Unit 3: Organization - Basic Concepts & Principles - Practice Quiz

PBA115 — Introduction To Public Administration 60 Questions
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1 What is an organization?

Meaning, basis and forms Easy
A. A list of government rules
B. A group of people working toward common goals
C. A collection of unrelated activities
D. A single person's private task

2 Which of the following is a basic basis of organization?

Meaning, basis and forms Easy
A. Individual isolation
B. Random decisions
C. Personal hobbies
D. Common objectives

3 Which form of organization is based on official rules and procedures?

Meaning, basis and forms Easy
A. Informal organization
B. Personal network
C. Social gathering
D. Formal organization

4 What does division of work mean?

Division of work Easy
A. Avoiding cooperation among workers
B. Removing all job positions
C. Sharing tasks among workers
D. Giving every worker the same task

5 What is a main advantage of division of work?

Division of work Easy
A. More confusion
B. Greater specialization
C. Less responsibility
D. Fewer skills

6 What does hierarchy refer to in an organization?

Hierarchy Easy
A. A system without leaders
B. A group of equal tasks
C. A ranking of positions
D. A list of office supplies

7 In a hierarchy, who usually has greater formal authority?

Hierarchy Easy
A. A higher-level official
B. A newly appointed trainee
C. A lower-level assistant
D. A temporary visitor

8 What is the chain of command?

Hierarchy Easy
A. A record of employee attendance
B. A schedule of public holidays
C. A method of sharing office space
D. A line of authority from top to bottom

9 What is the principle of unity of command?

Unity of command Easy
A. All employees report directly to the public
B. One employee has several unrelated jobs
C. No employee receives instructions
D. One employee reports to one immediate superior

10 What problem can unity of command help prevent?

Unity of command Easy
A. Organized reporting
B. Conflicting instructions
C. Clear responsibility
D. Proper supervision

11 What is span of control?

Span of control Easy
A. The number of subordinates supervised by a manager
B. The number of buildings owned by an agency
C. The amount of money in an office
D. The length of an employee's service

12 A manager with many direct subordinates has what type of span of control?

Span of control Easy
A. A wide span
B. A broken span
C. A closed span
D. A narrow span

13 What is authority in an organization?

Authority, power and responsibility Easy
A. The right to give orders
B. The habit of ignoring rules
C. The desire to avoid work
D. The ability to leave an office

14 What does power generally mean?

Authority, power and responsibility Easy
A. The ability to influence others
B. The absence of decision-making
C. The duty to follow schedules
D. The process of writing reports

15 What is responsibility?

Authority, power and responsibility Easy
A. The freedom to avoid objectives
B. The duty to perform assigned tasks
C. The power to cancel all rules
D. The right to ignore instructions

16 What is centralization?

Centralization and decentralization Easy
A. Concentration of decision-making at the top
B. Removal of all managerial positions
C. Distribution of decisions among all citizens
D. Transfer of every task to local offices

17 What is decentralization?

Centralization and decentralization Easy
A. Elimination of organizational authority
B. Distribution of authority to lower levels
C. Concentration of authority in one office
D. Restriction of decisions to senior officials

18 Which system usually allows local officials more decision-making freedom?

Centralization and decentralization Easy
A. Strict supervision
B. Decentralization
C. Centralization
D. Complete uniformity

19 What is delegation?

Delegation Easy
A. Keeping all decisions with one employee
B. Removing every duty from an organization
C. Refusing to share organizational work
D. Assigning authority and tasks to a subordinate

20 What should a manager provide when delegating a task?

Delegation Easy
A. Unrelated duties
B. Unclear instructions
C. Sufficient authority
D. No necessary resources

21 A public health department groups its activities into planning, vaccination, disease surveillance, and health education units. Which organizational principle is most directly illustrated?

Meaning, basis and forms Medium
A. Grouping decisions by political influence
B. Grouping activities by function
C. Grouping employees by seniority
D. Grouping services by personal preference

22 A government agency creates regional offices because service needs differ significantly across districts. Which basis of organization is being used?

Meaning, basis and forms Medium
A. Personal-authority basis
B. Geographical basis
C. Customer-ranking basis
D. Functional basis

23 In a licensing office, one group verifies documents while another conducts field inspections. What is the main advantage of this arrangement?

Division of work Medium
A. Complete staff independence
B. Greater specialization
C. Removal of all supervision
D. Elimination of formal procedures

24 A municipal office divides a complex housing program among assessment, finance, construction, and monitoring teams. If coordination is not improved, what problem is most likely?

Division of work Medium
A. Reduction in employee expertise
B. Automatic decision centralization
C. Elimination of departmental goals
D. Task duplication and gaps

25 A junior officer must submit a proposal to a section head, who forwards it to a director before final approval. Which concept does this process demonstrate?

