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Unit 2: Footprinting and Gathering Intelligence - Practice Quiz

INT245 — Penetration Testing 50 Questions
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1 Which of the following best describes the primary objective of the footprinting phase in penetration testing?

A. To gain administrative access to the system
B. To gather as much information as possible about the target system or network
C. To install a backdoor for future access
D. To launch a Denial of Service (DoS) attack

2 What is the key difference between Passive and Active footprinting?

A. Passive footprinting is illegal, while active is legal.
B. Active footprinting generates log entries on the target system, while passive usually does not.
C. Active footprinting uses open-source tools, while passive uses proprietary tools.
D. Passive footprinting involves direct interaction with the target, while active does not.

3 Which of the following is considered an OSINT (Open Source Intelligence) source?

A. Packet sniffing on a local LAN
B. Public social media profiles and WHOIS records
C. Intercepted internal company emails
D. Configuration files obtained via an exploit

4 In the context of 'Google Hacking', what does the search operator filetype:pdf accomplish?

A. It searches for websites hosted on a PDF server.
B. It restricts search results to files with the .pdf extension.
C. It searches for the text 'pdf' in the URL.
D. It converts HTML pages to PDF.

5 Which DNS record type would a penetration tester query to identify the mail servers of a target organization?

A. CNAME Record
B. A Record
C. MX Record
D. PTR Record

6 What is the purpose of the archive.org 'Wayback Machine' in the context of information gathering?

A. To view historical versions of a website to find removed information
B. To scan for open ports on a server
C. To conduct SQL injection attacks
D. To crack password hashes

7 Which tool is specifically designed to visualize relationships between people, groups, and companies using open-source intelligence?

A. John the Ripper
B. Maltego
C. Wireshark
D. Metasploit

8 A penetration tester uses the search engine Shodan. What is Shodan primarily used for?

A. Locating Internet-connected devices (IoT, SCADA, Servers)
B. Searching for academic papers
C. Reverse image searching
D. Finding people on social media

9 Which of the following activities is an example of Social Engineering?

A. Manipulating an employee into revealing their password via a phone call
B. Scanning a firewall for open ports
C. Performing a buffer overflow attack
D. Cracking a WiFi WPA2 handshake

10 What is Dumpster Diving in the context of physical security vulnerabilities?

A. Jumping over a physical security turnstile
B. Searching through trash to find discarded sensitive documents
C. Deleting files from the trash bin
D. Hiding malware in the recycle bin

11 Which term describes a social engineering attack where the attacker follows an authorized person through a secure door without using a badge?

A. Tailgating
B. Whaling
C. Spoofing
D. Phishing

12 In website information gathering, what file is checked to see which parts of the website the administrator wants to hide from search engine crawlers?

A. robots.txt
B. sitemap.xml
C. config.php
D. index.html

13 Which psychological principle of persuasion (defined by Robert Cialdini) relies on the target's tendency to obey figures such as police officers or executives?

A. Authority
B. Liking
C. Scarcity
D. Consistency

14 What is Phishing?

A. Guessing passwords using a dictionary
B. Sending fraudulent emails to induce individuals to reveal personal information
C. A physical attack on server hardware
D. Listening to network traffic

15 Which social engineering technique specifically targets high-profile executives like CEOs or CFOs?

A. Dumpster Diving
B. Baiting
C. Whaling
D. Vishing

16 What is Vishing?

A. Visual Hacking
B. Video Phishing
C. Virtual Phishing
D. Voice Phishing (using the telephone)

17 An attacker drops a USB drive labeled 'Payroll 2024' in the company parking lot, hoping an employee plugs it in. What type of attack is this?

A. Baiting
B. Pretexting
C. Tailgating
D. Quid Pro Quo

18 Which tool is commonly used to harvest email addresses and subdomains from public sources like search engines and PGP servers?

A. Nmap
B. theHarvester
C. Aircrack-ng
D. Wireshark

19 What information does the command nslookup primarily provide?

A. List of open ports
B. MAC addresses of local machines
C. Operating System version
D. DNS records and IP address mapping

20 In the context of physical security, what is Shoulder Surfing?

A. Sharing a WiFi connection
B. Browsing the internet on someone else's computer
C. Using a ladder to climb over a wall
D. Looking over a user's shoulder to view passwords or sensitive data

21 Which social engineering attack involves creating a fabricated scenario to persuade a victim to release information?

A. Pretexting
B. War Driving
C. Sniffing
D. Port Scanning

22 What is the primary purpose of Competitive Intelligence gathering in footprinting?

A. To understand the target organization's market position, partners, and technologies
B. To install ransomware
C. To shut down a competitor's website
D. To steal physical assets from a competitor

23 When performing website mirroring (e.g., using HTTrack), what is the attacker attempting to do?

A. Deface the website
B. Download a local copy of the website for offline analysis
C. Crash the web server
D. Inject SQL commands

