Unit 2: Growth and Trends in Public Administration - Practice Quiz

PBA115 — Introduction To Public Administration 60 Questions
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1 What was a central concern of New Public Administration?

New public administration Easy
A. Profit maximization
B. Social equity
C. Military expansion
D. Administrative secrecy

2 New Public Administration developed mainly as a response to the limitations of which traditional focus?

New public administration Easy
A. Administrative neutrality
B. Local government
C. Public budgeting
D. International law

3 Which value is strongly associated with New Public Administration?

New public administration Easy
A. Absolute hierarchy
B. Social justice
C. Political isolation
D. Commercial secrecy

4 Where was the first Minnowbrook Conference held?

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Easy
A. Columbia University
B. Harvard University
C. Princeton University
D. Syracuse University

5 The first Minnowbrook Conference is most closely associated with the development of which approach?

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Easy
A. Scientific management
B. Classical economics
C. Systems engineering
D. New Public Administration

6 Which issue was emphasized at the first Minnowbrook Conference?

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Easy
A. Industrial ownership
B. Social equity
C. Currency control
D. Foreign trade

7 The Minnowbrook II Conference took place approximately when?

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Easy
A. In 2008
B. In 1988
C. In 1948
D. In 1968

8 The Minnowbrook III Conference was held approximately when?

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Easy
A. In 1988
B. In 2028
C. In 2008
D. In 1978

9 Public choice theory applies economic reasoning mainly to the study of what?

Public choice theory Easy
A. Historical languages
B. Physical geography
C. Weather patterns
D. Political decision-making

10 According to public choice theory, public officials are generally assumed to be motivated partly by what?

Public choice theory Easy
A. Cultural tradition
B. Scientific curiosity
C. Complete selflessness
D. Self-interest

11 Which idea is commonly linked with public choice theory?

Public choice theory Easy
A. Government should avoid all evaluation
B. Public agencies should have unlimited budgets
C. Officials never respond to incentives
D. Competition can improve services

12 Public choice theory views government decisions as being influenced by which factor?

Public choice theory Easy
A. Random events alone
B. Individual incentives
C. Natural disasters only
D. Ancient customs only

13 What is a main feature of New Public Management?

New public management Easy
A. Complete rejection of targets
B. Expansion of administrative secrecy
C. Performance measurement
D. Removal of all managers

14 New Public Management seeks to make public organizations more similar to which type of organization?

New public management Easy
A. Religious groups
B. Military units
C. Private businesses
D. Family households

15 Which term is commonly associated with New Public Management?

New public management Easy
A. Censorship
B. Isolation
C. Efficiency
D. Feudalism

16 Which practice may be used under New Public Management?

New public management Easy
A. Contracting out
B. Ending all service evaluation
C. Removing all forms of accountability
D. Banning organizational targets

17 What is the central idea of New Public Service?

New public service Easy
A. Replace government with markets
B. Maximize agency size
C. Serve citizens
D. Control citizens

18 New Public Service views citizens primarily as what?

New public service Easy
A. Citizens
B. Employees
C. Customers
D. Shareholders

19 Which value is emphasized by New Public Service?

New public service Easy
A. Centralized ownership
B. Democratic participation
C. Profit competition
D. Administrative secrecy

20 According to New Public Service, public administrators should primarily do what?

New public service Easy
A. Treat citizens only as consumers in a marketplace
B. Help citizens pursue shared interests
C. Transfer every government responsibility to private companies
D. Reduce all public decisions to financial calculations

21 A city administration introduces a housing program that gives priority to low-income neighborhoods, even though a uniform distribution would be easier to manage. Which New Public Administration principle is most directly reflected?

