Pigeon pea is sensitive to prolonged waterlogging. Surface drainage removes excess water and restores aeration around the roots.
Incorrect! Try again.
25Which field is most suitable for establishing a rainfed pigeon pea crop?
Pigeon pea: soil and climatic requirements
Medium
A.A flooded clay field with poor drainage
B.A coarse dune with no moisture storage
C.A well-drained loam with moderate fertility
D.A highly acidic peat soil under shade
Correct Answer: A well-drained loam with moderate fertility
Explanation:
Pigeon pea performs best in well-drained loam to clay-loam soils that store moisture without remaining waterlogged.
Incorrect! Try again.
26A farmer needs an early-maturing pigeon pea variety to fit into a pigeon pea-wheat sequence. Which variety is the most appropriate choice?
Pigeon pea: varieties
Medium
A.Bahar
B.Narendra Arhar 1
C.UPAS 120
D.MAL 13
Correct Answer: UPAS 120
Explanation:
UPAS 120 is an early-maturing pigeon pea variety and is suitable where timely field release is needed for a succeeding wheat crop.
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27Pigeon pea is planted at spacing. Approximately how many planting positions are available per hectare?
Pigeon pea: cultural practices and yield
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Area per position is . Therefore, positions per hectare are .
Incorrect! Try again.
28A farmer wants to suppress early weeds in a wide-spaced pigeon pea crop while improving soil aeration. Which operation is most suitable?
Pigeon pea: cultural practices and yield
Medium
A.Removing lower branches at flowering
B.Continuous flooding during early growth
C.Inter-row hoeing during early growth
D.Harvesting the crop before pod formation
Correct Answer: Inter-row hoeing during early growth
Explanation:
Early inter-row hoeing controls weeds, breaks surface crusts, and improves soil aeration in wide-spaced pigeon pea.
Incorrect! Try again.
29In a cereal-pigeon pea intercropping system, what is the main agronomic reason for arranging crops in distinct row ratios?
Pigeon pea: cultural practices and yield
Medium
A.To eliminate the need for weed control
B.To make both crops equally shade tolerant
C.To reduce competition and ease field operations
D.To ensure both crops mature on one date
Correct Answer: To reduce competition and ease field operations
Explanation:
A planned row arrangement improves the use of light, water, and nutrients while allowing interculture and crop-specific management.
Incorrect! Try again.
30A pigeon pea field of ha produces kg of clean grain. What is the grain yield in quintals per hectare?
Pigeon pea: cultural practices and yield
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Yield is . Since one quintal is kg, the yield is .
Incorrect! Try again.
31A researcher studying the domestication of both mung bean and urd bean would most reasonably focus initial archaeological and genetic sampling in which region?
Mung bean and urd bean: origin
Medium
A.Northern Scandinavia
B.Central Australia
C.Southern South America
D.Indian subcontinent
Correct Answer: Indian subcontinent
Explanation:
The Indian subcontinent is recognized as an important centre of origin and domestication for both mung bean and urd bean.
Incorrect! Try again.
32Why can short-duration mung bean varieties be cultivated in several different seasons across India?
Mung bean and urd bean: geographical distribution
Medium
A.They remain dormant through the warm season
B.They need prolonged frost for flowering
C.They require permanent standing water
D.They fit into brief periods between major crops
Correct Answer: They fit into brief periods between major crops
Explanation:
Many mung bean varieties mature quickly, allowing the crop to fit into kharif, summer, or spring windows between major crops.
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33A cereal-based farm includes mung bean as a catch crop. Besides grain income, which benefit is most relevant to the following cereal crop?
Mung bean and urd bean: economic importance
Medium
A.Permanent elimination of all soil pathogens
B.Complete replacement of irrigation requirements
C.Conversion of saline soil into neutral soil
D.Biological nitrogen addition through nodulation
Correct Answer: Biological nitrogen addition through nodulation
Explanation:
Rhizobium in mung bean root nodules fixes atmospheric nitrogen, and part of this nitrogen can benefit soil fertility and the following crop.