24 Which Google Dork operator would you use to find pages specifically containing the phrase 'login' in the URL?

A. intext:login
B. inurl:login
C. filetype:login
D. site:login

25 What allows an attacker to obtain a complete copy of the DNS database for a domain?

A. DNS Reflection
B. DNS Zone Transfer
C. DNS Spoofing
D. DNS Cache Poisoning

26 Which of the following is an example of Passive Information Gathering?

A. Running a port scan with Nmap
B. Injecting XSS payloads
C. Attempting default passwords on a login page
D. Browsing the target's LinkedIn employee list

27 What is Smishing?

A. Phishing via SMS (Text Message)
B. Phishing via SMTP
C. Phishing via Social Media
D. Phishing via Smart Mail

28 In the context of the Human Psyche, 'Scarcity' creates a feeling of:

A. Obligation to return a favor
B. Urgency due to limited availability
C. Trust in authority
D. Comfort in following the crowd

29 What is the Quid Pro Quo social engineering technique?

A. Looking through trash
B. Pretending to be a CEO
C. Threatening the victim
D. Promising a benefit in exchange for information

30 Which tool can be used to extract Metadata (EXIF data) from images found on a target's website?

A. Traceroute
B. Netcat
C. Ping
D. ExifTool

31 What does the traceroute (or tracert) command help a penetration tester identify?

A. The web server software version
B. The path packets take and intermediate routers (network topology)
C. The passwords of users
D. The content of the database

32 What is Lock Picking classified as?

A. A physical security attack
B. A social engineering attack
C. A network-based attack
D. A cryptographic attack

33 Which online database allows users to look up the ownership and contact details of a domain name?

A. ARP
B. DHCP
C. WHOIS
D. NAT

34 What does the acronym OSINT stand for?

A. Operating System Integration
B. Official Security Intelligence
C. Open Source Intelligence
D. Open Source Internal Network Technology

35 A hacker calls a receptionist claiming to be from the IT department and asks for the WiFi password to 'fix the network'. This is an example of:

A. SQL Injection
B. Dumpster Diving
C. Buffer Overflow
D. Impersonation

36 Which Google search operator restricts results to a specific domain (e.g., only showing results from example.com)?

A. site:example.com
B. domain:example.com
C. host:example.com
D. link:example.com

37 Why is Social Media scrubbing (gathering data from Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter) valuable to a penetration tester?

A. It directly provides root access to servers.
B. It allows for physical access to the building.
C. It helps build a profile of employees for password guessing and social engineering.
D. It crashes the target's network.

38 What is the best countermeasure against Dumpster Diving?

A. Shredding sensitive documents before disposal
B. Installing a firewall
C. Using strong passwords
D. Encrypting email

39 In the context of Human Vulnerabilities, what does FOMO (Fear Of Missing Out) relate to?

A. Physical bypassing of locks
B. Social engineering leveraging Urgency/Scarcity
C. Wireless encryption cracking
D. Technical exploitations

40 What is Piggybacking in physical security?

A. An unauthorized person enters a secure area with the consent/knowledge of an authorized person.
B. Copying a hard drive.
C. Using a brute force attack.
D. Intercepting WiFi signals.

41 Which tool would you use to identify the technologies (CMS, Web Server, Frameworks) used by a website?

A. Ping
B. Notepad
C. BuiltWith
D. Calculator

42 What is the risk of Reverse Image Searching an employee's profile picture?

A. It infects the computer with a virus.
B. It changes the employee's password.
C. It can reveal other social media profiles using the same image.
D. It deletes the image from the server.

43 Which DNS record type maps an IP address back to a hostname (Reverse DNS)?

A. A
B. NS
C. PTR
D. MX

44 Which of the following describes Insider Threat?

A. A denial of service attack from a botnet.
B. A threat from a disgruntled or compromised employee within the organization.
C. An attack originating from outside the firewall.
D. A virus downloaded from the internet.

45 What type of information is found in the EDGAR database?

A. Financial reports of publicly traded US companies
B. DNS records
C. Criminal records
D. Email passwords

46 The command ping is used primarily to test:

A. Reachability of a host on an IP network
B. The type of web server software
C. The strength of a password
D. The speed of the CPU

47 Which social engineering tactic relies on the principle of 'Social Proof' (Consensus)?

A. 'Everyone else in the department has already updated their password.'
B. 'Do this because the CEO said so.'
C. 'This offer expires in 5 minutes.'
D. 'I will give you a gift card if you help me.'

48 What is RFID Cloning?

A. Duplicating an email
B. Cloning a website
C. Copying the data from an RFID badge to a blank card to gain physical access
D. Copying a biological fingerprint

49 In the context of footprinting, what is the 'target address range'?

A. The list of email addresses
B. The range of WiFi signal
C. The physical distance between the hacker and the server
D. The set of IP addresses owned or used by the target organization

50 If a penetration tester finds a document with the extension .xls via Google Dorking, what kind of data are they likely looking at?

A. An executable program
B. A database backup
C. An Excel spreadsheet
D. A PDF document
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