1Which of the following terms describes a disease that can be transmitted naturally between vertebrate animals and humans?
A.Contagious disease
B.Zoonotic disease
C.Infectious disease
D.Metabolic disease
Correct Answer: Zoonotic disease
Explanation:Zoonotic diseases (or zoonoses) are infectious diseases that are transmissible under natural conditions from vertebrate animals to humans (e.g., Rabies, Brucellosis).
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2What is the primary causative agent of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in cattle?
A.Bacteria (Pasteurella multocida)
B.Virus (Apthovirus)
C.Protozoa (Babesia)
D.Fungi (Aspergillus)
Correct Answer: Virus (Apthovirus)
Explanation:FMD is a highly contagious viral disease caused by an Apthovirus of the family Picornaviridae. It affects cloven-hoofed animals.
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3Which metabolic disease in dairy cattle is caused by a sudden deficiency of Calcium () in the blood, usually occurring shortly after calving?
A.Ketosis
B.Milk Fever (Parturient Paresis)
C.Bloat
D.Acidosis
Correct Answer: Milk Fever (Parturient Paresis)
Explanation:Milk Fever is a metabolic disorder caused by hypocalcemia (low blood calcium) when the demand for calcium for colostrum production exceeds the body's ability to mobilize calcium reserves.
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4Ranikhet disease in poultry is also known as:
A.Fowl Pox
B.Newcastle Disease
C.Marek's Disease
D.Infectious Bursal Disease
Correct Answer: Newcastle Disease
Explanation:Newcastle Disease is commonly known as Ranikhet disease in India. It is a highly contagious viral infection affecting poultry.
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5Identify the bacterial disease in cattle characterized by high fever and a crepitating (crackling) swelling in the heavy muscles, such as the hip or shoulder.
A.Haemorrhagic Septicemia (HS)
B.Black Quarter (BQ)
C.Brucellosis
D.Tuberculosis
Correct Answer: Black Quarter (BQ)
Explanation:Black Quarter (BQ), caused by Clostridium chauvoei, is characterized by emphysematous swelling (gas accumulation) in muscles which produces a crepitating sound upon palpation.
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6At what age is the primary vaccination for Marek's Disease usually administered to poultry?
A.Day 1 (at hatchery)
B.Week 4
C.Week 8
D.Week 12
Correct Answer: Day 1 (at hatchery)
Explanation:Vaccination for Marek's Disease is typically administered on Day 1 via subcutaneous injection at the hatchery to provide early immunity.
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7Which test is commonly performed at the farm level to detect sub-clinical Mastitis in dairy cattle?
A.California Mastitis Test (CMT)
B.Tuberculin Test
C.Rose Bengal Plate Test
D.Agglutination Test
Correct Answer: California Mastitis Test (CMT)
Explanation:The California Mastitis Test (CMT) is a rapid, cow-side test used to detect somatic cells in milk, indicating sub-clinical mastitis.
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8What is the typical vaccination schedule frequency for Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in India?
A.Once in a lifetime
B.Once every 3 years
C.Twice a year (Biannually)
D.Monthly
Correct Answer: Twice a year (Biannually)
Explanation:Due to the nature of immunity provided by the FMD vaccine, it is generally recommended to vaccinate cattle twice a year (usually roughly 6 months apart, often pre-monsoon and post-winter).
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9Which of the following is a symptom of Coccidiosis in poultry?
A.Paralysis of legs
B.Bloody diarrhea
C.Respiratory gasping
D.Warts on the comb
Correct Answer: Bloody diarrhea
Explanation:Coccidiosis, caused by the protozoan Eimeria, damages the intestinal lining, leading to characteristic bloody diarrhea or droppings.
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10The process of separating animals that are newly acquired or suspected of carrying a disease from the healthy herd is known as:
A.Sanitation
B.Quarantine
C.Vaccination
D.Culling
Correct Answer: Quarantine
Explanation:Quarantine involves the isolation of animals (usually for 30 days) to observe for signs of disease before introducing them into the main herd.
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11Which organism causes Anthrax, a peracute disease resulting in sudden death and oozing of tarry blood from natural orifices?
A.Bacillus anthracis
B.Clostridium chauvoei
C.Pasteurella multocida
D.Brucella abortus
Correct Answer: Bacillus anthracis
Explanation:Anthrax is caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Post-mortem examination is usually forbidden due to the risk of spore dispersal.
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12In the context of livestock diseases, what does morbidity refer to?