New public administration Medium
A. Organizational hierarchy
B. Administrative neutrality
C. Budgetary centralization
D. Social equity

22 A public agency evaluates success not only by meeting performance targets but also by examining whether its programs reduce inequality. This approach reflects the concern of New Public Administration with:

New public administration Medium
A. Political neutrality
B. Administrative secrecy
C. Social equity
D. Technical efficiency

23 Which administrative decision best illustrates the activist role associated with New Public Administration?

New public administration Medium
A. Following precedent without review
B. Responding to marginalized communities
C. Maintaining existing procedures
D. Avoiding controversial outcomes

24 The first Minnowbrook Conference is most closely associated with which shift in public administration?

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Medium
A. From citizens to consumers
B. From markets to central planning
C. From neutrality to relevance
D. From hierarchy to privatization

25 A scholar argues that public administration should address poverty, discrimination, and social unrest rather than focus only on organizational efficiency. This argument most clearly reflects Minnowbrook I's emphasis on:

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Medium
A. Market competition
B. Administrative relevance
C. Contract management
D. Consumer sovereignty

26 Minnowbrook II, held in a changing political and administrative environment, placed stronger emphasis on which issue?

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Medium
A. The complete removal of government
B. The exclusive use of traditional bureaucracy
C. The rejection of democratic participation
D. Public administration's future challenges

27 A public administration program combines digital governance, collaborative networks, and democratic accountability to address complex social problems. This orientation is most consistent with the concerns of:

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Medium
A. Classical scientific management
B. Minnowbrook III
C. Minnowbrook II only
D. Minnowbrook I only

28 Which sequence best represents the broad development of the Minnowbrook perspective?

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Medium
A. Efficiency, privatization, and deregulation
B. Centralization, standardization, and political withdrawal
C. Hierarchy, secrecy, and administrative isolation
D. Relevance, changing challenges, and collaborative governance

29 According to public choice theory, why might a government agency seek a larger budget than it strictly needs?

Public choice theory Medium
A. Officials may pursue organizational self-interest
B. Bureaucracies never respond to incentives
C. Markets automatically increase agency budgets
D. Citizens always prefer higher taxes

30 A local government allows several firms to compete for waste collection services. From a public choice perspective, the main expected benefit is:

Public choice theory Medium
A. Greater administrative secrecy
B. Elimination of citizen choice
C. Expansion of monopolistic control
D. Reduced bureaucratic discretion

31 A voter supports a costly public project because the personal benefit is visible, while the cost is spread across many taxpayers. This situation illustrates:

Public choice theory Medium
A. Concentrated costs
B. Social equity
C. Administrative neutrality
D. Rational ignorance

32 Which policy arrangement would a public choice theorist most likely support to reduce the risk of bureaucratic monopoly?

Public choice theory Medium
A. Permanent agency expansion
B. Exclusive official discretion
C. Uniform central control
D. Provider competition

33 A ministry gives managers flexibility over staffing but evaluates them using measurable service outcomes. Which New Public Management feature is illustrated?

New public management Medium
A. Performance-based management
B. Elimination of managerial responsibility
C. Complete political insulation
D. Strict procedural control

34 A government contracts a private company to operate a public bus route and monitors service standards through a formal contract. This is an example of:

New public management Medium
A. Participatory budgeting
B. Bureaucratic expansion
C. Administrative neutrality
D. Contracting out

35 Why might an NPM reform introduce benchmarking among public hospitals?

New public management Medium
A. To remove all performance measures
B. To guarantee identical operating methods
C. To prevent managerial decision-making
D. To compare performance across providers

36 A government agency meets its target for processing applications quickly, but many applications are rejected inaccurately. What NPM limitation does this example reveal?