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34A nutrition programme must choose between polished rice and urd bean to improve dietary protein intake. Why is urd bean the better addition?
Mung bean and urd bean: economic importance
Medium
A.It supplies substantially more starch
B.It is composed mainly of edible oil
C.It supplies substantially more protein
D.It contains no dietary fibre
Correct Answer: It supplies substantially more protein
Explanation:
Urd bean grain is protein-rich and complements cereal-based diets, which are generally lower in protein quality and quantity.
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35A low-lying field is frequently waterlogged after monsoon showers. Why is it risky for mung bean and urd bean cultivation?
Mung bean and urd bean: soil and climatic requirements
Medium
A.Wet soil prevents all vegetative growth
B.Poor aeration restricts roots and nodules
C.Excess water causes immediate seed dormancy
D.High moisture always delays seed germination
Correct Answer: Poor aeration restricts roots and nodules
Explanation:
Both crops require well-drained soil. Waterlogging lowers root-zone oxygen, impairs nodulation, and increases the risk of root diseases.
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36Mung bean flowering coincides with several days of continuous heavy rain. Which outcome is most likely?
Mung bean and urd bean: soil and climatic requirements
Medium
A.Greater nodulation without disease risk
B.Reduced pollination and increased flower drop
C.Immediate maturity with larger seeds
D.Improved pod set and uniform seed filling
Correct Answer: Reduced pollination and increased flower drop
Explanation:
Continuous rain and high humidity during flowering can cause flower drop, interfere with pollination, and encourage disease development.
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37A farmer wants a short-duration mung bean variety suitable for intensive cropping and known for resistance to mung bean yellow mosaic virus. Which variety is an appropriate choice?
Mung bean and urd bean: varieties
Medium
A.SML 668
B.T 9
C.Bahar
D.UPAS 120
Correct Answer: SML 668
Explanation:
SML 668 is a short-duration mung bean variety known for resistance to mung bean yellow mosaic virus and suitability for intensive systems.
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38A seed lot is labelled T 9 and is recommended for kharif pulse production. To which crop does this variety belong?
Mung bean and urd bean: varieties
Medium
A.Pigeon pea
B.Cowpea
C.Mung bean
D.Urd bean
Correct Answer: Urd bean
Explanation:
T 9 is a well-known urd bean variety. Correct varietal identification is important when selecting seed for a production programme.
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39An uninoculated field has not grown mung bean for several years. Which seed treatment is most likely to improve nodulation?
Mung bean and urd bean: cultural practices and yield
Medium
Inoculating seed with an effective crop-specific Rhizobium strain promotes nodulation and biological nitrogen fixation, especially in fields lacking suitable bacteria.
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40A ha mung bean field has a target yield of . If harvest and post-harvest losses are expected to be , what marketable grain quantity should be expected?
Mung bean and urd bean: cultural practices and yield
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Gross production is q. After a loss, marketable grain is q.
Incorrect! Try again.
41Which combination of evidence most strongly supports the Indian subcontinent as the primary center of domestication of pigeon pea?
Pigeon pea: origin
Hard
A.Perennial wild relatives and mechanized pigeon pea cultivation occurring in Australia
B.Maximum modern cultivation area and numerous processing industries occurring in Africa
C.High present-day yields and extensive commercial breeding occurring in the Americas
D.Ancient seed remains and closely related wild Cajanus species occurring in India
Correct Answer: Ancient seed remains and closely related wild Cajanus species occurring in India
Explanation:
Archaeobotanical remains, genetic diversity, and the occurrence of closely related wild Cajanus taxa collectively support domestication in the Indian subcontinent.
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42Why have short-duration, relatively photoperiod-insensitive pigeon pea varieties expanded cultivation into subtropical regions more effectively than traditional long-duration varieties?