A.The number of deaths in a population
B.The number of animals sick/affected in a population
C.The cost of treatment
D.The reproductive rate of the pathogen
Correct Answer: The number of animals sick/affected in a population
Explanation:Morbidity refers to the incidence of illness or the number of animals affected by a disease within a population, whereas mortality refers to the number of deaths.
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13Which disease in goats is also known as 'Goat Plague'?
A.Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR)
B.Blue Tongue
C.Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia
D.Goat Pox
Correct Answer: Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR)
Explanation:Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease of small ruminants, commonly referred to as Goat Plague.
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14The Brucellosis vaccination (Strain 19) is typically administered to:
A.Adult bulls only
B.Female calves aged 4-8 months
C.Pregnant cows
D.All animals every year
Correct Answer: Female calves aged 4-8 months
Explanation:The Brucella abortus Strain 19 vaccine is typically given once to female calves (heifers) between 4 to 8 months of age to confer lifetime immunity.
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15What is the intermediate host for the Liver Fluke (Fasciola hepatica)?
A.Mosquito
B.Tick
C.Freshwater Snail
D.Housefly
Correct Answer: Freshwater Snail
Explanation:The life cycle of the Liver Fluke involves a freshwater snail (genus Lymnaea) as an intermediate host before infecting livestock.
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16Which viral disease in poultry specifically targets the Bursa of Fabricius?
Explanation:Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), also known as Gumboro disease, targets the Bursa of Fabricius, causing immunosuppression in young chickens.
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17What is the causative agent of Haemorrhagic Septicemia (HS) in cattle and buffaloes?
A.Pasteurella multocida
B.Brucella abortus
C.Mycobacterium bovis
D.Salmonella spp.
Correct Answer: Pasteurella multocida
Explanation:Haemorrhagic Septicemia is an acute bacterial disease caused by Pasteurella multocida, usually associated with wet/monsoon seasons.
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18Blue Tongue disease in sheep is primarily transmitted by:
A.Direct contact
B.Contaminated water
C.Vectors (Culicoides midges)
D.Aerosol
Correct Answer: Vectors (Culicoides midges)
Explanation:Blue Tongue is an insect-borne viral disease transmitted primarily by biting midges of the genus Culicoides.
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19The 'F1' strain vaccine is used for which poultry disease?
A.Fowl Pox
B.Newcastle Disease (Ranikhet)
C.Coccidiosis
D.Duck Plague
Correct Answer: Newcastle Disease (Ranikhet)
Explanation:The F1 (or LaSota) strain is a live lentogenic vaccine used for the immunization of poultry against Newcastle Disease (Ranikhet).
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20Which of the following is a sign of Ketosis in cattle?
A.Sweetish/acetone smell of breath and milk
B.Bloody urine
C.Swelling of the throat
D.Blisters on the tongue
Correct Answer: Sweetish/acetone smell of breath and milk
Explanation:Ketosis (acetonemia) is characterized by the presence of ketone bodies in body fluids, leading to a characteristic sweet or acetone-like smell in the breath and milk.
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21Bloat (Ruminal Tympany) is primarily caused by:
A.Virus infection
B.Accumulation of gas in the rumen
C.Calcium deficiency
D.Magnesium deficiency
Correct Answer: Accumulation of gas in the rumen
Explanation:Bloat is the over-distension of the rumen and reticulum with gases of fermentation, often caused by eating too much leguminous green fodder.
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22Which disinfectant is commonly used in a footbath at the entry of a poultry farm for biosecurity?
A.Glucose solution
B.Normal saline
C.Potassium Permanganate () or Formalin
D.Distilled water
Correct Answer: Potassium Permanganate () or Formalin
Explanation:Footbaths typically contain disinfectants like Potassium Permanganate, Phenol, or Formalin to kill pathogens on footwear before entering the farm.
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23Bird Flu is technically known as:
A.Avian Influenza
B.Avian Leucosis
C.Fowl Cholera
D.Coryza
Correct Answer: Avian Influenza
Explanation:Bird Flu is the common name for Avian Influenza, a viral disease caused by Type A influenza viruses (e.g., H5N1).
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24Which livestock disease was globally declared 'eradicated' by the OIE (now WOAH) in 2011?
A.FMD
B.Rinderpest
C.Anthrax
D.Rabies
Correct Answer: Rinderpest
Explanation:Rinderpest (Cattle Plague) is the only livestock disease that has been successfully eradicated globally.
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25The swelling of the throat region causing a gurgling sound during respiration is a characteristic symptom of which disease in cattle?
