Unit 3: Secure Compute and Storage - Practice Quiz

INT328 — Network Virtualization And Cloud Security 60 Questions
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1 What is the primary purpose of Azure Bastion?

Azure Bastion Easy
A. To manage container images
B. To store virtual machine backups
C. To monitor application performance
D. To provide secure RDP and SSH access

2 Which feature is generally not required on a virtual machine when it is accessed through Azure Bastion?

Azure Bastion Easy
A. A public IP address
B. A network interface
C. An operating system
D. A private IP address

3 Which specially named subnet is used to deploy Azure Bastion?

Azure Bastion Easy
A. AzureFirewallSubnet
B. AzureGatewaySubnet
C. AzureBastionSubnet
D. AzureContainerSubnet

4 What is the main purpose of Just-in-Time virtual machine access?

Just-in-Time virtual machine access Easy
A. To replicate virtual machines across regions
B. To create virtual machines automatically
C. To keep management ports permanently open
D. To limit management access to approved periods

5 Which management ports are commonly protected by Just-in-Time virtual machine access?

Just-in-Time virtual machine access Easy
A. DNS and DHCP ports
B. SMTP and IMAP ports
C. HTTP and HTTPS ports
D. RDP and SSH ports

6 What happens after an approved Just-in-Time access period expires?

Just-in-Time virtual machine access Easy
A. The virtual machine is deleted
B. The requested access is removed
C. The operating system is restarted
D. The public IP is replaced

7 What is Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) primarily used for?

Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) Easy
A. Archiving long-term log files
B. Managing virtual desktop sessions
C. Creating network security groups
D. Orchestrating containerized applications

8 In AKS, what is a pod?

Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) Easy
A. A dashboard that displays security alerts
B. A unit that runs one or more containers
C. A firewall that filters network traffic
D. A registry that stores container images

9 Which component does Azure manage in a standard AKS cluster?

Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) Easy
A. The Kubernetes control plane
B. The user account passwords
C. The container image content
D. The application source code

10 Which Azure service provides a logically isolated network for cloud resources?

Network isolation Easy
A. Azure DevOps
B. Azure Advisor
C. Azure Cost Management
D. Azure Virtual Network

11 What is the primary function of a Network Security Group (NSG)?

Network isolation Easy
A. To filter inbound and outbound traffic
B. To store encryption keys
C. To build and publish container images
D. To schedule virtual machine backups

12 What does an Azure private endpoint provide?

Network isolation Easy
A. A private IP address for a service
B. A shared password for administrators
C. A backup copy of a virtual network
D. A public URL for every resource

13 Which Azure service collects and analyzes metrics and logs from Azure resources?

Monitor services Easy
A. Azure Bastion
B. Azure Kubernetes Service
C. Azure Container Registry
D. Azure Monitor

14 What is a metric in Azure Monitor?

Monitor services Easy
A. A numerical value measured over time
B. A rule used to route network traffic
C. A file used to build a container
D. A password assigned to a resource

15 What is the purpose of an Azure Monitor alert?

Monitor services Easy
A. To assign a private IP address
B. To notify or act when a condition occurs
C. To store a container image
D. To create a new subscription

16 Which Azure service provides cloud-based identity and authentication?

Authentication services Easy
A. Azure Virtual Network
B. Azure Blob Storage
C. Azure Load Balancer
D. Microsoft Entra ID

17 What does multi-factor authentication require?

Authentication services Easy
A. Two or more virtual networks
B. Two or more storage accounts
C. Two or more forms of verification
D. Two or more container images

18 What is a key benefit of using a managed identity for an Azure resource?

Authentication services Easy
A. It increases the resource's disk capacity
B. It removes the need to store credentials
C. It creates a public endpoint automatically
D. It disables all network security rules

19 What is Azure Container Registry primarily used to store?

Manage Azure Container Registry Easy
A. Network monitoring alerts
B. Private container images
C. Virtual machine passwords
D. Kubernetes control planes

20 Which Azure CLI command is used to sign in to an Azure Container Registry?

Manage Azure Container Registry Easy
A. az network open
B. az vm login
C. az acr login
D. az aks connect

21 A company needs administrators to connect to Azure virtual machines without assigning public IP addresses to those machines. Which solution best meets this requirement?

Azure Bastion Medium
A. Azure Bastion
B. Azure Load Balancer
C. Azure Traffic Manager
D. Azure Application Gateway

22 An administrator wants to use Azure Bastion to connect to a virtual machine in a virtual network. Which subnet configuration is required for Bastion?

Azure Bastion Medium
A. A subnet named ManagementSubnet
B. A subnet named GatewaySubnet
C. A subnet named AzureBastionSubnet
D. A subnet named AzureFirewallSubnet

23 A security team wants to reduce exposure from administrative protocols while still allowing support staff to connect to virtual machines from a web browser. Which Bastion capability is most relevant?