Pigeon pea: geographical distribution
Hard
A.They remain vegetative until winter rainfall replenishes the soil profile
B.They complete reproduction before low-temperature or frost injury becomes likely
C.They tolerate prolonged soil submergence during the late monsoon season
D.They require longer nights and lower temperatures to initiate flowering
Correct Answer: They complete reproduction before low-temperature or frost injury becomes likely
Explanation:
Short-duration, less photoperiod-sensitive varieties flower and mature earlier, allowing them to escape terminal cold and fit into intensive cropping systems.
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43Sole pigeon pea and sole sorghum yield and t ha, respectively. Their intercrop yields are and t ha. What is the land equivalent ratio and its correct interpretation?
Pigeon pea: economic importance
Hard
A.; the intercrop has a land-use advantage
B.; the intercrop has a land-use advantage
C.; the sole crops have a land-use advantage
D.; the intercrop has a land-use advantage
Correct Answer: ; the intercrop has a land-use advantage
Explanation:
. Thus, sole crops would require more land to produce the intercrop yields.
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44A deep Vertisol stores enough water for pigeon pea, but intense monsoon rainfall causes temporary saturation and subsequent wilt incidence. Which intervention best addresses the principal soil-related constraint?
Pigeon pea: soil and climatic requirements
Hard
A.Increase sowing depth so roots remain below the saturated surface horizon
B.Provide broad-bed-and-furrow drainage while retaining stored subsoil moisture
C.Apply frequent irrigation to maintain a uniformly wet root-zone environment
D.Compact the seedbed to reduce infiltration and conserve surface soil moisture
Correct Answer: Provide broad-bed-and-furrow drainage while retaining stored subsoil moisture
Explanation:
Pigeon pea benefits from deep moisture storage but is sensitive to waterlogging. Broad beds and furrows remove excess surface water while preserving deeper moisture.
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45A farmer needs pigeon pea to mature in approximately 120–130 days so that wheat can be sown on time. Which varietal choice is most consistent with this objective?
Pigeon pea: varieties
Hard
A.MAL 13, selected primarily for its medium-late maturity
B.Gwalior 3, selected primarily for its traditional long duration
C.UPAS 120, selected primarily for its early maturity
D.Bahar, selected primarily for its long-duration growth
Correct Answer: UPAS 120, selected primarily for its early maturity
Explanation:
UPAS 120 is an early pigeon pea variety commonly associated with short-duration systems and timely planting of the succeeding wheat crop.
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46In a field with recurring Fusarium wilt and sterility mosaic disease, which pigeon pea variety is the most appropriate among the following choices?
Pigeon pea: varieties
Hard
A.Prabhat, emphasizing short duration rather than dual resistance
B.UPAS 120, emphasizing earliness rather than dual resistance
C.T 21, representing an older selection with limited dual protection
D.ICPL 87119 (Asha), combining wilt and sterility mosaic tolerance
ICPL 87119, popularly known as Asha, is valued for broad adaptation and resistance or tolerance to major pigeon pea diseases, including wilt and sterility mosaic.
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47Pigeon pea is planted at cm with one plant per hill. Germination is , physical purity is , expected field establishment is , and thousand-seed weight is g. Approximately how much seed is required per hectare?
Pigeon pea: cultural practices
Hard
A. kg ha
B. kg ha
C. kg ha
D. kg ha
Correct Answer: kg ha
Explanation:
The target population is . Adjusting for germination, purity, and establishment gives about seeds, equivalent to approximately kg.
Incorrect! Try again.
48A pigeon pea crop produces t ha of total above-ground dry matter with a harvest index of . If harvesting and processing losses equal of grain yield, what is the approximate marketable yield?
Pigeon pea: yield
Hard
A. t ha
B. t ha
C. t ha
D. t ha
Correct Answer: t ha
Explanation:
Potential grain yield is t ha. Marketable yield is t ha.
Incorrect! Try again.
49Which statement best represents the accepted domestication history of mung bean and urd bean?