A.Haemorrhagic Septicemia (HS)
B.Mastitis
C.Brucellosis
D.Theileriosis
Correct Answer: Haemorrhagic Septicemia (HS)
Explanation:In Haemorrhagic Septicemia (HS), edematous swelling of the throat leads to difficulty in breathing and a characteristic gurgling sound.
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26What is the recommended route of administration for the Fowl Pox vaccine?
A.Intramuscular injection
B.Wing web puncture (stick method)
C.Drinking water
D.Eye drop
Correct Answer: Wing web puncture (stick method)
Explanation:The Fowl Pox vaccine is typically administered via the wing web puncture (stick) method.
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27Babesiosis (Red water disease) in cattle is transmitted by:
A.Lice
B.Mites
C.Ticks
D.Fleas
Correct Answer: Ticks
Explanation:Babesiosis is a protozoan disease transmitted by ticks. It causes destruction of red blood cells, leading to hemoglobinuria (red urine).
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28The Strip Cup test is used for:
A.Detecting physical abnormalities in milk (clots/flakes)
B.Measuring milk fat
C.Testing for bacteria in blood
D.Vaccinating calves
Correct Answer: Detecting physical abnormalities in milk (clots/flakes)
Explanation:A Strip Cup is used before milking to check the foremilk for clots, flakes, or discoloration, which are clinical signs of mastitis.
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29Vaccination against Haemorrhagic Septicemia (HS) is usually done:
A.Post-monsoon
B.Pre-monsoon (May-June)
C.During winter
D.Only when disease outbreaks
Correct Answer: Pre-monsoon (May-June)
Explanation:Since HS outbreaks are common during the rainy season, vaccination is scheduled pre-monsoon (typically May-June) to ensure immunity.
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30Enterotoxemia in sheep and goats is popularly known as:
A.Pulpy Kidney Disease
B.Wooden Tongue
C.Lumpy Jaw
D.Wool Sorters Disease
Correct Answer: Pulpy Kidney Disease
Explanation:Enterotoxemia, caused by Clostridium perfringens type D, is commonly known as Pulpy Kidney Disease due to the rapid decomposition of the kidneys post-mortem.
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31Which of the following is an ectoparasite?
A.Tapeworm
B.Roundworm
C.Mite
D.Fluke
Correct Answer: Mite
Explanation:Mites live on the surface of the host (skin/hair), making them ectoparasites. Tapeworms, roundworms, and flukes are endoparasites.
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32The condition 'Storm of Abortion' in a cattle herd is highly suggestive of:
A.Brucellosis
B.Mastitis
C.FMD
D.Tuberculosis
Correct Answer: Brucellosis
Explanation:Brucellosis (Bang's disease) often causes abortion in the last trimester of pregnancy. When many cows abort simultaneously, it is called a 'storm of abortion'.
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33Which vitamin deficiency causes Nutritional Roup (discharge from eyes and nostrils) in poultry?
A.Vitamin A
B.Vitamin C
C.Vitamin D
D.Vitamin K
Correct Answer: Vitamin A
Explanation:Deficiency of Vitamin A affects the mucous membranes, leading to Nutritional Roup, characterized by ocular discharge and cheesy material in the eyes.
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34The standard temperature for pasteurization (HTST method) helps kill pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis. What is the temperature and time?
A. for 30 minutes
B. for 15 seconds
C. for 10 minutes
D. for 5 minutes
Correct Answer: for 15 seconds
Explanation:HTST (High Temperature Short Time) pasteurization uses for 15 seconds.
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35What is the primary method to control Lice infestation in poultry?
A.De-worming
B.Vaccination
C.Dipping or dusting with insecticides
D.Antibiotics
Correct Answer: Dipping or dusting with insecticides
Explanation:Lice are ectoparasites. Control involves dipping or dusting the birds with appropriate insecticides (e.g., pyrethroids).
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36Which disease is characterized by 'pock lesions' (warts) on the unfeathered parts of the bird's head?
A.Fowl Pox
B.Marek's Disease
C.Ranikhet Disease
D.Coccidiosis
Correct Answer: Fowl Pox
Explanation:The cutaneous form of Fowl Pox causes wart-like nodules (pock lesions) on the comb, wattle, and other unfeathered areas.
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37Ring Vaccination is a strategy used to:
A.Vaccinate animals in a circular pattern on the body
B.Contain an outbreak by vaccinating animals in a zone surrounding the infected area
C.Vaccinate only ring-horned animals
D.Vaccinate animals every year in a cycle
Correct Answer: Contain an outbreak by vaccinating animals in a zone surrounding the infected area
Explanation:Ring vaccination creates a barrier of immune animals around an infected zone to prevent the spread of the disease to the wider population.