New public management Medium
A. Targets may encourage distorted behavior
B. Managers cannot use performance data
C. Markets always reduce accountability
D. Citizens never value faster services

37 A city organizes neighborhood forums so residents help define the goals of a public safety program. This approach best reflects the New Public Service principle of:

New public service Medium
A. Treating residents as customers only
B. Centralizing all policy decisions
C. Maximizing agency market share
D. Serving citizens through dialogue

38 Which action best distinguishes New Public Service from New Public Management?

New public service Medium
A. Giving managers operational flexibility
B. Using contracts to purchase services
C. Engaging citizens in defining public values
D. Measuring outputs with indicators

39 A public manager refuses to treat residents merely as consumers because public decisions involve collective responsibilities and rights. This position is consistent with:

New public service Medium
A. Public choice theory
B. New Public Service
C. Scientific management
D. Classical bureaucracy

40 During a disaster, a government agency works with nonprofit groups, businesses, and residents to coordinate relief while maintaining accountability to the public. This best demonstrates:

New public service Medium
A. Collaborative governance
B. Privatization without oversight
C. Pure bureaucratic control
D. Administrative isolation

41 A public agency adopts a technically efficient allocation model that improves average service delivery but systematically excludes politically weak neighborhoods. Which New Public Administration critique is most directly applicable?

New public administration Hard
A. The model replaces professional judgment with electoral control
B. The model treats efficiency as separable from social equity
C. The model relies excessively on citizen co-production
D. The model gives insufficient weight to administrative hierarchy

42 Which administrative decision best reflects the New Public Administration principle of 'relevance' rather than merely improved internal efficiency?

New public administration Hard
A. Standardizing employee evaluations across all departments
B. Reducing permit-processing time through workflow automation
C. Redirecting services toward an underserved population
D. Increasing managerial discretion over procurement schedules

43 An administrator argues that neutrality requires applying an identical eligibility rule even when historical barriers make access unequal. Which response is most consistent with New Public Administration?

New public administration Hard
A. Neutrality requires avoiding all distributive judgments
B. Equity may require differentiated treatment of unequal conditions
C. Administrative ethics should be limited to legal compliance
D. Uniform procedures are sufficient evidence of fairness

44 Which sequence most accurately captures the broad intellectual movement across the three Minnowbrook conferences?

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Hard
A. Fiscal austerity, hierarchy, and administrative centralization
B. Quantitative management, legalism, and bureaucratic insulation
C. Classical administration, privatization, and constitutional reform
D. Social relevance, governance complexity, and democratic engagement

45 A scholar claims that Minnowbrook II simply repeated Minnowbrook I without addressing new institutional conditions. Which assessment is most defensible?

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Hard
A. Correct, because Minnowbrook II focused only on budgeting
B. Correct, because all conferences rejected empirical analysis
C. Incorrect, because it abandoned normative concerns for market competition
D. Incorrect, because it reconsidered administration amid globalization and institutional change

46 Which research design best embodies the orientation associated with Minnowbrook III?

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Hard
A. A cost-minimization study using only agency-generated indicators
B. A comparative ranking based exclusively on managerial productivity
C. A participatory inquiry linking administrative evidence with citizen knowledge
D. A randomized trial that excludes affected communities from interpretation

47 Which statement most accurately distinguishes Minnowbrook III from a narrow New Public Management reform agenda?

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Hard
A. It links administrative performance to citizenship and public values
B. It prioritizes competition over democratic legitimacy
C. It defines accountability primarily through contractual outputs
D. It treats citizens mainly as consumers of services

48 A public bureau receives a fixed budget and expands its program even after marginal social benefits fall below marginal costs. Which public choice explanation is most applicable?

Public choice theory Hard
A. Citizens always possess complete information about public costs
B. Bureaucrats may maximize organizational budgets or discretionary benefits
C. Public agencies face the same residual-claimant incentives as firms
D. Political competition automatically eliminates agency expansion

49 A concentrated industry gains a subsidy financed by a small tax imposed on millions of citizens. Public choice theory predicts that the subsidy is politically durable primarily because:

Public choice theory Hard
A. The beneficiaries receive concentrated gains and organize more easily
B. The dispersed taxpayers have stronger incentives to organize
C. The policy automatically maximizes aggregate economic welfare
D. Administrative neutrality prevents organized interests from influencing policy

50 A proposed institutional reform gives residents multiple service providers, portable funding, and easy exit from underperforming agencies. Which public choice mechanism is the reform mainly designed to activate?