Hierarchy Medium
A. Scalar hierarchy
B. Informal coordination
C. Unity of purpose
D. Functional autonomy

26 Which situation best reflects an effective hierarchy in a public organization?

Hierarchy Medium
A. Units operate without supervision
B. Instructions bypass responsible managers
C. All employees approve policies
D. Reporting relationships are clear

27 An officer receives conflicting deadlines from two supervisors for the same assignment. Which principle has most clearly been violated?

Unity of command Medium
A. Decentralization
B. Unity of command
C. Division of work
D. Span of control

28 A project team reports administratively to a department head but receives technical guidance from a specialist adviser. Why might this arrangement still preserve unity of command?

Unity of command Medium
A. The adviser controls every personnel decision
B. The department head remains the formal supervisor
C. The team has no assigned reporting relationship
D. All instructions are treated as equally binding

29 A manager supervises 18 employees performing varied and complex tasks. Several decisions are delayed because the manager cannot review them promptly. What is the most likely issue?

Span of control Medium
A. The span of control is too wide
B. The hierarchy is too short
C. Division of work is completely absent
D. Authority has been fully decentralized

30 Which factor would most likely allow a manager to supervise a larger number of employees effectively?

Span of control Medium
A. Standardized routine procedures
B. Frequent changes in responsibilities
C. Limited communication channels
D. Highly unpredictable assignments

31 A director is formally authorized to approve procurement contracts within a prescribed limit. This formal right represents which concept?

Authority, power and responsibility Medium
A. Responsibility
B. Authority
C. Personal charisma
D. Influence

32 An experienced officer persuades colleagues to adopt a new procedure even though she holds no formal supervisory post. This demonstrates:

Authority, power and responsibility Medium
A. Legal accountability
B. Informal power
C. Delegated authority
D. Assigned responsibility

33 A manager assigns an officer responsibility for preparing a budget but gives no access to relevant financial records. Which organizational problem results?

Authority, power and responsibility Medium
A. Responsibility without adequate authority
B. Excessive unity of command
C. Authority without any responsibility
D. Appropriate centralization

34 A national ministry requires every regional office to obtain headquarters approval before adapting services to local conditions. This reflects:

Centralization and decentralization Medium
A. Delegation without control
B. Centralization
C. Decentralization
D. Complete functional autonomy

35 A department allows district offices to modify service schedules according to local demand while retaining national standards. What is the main benefit?

Centralization and decentralization Medium
A. Removal of national coordination
B. Uniformity in every local decision
C. Elimination of managerial accountability
D. Greater local responsiveness

36 During a national emergency, a government temporarily concentrates purchasing decisions in one central committee. Why might this be appropriate?

Centralization and decentralization Medium
A. It guarantees that local knowledge is superior
B. It ensures every unit makes separate decisions
C. It removes the need for administrative rules
D. It can coordinate scarce resources quickly

37 A department head authorizes a deputy to approve routine leave requests but continues to monitor overall personnel administration. Which process is illustrated?

Delegation Medium
A. Delegation
B. Complete decentralization
C. Abolition of authority
D. Abdication

38 A manager delegates the authority to inspect project sites but does not specify reporting requirements. What is the most likely consequence?

Delegation Medium
A. Weak monitoring and unclear accountability
B. Elimination of the manager's authority
C. Permanent transfer of final accountability
D. Automatic improvement in coordination

39 Which action would make delegation of a public procurement task most effective?

Delegation Medium
A. Define limits, resources, and reporting
B. Assign responsibility without decision rights
C. Transfer the task without instructions
D. Retain every approval with the manager

40 A small agency uses a direct line from its director to all employees, with few specialized units. Which form of organization is this most likely to be?

Meaning, basis and forms Medium
A. Matrix organization
B. Line organization
C. Committee organization
D. Functional organization

41 A government agency is reorganized so that policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation are assigned to separate semi-autonomous units, while coordination is maintained through performance contracts. Which organizational principle is most directly illustrated?

Meaning, basis and forms Hard
A. Complete decentralization without structural integration
B. Informal organization replacing formal authority
C. Functional differentiation with coordinated specialization
D. Unity of command through direct personal supervision

42 Which situation best demonstrates that an organization is a dynamic system rather than merely a formal chart of positions?

Meaning, basis and forms Hard
A. Employees follow a fixed reporting diagram
B. Positions are classified according to legal rules
C. Departments exchange resources and adapt to environmental demands
D. Managers issue written instructions to subordinates

43 A public hospital assigns diagnosis, treatment, records management, and procurement to separate specialists. Delays arise because no unit owns the complete patient outcome. Which corrective design is most appropriate?

Division of work Hard
A. Create cross-functional teams around patient outcomes
B. Transfer every decision to the hospital director
C. Increase specialization in every department
D. Remove all formal divisions among hospital staff

44 A tax authority divides work by taxpayer category, geographic region, and technical function. Conflicts occur because one taxpayer is simultaneously assigned to multiple units. What is the central design problem?

Division of work Hard
A. Excessive unity of command
B. Overlapping bases of departmentalization
C. Insufficient formalization of procedures
D. Unavoidable effects of specialization

45 A ministry introduces additional managerial layers to improve supervision, but decisions become slower and information is distorted before reaching the top. Which trade-off is most evident?