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38The causative agent of Strangles in horses (often included in general livestock disease units) is:
A.Streptococcus equi
B.Staphylococcus aureus
C.E. coli
D.Salmonella
Correct Answer: Streptococcus equi
Explanation:Strangles is a highly contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract in horses caused by Streptococcus equi.
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39Which of the following is a metabolic disease?
A.Anthrax
B.Ketosis
C.FMD
D.Rabies
Correct Answer: Ketosis
Explanation:Ketosis is a disorder of metabolism (carbohydrate/fat metabolism), whereas the others are infectious diseases caused by pathogens.
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40The Cold Chain is essential for:
A.Transporting milk
B.Maintaining potency of vaccines during storage and transport
C.Freezing meat
D.Cooling cattle sheds
Correct Answer: Maintaining potency of vaccines during storage and transport
Explanation:The Cold Chain refers to the temperature-controlled supply chain required to maintain the quality and potency of vaccines from manufacture to administration.
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41In poultry, the 'LaSota' strain is a type of vaccine for:
A.Newcastle Disease
B.Fowl Cholera
C.Pullorum
D.Typhoid
Correct Answer: Newcastle Disease
Explanation:LaSota is a lentogenic strain of the Newcastle Disease virus used for secondary vaccination (boosters) in poultry.
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42Which internal parasite is commonly known as the 'Barber's Pole Worm' in sheep?
A.Haemonchus contortus
B.Fasciola hepatica
C.Moniezia
D.Ascaris
Correct Answer: Haemonchus contortus
Explanation:Haemonchus contortus is a blood-sucking nematode found in the abomasum of sheep/goats, appearing striped like a barber's pole.
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43The first milk produced by a cow after calving, which is rich in antibodies, is called:
A.Whole milk
B.Colostrum
C.Skim milk
D.Toned milk
Correct Answer: Colostrum
Explanation:Colostrum is the first milk. It provides essential immunoglobulins (antibodies) to the calf, conferring passive immunity.
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44Actinobacillosis in cattle is commonly known as:
A.Lumpy Jaw
B.Wooden Tongue
C.Black Leg
D.Red Water
Correct Answer: Wooden Tongue
Explanation:Actinobacillosis affects soft tissues, particularly the tongue, causing it to become hard and swollen, hence the name Wooden Tongue.
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45What is the typical route of administration for the RDVF (Ranikhet Disease Vaccine F-strain) in day-old chicks?
A.Intramuscular
B.Intra-ocular (Eye drop) or Intranasal
C.Subcutaneous
D.Intravenous
Correct Answer: Intra-ocular (Eye drop) or Intranasal
Explanation:The F-strain vaccine for Ranikhet disease is typically given to young chicks via eye drops (intra-ocular) or nose drops.
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46Trypanosomiasis (Surra) in livestock is caused by a:
A.Bacterium
B.Virus
C.Protozoan
D.Fungus
Correct Answer: Protozoan
Explanation:Surra is caused by Trypanosoma evansi, which is a protozoan blood parasite transmitted by biting flies.
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47In the context of disease prevention, 'Biosecurity' refers to:
A.Giving antibiotics daily
B.Measures to prevent the entry and spread of pathogens on a farm
C.Buying insurance for livestock
D.Using armed guards at the farm gate
Correct Answer: Measures to prevent the entry and spread of pathogens on a farm
Explanation:Biosecurity encompasses all procedures (sanitation, isolation, traffic control) used to prevent the introduction and spread of disease-causing organisms.
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48Bacillary White Diarrhea (Pullorum Disease) in chicks is caused by:
A.Salmonella pullorum
B.E. coli
C.Pasteurella multocida
D.Mycoplasma
Correct Answer: Salmonella pullorum
Explanation:Pullorum disease, characterized by white diarrhea in chicks, is caused by the bacterium Salmonella pullorum.
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49Which of the following is NOT a viral disease?
A.Foot and Mouth Disease
B.Rinderpest
C.Mastitis
D.PPR
Correct Answer: Mastitis
Explanation:Mastitis is primarily a bacterial infection (though can be fungal/mycoplasmal), whereas FMD, Rinderpest, and PPR are viral.
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50An accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, often associated with parasitic burden or liver damage, is called:
A.Ascites
B.Pleurisy
C.Gastritis
D.Mastitis
Correct Answer: Ascites
Explanation:Ascites (water belly) is the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity, seen in conditions like congestive heart failure or severe parasitic liver damage.