Public choice theory Hard
A. Hierarchy through unified administrative command
B. Discretion through insulation from consumer preferences
C. Exit through competition among providers
D. Voice through centralized legislative oversight

51 Which criticism most directly limits the use of public choice theory as a complete account of public administration?

Public choice theory Hard
A. It assumes that administrative institutions have no incentive effects
B. It can understate public service motivation and collective norms
C. It treats markets as irrelevant to institutional performance
D. It denies that individuals respond to material incentives

52 An agency meets all contractually specified output targets while service quality declines because providers avoid complex cases. Which NPM weakness does this illustrate?

New public management Hard
A. Market mechanisms eliminate the need for contract monitoring
B. Managerial autonomy prevents any measurable performance improvement
C. Output contracts can generate gaming and goal displacement
D. Citizen choice always favors the most equitable provider

53 A government separates policy design from service delivery, introduces purchaser-provider contracts, and grants managers operational discretion. Which combination best identifies the reform logic?

New public management Hard
A. Market-style coordination and managerial accountability
B. Constitutional adjudication and judicial administration
C. Bureaucratic centralization and procedural uniformity
D. Representative bureaucracy and participatory governance

54 Which evaluation would provide the strongest evidence that an NPM reform improved public value rather than merely reducing visible costs?

New public management Hard
A. Higher output counts despite increased exclusion of difficult users
B. Lower unit costs alongside equitable and sustained outcomes
C. A fall in staff numbers without service-quality data
D. Improved managerial discretion measured through executive surveys

55 A public hospital is converted into an autonomous agency, but the ministry retains approval over staffing, procurement, and daily operations. Which conclusion is most justified?

New public management Hard
A. Democratic governance has replaced bureaucratic control
B. Full marketization has occurred because the agency has a new label
C. Performance contracting is unnecessary under organizational autonomy
D. Formal corporatization has occurred without substantial managerial autonomy

56 Residents disagree about a redevelopment project, and officials facilitate deliberation rather than selecting the option with the highest aggregate willingness to pay. Which New Public Service principle is most evident?

New public service Hard
A. Steering citizens through market-like incentives
B. Treating citizens as consumers maximizing individual utility
C. Delegating public decisions exclusively to technical experts
D. Serving citizens by building shared democratic purposes

57 Which accountability arrangement best fits the New Public Service rather than a narrowly managerial model?

New public service Hard
A. Accountability limited to compliance with supervisor instructions
B. Accountability based solely on quarterly output targets
C. Accountability transferred entirely to contracted service providers
D. Accountability balancing law, ethics, democratic values, and outcomes

58 A city invites nonprofit groups, residents, businesses, and agencies to co-produce a homelessness strategy, while elected officials retain final responsibility. Why is this arrangement consistent with New Public Service?

New public service Hard
A. It uses government to facilitate collective problem-solving
B. It defines stakeholders as competitors seeking market share
C. It replaces public accountability with private ownership
D. It treats collaboration as a substitute for representative institutions

59 Which policy choice most clearly distinguishes New Public Service from both Public Choice Theory and New Public Management?

New public service Hard
A. Reducing administrative costs through contractual outsourcing
B. Inviting citizens to deliberate about shared community priorities
C. Expanding consumer choice among competing providers
D. Linking rewards to narrowly defined agency outputs

60 A digital consultation receives thousands of responses, but participation is dominated by affluent groups and officials treat the results as the public interest. What New Public Service correction is most appropriate?

New public service Hard
A. Broaden inclusion and facilitate deliberation across affected groups
B. Replace deliberation with an automated popularity ranking
C. Treat the largest response category as democratically decisive
D. Restrict participation to technically certified stakeholders