Mung bean and urd bean: origin
Hard
A.Mung bean originated in America, whereas urd bean originated in Central Asia
B.Both were domesticated in South Asia from distinct wild progenitor populations
C.Mung bean originated in Europe, whereas urd bean originated in Southeast Africa
D.Both were domesticated in East Africa from a common wild progenitor population
Correct Answer: Both were domesticated in South Asia from distinct wild progenitor populations
Explanation:
Mung bean and urd bean are both considered South Asian domesticates, although each arose from its own wild progenitor within the Vigna gene pool.
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50Which combination of crop traits most directly explains the geographical expansion of mung bean and urd bean into rice-fallow systems?
Mung bean and urd bean: geographical distribution
Hard
A.Long duration, flooding tolerance, and a requirement for puddled seedbeds
B.Cold requirement, deep dormancy, and suitability for prolonged winter conditions
C.Short duration, residual-moisture use, and suitability for low-tillage establishment
D.Perennial growth, shade dependence, and a requirement for standing irrigation water
Correct Answer: Short duration, residual-moisture use, and suitability for low-tillage establishment
Explanation:
Short-duration mung bean and urd bean can use residual moisture after rice and may be established with limited tillage before the soil dries excessively.
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51A farmer claims that all nitrogen fixed by a mung bean crop becomes available to the succeeding cereal. Which evaluation is agronomically most accurate?
Mung bean and urd bean: economic importance
Hard
A.The claim is incorrect because grain removal exports part of the accumulated nitrogen
B.The claim is incorrect because legumes cannot contribute nitrogen to subsequent crops
C.The claim is correct because biological fixation remains entirely in the soil
D.The claim is correct only when the mung bean crop receives high fertilizer nitrogen
Correct Answer: The claim is incorrect because grain removal exports part of the accumulated nitrogen
Explanation:
Biological fixation adds nitrogen to the crop-soil system, but harvested grain removes substantial nitrogen. Root biomass, nodules, fallen leaves, and retained residues provide the main residual benefit.
Incorrect! Try again.
52A 75-day monsoon-season field has fertile clay soil but commonly experiences 48 hours of surface ponding after heavy rainfall. What should receive priority before selecting a mung bean or urd bean variety?
Mung bean and urd bean: soil and climatic requirements
Hard
A.Apply additional nitrogen to stimulate root activity under submerged conditions
B.Construct surface drainage or raised beds to prevent root-zone saturation
C.Delay all weed control so weeds can remove excess water through transpiration
D.Increase seed rate to compensate for oxygen deficiency around established roots
Correct Answer: Construct surface drainage or raised beds to prevent root-zone saturation
Explanation:
Both crops are sensitive to waterlogging because saturated soil restricts root respiration and nodulation. Drainage is therefore more fundamental than increasing seed or fertilizer rates.
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53A strongly acidic field has low calcium availability, aluminium toxicity, and poor nodulation despite adequate moisture. Which management strategy is most appropriate for mung bean or urd bean?
Mung bean and urd bean: soil and climatic requirements
Hard
A.Apply lime according to soil requirement and use an effective Rhizobium inoculant
B.Apply sodium chloride to replace aluminium and improve biological nitrogen fixation
C.Maintain continuous saturation so aluminium is displaced from the exchange complex
D.Apply ammonium fertilizer heavily and omit inoculation until soil acidity increases
Correct Answer: Apply lime according to soil requirement and use an effective Rhizobium inoculant
Explanation:
Liming reduces aluminium toxicity and improves calcium availability and rhizobial activity. Inoculation then supports effective nodulation where compatible native rhizobia are inadequate.
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54Which varietal classification is internally consistent?
Mung bean and urd bean: varieties
Hard
A.SML 668—mung bean; T-9—urd bean
B.UPAS 120—mung bean; SML 668—urd bean
C.ICPL 87119—mung bean; Pant Urd 31—pigeon pea
D.T-9—mung bean; Pusa Vishal—urd bean
Correct Answer: SML 668—mung bean; T-9—urd bean
Explanation:
SML 668 is a mung bean variety, whereas T-9 is a well-known urd bean variety. UPAS 120 and ICPL 87119 are pigeon pea varieties.