Hierarchy Hard
A. Hierarchy clarifies status while increasing communication costs
B. Hierarchy reduces specialization while increasing flexibility
C. Hierarchy eliminates authority while increasing participation
D. Hierarchy improves speed while reducing control

46 A lower-level official is held accountable for a program result, yet every significant operational decision requires approval from senior officials. Which hierarchical defect is present?

Hierarchy Hard
A. Span of control exceeds specialization
B. Responsibility exceeds granted authority
C. Authority exceeds assigned responsibility
D. Unity of command exceeds departmentalization

47 In a project team, a technical director controls standards while a project manager controls schedules and assignments. Which arrangement best preserves unity of command?

Unity of command Hard
A. Both managers issue unrestricted operational orders
B. The project manager remains the sole operational superior
C. The technical director replaces the project manager
D. Team members choose which manager to obey

48 A disaster-response officer receives conflicting evacuation instructions from the police chief and the emergency-management coordinator. What is the most appropriate organizational remedy?

Unity of command Hard
A. Require the officer to obey the more senior individual
B. Suspend all instructions until consensus is reached
C. Define precedence and jurisdiction before operations begin
D. Allow the officer to reconcile orders informally

49 A supervisor oversees ten experienced analysts performing standardized work, while another supervises four inexperienced officers handling uncertain cases. Why may the first supervisor have the wider span?

Span of control Hard
A. Experienced staff eliminate managerial responsibility
B. Uncertain work prevents any form of delegation
C. Large spans always improve administrative efficiency
D. Routine work requires less direct supervision

50 A department expands its span of control after adopting reliable digital dashboards and standardized procedures. Which risk remains most significant?

Span of control Hard
A. Elimination of horizontal coordination
B. Reduced need for organizational objectives
C. Automatic loss of formal authority
D. Overload when exceptions require intensive judgment

51 A department head persuades agencies to adopt a policy because of expertise and professional credibility, despite lacking formal command over them. This is primarily an exercise of:

Authority, power and responsibility Hard
A. Expert power
B. Delegated responsibility
C. Position authority
D. Coercive authority

52 A manager is authorized to approve grants but cannot obtain the budget, staff, or information needed to assess applications. Which principle has been violated?

Authority, power and responsibility Hard
A. Responsibility should be matched with resources
B. Power should always remain informal
C. Delegation requires elimination of supervision
D. Authority should be separated from accountability

53 A senior official formally approves a procurement decision, but a politically influential adviser determines which alternatives are considered. What distinction best explains the situation?

Authority, power and responsibility Hard
A. Formal authority and informal power differ
B. Responsibility and hierarchy are identical
C. Delegation and decentralization are identical
D. Authority exists only outside legal structures

54 A central ministry retains policy standards but allows regional offices to adapt implementation methods to local conditions. Which arrangement is best described as:

Centralization and decentralization Hard
A. Pure centralization
B. Administrative disintegration
C. Controlled decentralization
D. Pure decentralization

55 Decentralization is introduced in a local-government program, but regional offices lack trained staff and reliable financial systems. What is the most likely result?

Centralization and decentralization Hard
A. Responsibility shifts without effective decision capacity
B. Central control disappears without transitional costs
C. Uniform implementation becomes easier across regions
D. Greater autonomy automatically improves outcomes

56 During a national epidemic, procurement standards are centralized, while local health offices decide outreach methods. Why is this hybrid arrangement defensible?

Centralization and decentralization Hard
A. It transfers all accountability to local officials
B. It eliminates the need for intergovernmental coordination
C. It ensures every locality uses identical procedures
D. It combines economies of scale with local responsiveness

57 A director assigns an officer authority to approve routine purchases within a limit but remains answerable for the unit's performance. Which statement is correct?

Delegation Hard
A. Delegation transfers authority but not ultimate accountability
B. Delegation occurs only when all decisions are transferred
C. Delegation removes the director's supervisory duty
D. Delegation transfers final accountability permanently

58 A manager delegates a task but gives no performance standard, deadline, or reporting requirement. What is the most important weakness?

Delegation Hard
A. The manager has created complete decentralization
B. The task has become part of informal organization
C. The delegation lacks clarity and control mechanisms
D. The subordinate has acquired permanent authority

59 A supervisor delegates approval authority to a subordinate but requires approval of every individual decision. What is the most accurate assessment?

Delegation Hard
A. It is decentralization through functional specialization
B. It is meaningful delegation with broad discretion
C. It is abdication of supervisory responsibility
D. It is nominal delegation that preserves central control

60 A delegated authority is used to approve an action outside the stated monetary limit, although the action produces the intended policy outcome. Which conclusion is most accurate?

Delegation Hard
A. Delegation removes all limits once performance improves
B. The outcome automatically validates the decision
C. The subordinate's expertise expands the formal mandate
D. The decision exceeds delegated authority despite its outcome