Azure Bastion Medium
A. Container image scanning
B. Portal-based RDP and SSH
C. Private DNS forwarding
D. Automatic disk encryption

24 A virtual machine normally receives no inbound management traffic, but administrators occasionally need SSH access. Which Just-in-Time configuration is most appropriate?

Just-in-Time virtual machine access Medium
A. Allow SSH only for approved time windows
B. Allow RDP permanently from one subnet
C. Allow HTTP only during business hours
D. Allow SSH permanently from all networks

25 A Just-in-Time request opens TCP port 3389 for two hours from an administrator's public IP address. What happens when the approved period ends?

Just-in-Time virtual machine access Medium
A. The administrator account is disabled
B. The security rule is removed or closed
C. The virtual machine is automatically stopped
D. The public IP address is deleted

26 A security engineer wants to use Just-in-Time VM access, but inbound rules are managed by a network security group. What should the engineer verify first?

Just-in-Time virtual machine access Medium
A. The VM has a public load balancer
B. The required management ports are controlled by an NSG
C. The VM uses premium managed disks
D. The VM is configured as a domain controller

27 An organization wants Azure to manage the Kubernetes control plane while its team focuses on deploying applications and configuring worker nodes. Which service should it use?

Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) Medium
A. Azure Logic Apps
B. Azure Kubernetes Service
C. Azure Functions
D. Azure Batch

28 A company needs pods in an AKS cluster to access a database hosted in a protected Azure virtual network. Which design best supports this requirement?

Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) Medium
A. Route database traffic through Azure CDN
B. Store database credentials in pod labels
C. Deploy AKS with virtual network integration
D. Expose the database through a public IP

29 An AKS application must access Azure Storage without storing a long-lived storage key in a container image. Which approach is most appropriate?

Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) Medium
A. Use the cluster administrator password
B. Place the storage key in a ConfigMap
C. Embed the storage key in the application code
D. Use a managed identity with suitable permissions

30 A three-tier application contains web, application, and database virtual machines. Which network isolation design best limits lateral movement?

Network isolation Medium
A. Place every tier in one unrestricted subnet
B. Use separate subnets with restrictive NSG rules
C. Assign public IPs to every virtual machine
D. Allow all internal traffic between subnets

31 A database should be reachable from an application subnet but not from the public internet. Which Azure design is most suitable?

Network isolation Medium
A. Allow database traffic from any source
B. Use a private endpoint and subnet restrictions
C. Place the database behind a public DNS record
D. Assign the database a public IP address

32 A workload must connect to an Azure service using an address that remains within the organization's virtual network. Which feature should be considered?

Network isolation Medium
A. Private Link
B. Internet-facing DNS
C. Public load balancing
D. Azure Front Door

33 A platform team needs to determine whether increased response times are caused by an application dependency or by the application itself. Which Azure Monitor capability is most useful?

Monitor services Medium
A. Application Insights dependency tracking
B. Azure resource tagging
C. Azure Policy compliance reports
D. Azure Cost Management budgets

34 An operations team wants an alert whenever a virtual machine's average CPU usage exceeds 80 percent for five minutes. Which Azure Monitor feature should it configure?

Monitor services Medium
A. A metric alert
B. A diagnostic setting
C. A resource lock
D. A service health bookmark

35 Security analysts need to query sign-in events and administrative activity across multiple Azure resources. Which destination is best suited for this analysis?

Monitor services Medium
A. A virtual machine availability set
B. A storage account static website
C. An Azure Bastion subnet
D. A Log Analytics workspace

36 A company wants employees to use one identity for Azure resources and several SaaS applications, with centralized sign-in controls. Which service should it use?

Authentication services Medium
A. Azure Virtual Network
B. Microsoft Entra ID
C. Azure Storage
D. Azure DNS

37 An administrator wants to require a second verification method when users sign in from an unfamiliar location. Which control addresses this requirement?

Authentication services Medium
A. An availability zone assignment
B. Conditional Access with multifactor authentication
C. A network security group rule
D. A storage lifecycle policy

38 An application running on an Azure virtual machine must read secrets from Key Vault without storing credentials in its configuration files. Which approach is preferred?

Authentication services Medium
A. Assign a managed identity to the virtual machine
B. Use the developer's personal password
C. Make the Key Vault publicly writable
D. Store a service principal secret in a script

39 A deployment pipeline must push container images to Azure Container Registry without using an administrator account. Which option provides the most appropriate access model?

Manage Azure Container Registry Medium
A. Share the registry owner password
B. Use a service principal with scoped permissions
C. Enable anonymous push access
D. Use a public storage account key

40 A team wants an AKS cluster to pull private images from Azure Container Registry without placing registry credentials in Kubernetes manifests. What should the team configure?