Incorrect! Try again.
55Four mung bean varieties produced the following yields across three disease-prone environments: SML 668—; Pusa Vishal—; Samrat—; IPM 02-3— t ha. Under a maximin risk criterion, which variety should be selected?
Mung bean and urd bean: varieties
Hard
A.IPM 02-3
B.SML 668
C.Samrat
D.Pusa Vishal
Correct Answer: IPM 02-3
Explanation:
The maximin criterion selects the variety with the highest minimum yield. The minimum yields are , , , and t ha, respectively.
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56Mung bean is planted at cm with one plant per hill. Germination is , purity is , field establishment is , and thousand-seed weight is g. What is the approximate seed requirement per hectare?
Mung bean and urd bean: cultural practices
Hard
A. kg ha
B. kg ha
C. kg ha
D. kg ha
Correct Answer: kg ha
Explanation:
The target population is plants ha. Correcting for germination, purity, and establishment gives about seeds, which weigh approximately kg.
Incorrect! Try again.
57An urd bean field has severe early weed pressure, but frequent monsoon rain may prevent timely manual weeding. Which strategy offers the most reliable integrated control?
Mung bean and urd bean: cultural practices
Hard
A.Postpone control until flowering and then perform one deep inter-row cultivation
B.Use a suitable pre-emergence herbicide followed by one need-based interculture
C.Increase nitrogen application so crop growth suppresses weeds throughout the season
D.Use repeated deep cultivation after emergence to destroy each new weed flush
Correct Answer: Use a suitable pre-emergence herbicide followed by one need-based interculture
Explanation:
Early weed competition strongly reduces pulse yield. A pre-emergence herbicide provides initial control, while need-based interculture manages escapes without depending entirely on one operation.
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58A soil test shows low phosphorus and sulfur but adequate available nitrogen. Which nutrient plan best supports mung bean productivity and biological nitrogen fixation?
Mung bean and urd bean: cultural practices
Hard
A.Apply soil-test-based phosphorus and sulfur with only a small starter dose of nitrogen
B.Apply nitrogen entirely at flowering and omit sulfur because pulses require little protein
C.Apply a large nitrogen dose and omit phosphorus because nodules supply phosphorus
D.Apply phosphorus only as a late foliar spray and suppress nodulation with mineral nitrogen
Correct Answer: Apply soil-test-based phosphorus and sulfur with only a small starter dose of nitrogen
Explanation:
Phosphorus supports root development and nodulation, while sulfur is important for protein synthesis. Excess nitrogen can suppress nodulation, so only a modest starter dose is generally justified.
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59In a yellow mosaic disease hotspot, which production package is most likely to protect mung bean or urd bean yield sustainably?
Mung bean and urd bean: cultural practices
Hard
A.Use a locally resistant variety, timely sowing, sanitation, and need-based whitefly management
B.Use untreated farm seed and delay vector control until most plants show mosaic symptoms
C.Use a susceptible variety, late sowing, dense planting, and repeated nitrogen top-dressing
D.Use any high-yielding variety and rely exclusively on calendar-based fungicide applications
Correct Answer: Use a locally resistant variety, timely sowing, sanitation, and need-based whitefly management
Explanation:
Yellow mosaic is viral and is transmitted mainly by whiteflies. Resistant varieties combined with timely sowing, sanitation, and vector management are more effective than reliance on pesticides alone.
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60A mung bean field has productive plants ha, pods per plant, seeds per pod, and a thousand-seed weight of g. If field and processing losses total , what is the approximate marketable grain yield?
Mung bean and urd bean: yield
Hard
A. t ha
B. t ha
C. t ha
D. t ha
Correct Answer: t ha
Explanation:
The theoretical yield is t ha. After losses, marketable yield is approximately t ha.
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