada
Correct Answer: Dior
Explanation:John Galliano was the theatrical and controversial creative director of Dior from 1996 to 2011.
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44Which theory assumes there are fashion leaders and followers in every social class?
A.Trickle-down
B.Trickle-across
C.Trickle-up
D.Traditional Theory
Correct Answer: Trickle-across
Explanation:Trickle-across (or King's theory) suggests influence moves horizontally within groups, driven by local opinion leaders.
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45A silhouette that emphasizes the shoulders (like 1980s power suits) returning to fashion in the 2020s is an example of:
A.Fad
B.Recurring Cycle
C.Interrupted Cycle
D.Trickle-down
Correct Answer: Recurring Cycle
Explanation:This is a recurring cycle, where a specific silhouette comes back into fashion after a long absence.
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46The 'Keepall' and 'Speedy' are famous bag models from:
A.Gucci
B.Louis Vuitton
C.Chanel
D.Dior
Correct Answer: Louis Vuitton
Explanation:These are iconic travel and city bags produced by Louis Vuitton.
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47Which brand is associated with the 'Flora' print, originally designed for Grace Kelly?
A.Versace
B.Dior
C.Gucci
D.Chanel
Correct Answer: Gucci
Explanation:Rodolfo Gucci commissioned the Flora scarf for Princess Grace of Monaco in 1966.
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48Coco Chanel's 'Little Black Dress' was compared to which automobile by Vogue in 1926?
A.The Ford Model T
B.The Rolls Royce
C.The Ferrari
D.The Volkswagen Beetle
Correct Answer: The Ford Model T
Explanation:Vogue called it 'The Ford' of fashion, implying it was simple, accessible, and standard for everyone, like the Model T.
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49Which designer worked for Louis Vuitton as the Men's Artistic Director and founded the brand Off-White?
A.Kanye West
B.Virgil Abloh
C.Pharrell Williams
D.Demna Gvasalia
Correct Answer: Virgil Abloh
Explanation:Virgil Abloh was a pivotal figure bridging streetwear and luxury at Louis Vuitton until his passing.
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50The fashion adoption stage where 'Fashion Innovators' and 'Early Adopters' purchase the item is known as:
A.Introduction/Rise
B.Peak
C.Decline
D.Obsolescence
Correct Answer: Introduction/Rise
Explanation:Innovators and Early Adopters are active during the Introduction and Rise phases, before the trend hits the mass market peak.
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