Manage Azure Container Registry Medium
A. Add the registry password to every pod
B. Grant the cluster the Owner role
C. Attach the AcrPull role to the AKS identity
D. Make the registry publicly accessible

41 A company deploys Azure Bastion in a hub virtual network. Virtual machines reside in peered spoke virtual networks and have no public IP addresses. Administrators can open Bastion sessions to hub VMs but not to spoke VMs. Which configuration should be verified first?

Azure Bastion Hard
A. The spoke route tables propagate the hub virtual network gateway routes
B. The hub-to-spoke peering permits virtual network access in both directions
C. The hub contains a NAT Gateway associated with AzureBastionSubnet
D. The spoke VMs use Azure-provided DNS instead of custom DNS servers

42 An NSG protects a target VM subnet. Administrators reach the VMs only through Azure Bastion, and direct RDP or SSH from all other sources must be blocked. Which inbound rule most precisely permits the required traffic?

Azure Bastion Hard
A. Allow TCP 443 from the AzureBastionSubnet address prefix
B. Allow TCP 22 and 3389 from the AzureLoadBalancer service tag
C. Allow TCP 443 from the Internet service tag
D. Allow TCP 22 and 3389 from the AzureBastionSubnet address prefix

43 Security policy requires administrators to use their local SSH clients while Azure Bastion transports the connection to private Linux VMs. The team also needs Bastion session recording. Which design satisfies both requirements?

Azure Bastion Hard
A. Deploy the Developer SKU and enable IP-based connections plus packet capture
B. Deploy the Basic SKU and enable shareable links plus diagnostic settings
C. Deploy the Premium SKU and enable native client support plus session recording
D. Deploy the Standard SKU and enable tunneling plus NSG flow logs

44 A VM protected by an NSG has Just-in-Time access configured for TCP 3389. An approved request is made for one administrator's public IP address for two hours. What change should the administrator expect?

Just-in-Time virtual machine access Hard
A. The existing deny rule is permanently replaced with a source-specific allow rule
B. A higher-priority temporary NSG rule allows that source until access expires
C. A temporary public IP address is assigned to the VM for two hours
D. An Azure Bastion tunnel is automatically created for the approved source

45 A VM's effective route sends Internet-bound traffic through Azure Firewall, and no NSG is associated with its NIC or subnet. The VM is configured for JIT access. Which control must JIT be able to modify to grant an approved SSH request?

Just-in-Time virtual machine access Hard
A. An Azure Firewall network rule governing the VM's management traffic
B. A DNS proxy rule governing resolution of the VM's private address
C. A route table entry governing the VM's outbound default route
D. An Azure Firewall application rule governing HTTPS management traffic

46 A security engineer enables JIT on TCP 22 with a three-hour maximum duration. A developer requests access from 203.0.113.20/32 for four hours, but the request is rejected before any rule is created. Which change addresses the rejection without broadening source access?

Just-in-Time virtual machine access Hard
A. Request a duration no longer than the configured three-hour maximum
B. Change the protected port from TCP 22 to TCP 443
C. Assign a static public IP address to the target VM
D. Replace the /32 source with the VM subnet's address prefix

47 Pods in AKS must access Azure Key Vault without Kubernetes secrets, without node-level identity permissions, and without the deprecated pod-managed identity mechanism. Which configuration best meets the requirement?

Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) Hard
A. Enable OIDC issuer and workload identity, then federate a service account
B. Assign the cluster control-plane identity to each pod specification
C. Grant the kubelet managed identity direct access to every required vault
D. Store a service principal secret in a namespace-scoped Kubernetes Secret

48 An AKS private cluster resolves its API server name correctly from the hub network, but administrators on-premises cannot connect over ExpressRoute. Network security rules allow TCP 443. Which missing element is the most likely cause?

Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) Hard
A. A user-defined route from the node subnet to the Kubernetes service CIDR
B. A route from on-premises to the private endpoint address used by the API server
C. A NAT Gateway association on the subnet containing the API server endpoint
D. A public DNS record mapping the API server name to a public frontend

49 An AKS cluster enforces a default-deny egress network policy. Application pods must retrieve images from ACR during startup, so the team adds an egress rule to the application pods. Image pulls still fail. Why?

Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) Hard
A. Image pulls are performed by the API server through the pod's service account
B. Image pulls are performed by the ingress controller after the pod becomes ready
C. Image pulls are performed by the node's kubelet before the application pod runs
D. Image pulls are performed by CoreDNS through the application's egress policy

50 A deployment has 10 replicas, maxUnavailable: 0, and maxSurge: 20%. During a rolling update, what is the maximum number of pods that may exist simultaneously for this deployment?

Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) Hard
A. 11 pods
B. 10 pods
C. 12 pods
D. 20 pods

51 A storage account disables public network access and exposes a private endpoint in a spoke virtual network. Clients in a peered hub resolve the account name to its public IP and fail to connect. Routing between the networks works. What is the most direct fix?

Network isolation Hard
A. Advertise the storage public prefix through the hub gateway
B. Enable a service endpoint on the hub client subnet
C. Add the Storage service tag to the spoke subnet NSG
D. Link the appropriate Private DNS zone to the hub virtual network

52 Two private endpoints for the same Key Vault are created in separate virtual networks. A central private DNS zone is linked to both networks and contains records for both endpoint IPs. Clients must always use the endpoint local to their own network. Which design is most reliable?

Network isolation Hard
A. Keep both records and rely on DNS round-robin to select the nearest endpoint
B. Replace both private endpoints with subnet service endpoints for Key Vault
C. Use separate DNS resolution scopes so each network returns only its local endpoint
D. Use one record with both IPs and rely on virtual network peering preferences

53 A subnet uses a Storage service endpoint, and a storage firewall allows that subnet. Security now requires the storage account to have a private IP in the virtual network and to reject every public-endpoint path. What must change?

Network isolation Hard
A. Create an application gateway, enable WAF, and allow only its public frontend
B. Retain the service endpoint, add a NAT Gateway, and deny Internet outbound traffic
C. Add a user-defined route for Storage, configure BGP, and remove the subnet rule
D. Create a private endpoint, configure private DNS, and disable public network access

54 Azure Activity Log entries are visible for only the platform's standard retention period, but an auditor requires queryable records for three years. Which configuration is appropriate?

Monitor services Hard
A. Create an Azure Monitor alert rule that preserves every matching log entry
B. Enable VM insights and set each virtual machine heartbeat retention to three years
C. Export the Activity Log through a diagnostic setting to a Log Analytics workspace
D. Increase the Activity Log retention property on each Azure subscription

55 Azure Monitor Agent is installed on a VM, but a custom application log is not arriving in Log Analytics. Heartbeats from the VM are present. Which configuration should be inspected first?

Monitor services Hard
A. The subscription Activity Log diagnostic setting and event categories
B. The data collection rule and its association with the virtual machine
C. The Network Watcher topology and connection monitor test group
D. The VM boot diagnostics storage account and screenshot retention

56 An alert must fire when more than five distinct AKS nodes stop sending heartbeats during a ten-minute window. Which Azure Monitor design most directly expresses this requirement?

Monitor services Hard
A. A scheduled query alert that summarizes missing heartbeat data by node
B. A metric alert on the cluster's average CPU percentage over ten minutes
C. An Activity Log alert for virtual machine deallocation operations
D. A service health alert scoped to the AKS resource provider

57 An Azure VM application must call Azure Resource Manager without storing credentials. The VM may be deleted and recreated, but the application's Azure identity and role assignments must remain unchanged. Which identity should be used?

Authentication services Hard
A. A device identity registered through Microsoft Entra join
B. A service principal whose client secret is stored in VM metadata
C. A user-assigned managed identity attached to each replacement VM
D. A system-assigned managed identity enabled on each replacement VM

58 A workload uses a managed identity to request a token for Azure Storage successfully, but Blob data access returns HTTP 403. The identity has the Contributor role on the storage account. What is the most likely correction?

Authentication services Hard
A. Assign the Reader role at the subscription scope to the managed identity
B. Assign an appropriate Storage Blob Data role to the managed identity
C. Regenerate both storage account access keys and restart the workload
D. Add the identity as an owner of the Microsoft Entra tenant

59 An AKS cluster uses its kubelet managed identity to pull images from a private Azure Container Registry. The registry disables local admin credentials, and image pulls return 401 Unauthorized. Network connectivity is confirmed. Which action is required?

Manage Azure Container Registry Hard
A. Grant the kubelet identity the registry's image-pull data-plane role
B. Grant the control-plane identity Contributor on the AKS resource group
C. Grant each application's service account Reader on the registry resource
D. Enable the registry admin account and store its password in every namespace

60 A security team enables a private endpoint for Azure Container Registry and disables public network access. Clients resolve myregistry.azurecr.io privately, but image layer downloads fail because the registry's data endpoint resolves publicly. What DNS configuration is missing?

Manage Azure Container Registry Hard
A. A public CNAME that maps the registry endpoint directly to the client subnet
B. A reverse DNS zone containing PTR records for every registry image layer
C. Private DNS records for both the registry endpoint and its regional data endpoint
D. A private DNS record only for the Azure Resource Manager management endpoint