1Which of the following cities is collectively known as the "Big Four" fashion capitals of the world?
A.Paris, Milan, London, New York
B.Paris, Tokyo, Berlin, New York
C.Milan, Rome, London, Los Angeles
D.London, Shanghai, Paris, Sydney
Correct Answer: Paris, Milan, London, New York
Explanation:The "Big Four" fashion capitals that dominate the global fashion industry and host the major Fashion Weeks are Paris, Milan, London, and New York.
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2Which French fashion designer is credited with revolutionizing women's fashion in the 1920s by introducing the "Little Black Dress" and liberating women from corsets?
A.Christian Dior
B.Coco Chanel
C.Yves Saint Laurent
D.Hubert de Givenchy
Correct Answer: Coco Chanel
Explanation:Coco Chanel is an iconic innovator who introduced the Little Black Dress (LBD) and popularized sporty, casual chic as the feminine standard of style, replacing the corset.
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3Which city is historically recognized as the birthplace and center of Haute Couture?
A.Milan
B.New York
C.Paris
D.London
Correct Answer: Paris
Explanation:Paris is considered the epicenter of Haute Couture, governed by the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture.
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4In 1947, Christian Dior launched his first collection which was dubbed by Harper's Bazaar as the "__".
A.New Look
B.Modern Era
C.French Revolution
D.Golden Age
Correct Answer: New Look
Explanation:Christian Dior's debut collection featuring rounded shoulders, a cinched waist, and a very full skirt was famously dubbed the "New Look".
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5Which London street is globally renowned for its history of bespoke men's tailoring?
A.Oxford Street
B.Carnaby Street
C.Savile Row
D.Bond Street
Correct Answer: Savile Row
Explanation:Savile Row in Mayfair, London, is famous worldwide for its traditional bespoke tailoring for men.
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6Which American designer is best known for defining American style with his preppy, polo-player logo and lifestyle brand?
A.Marc Jacobs
B.Calvin Klein
C.Ralph Lauren
D.Tom Ford
Correct Answer: Ralph Lauren
Explanation:Ralph Lauren is a global fashion innovator known for marketing a distinct vision of American heritage and preppy style.
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7Which Italian city is primarily known for its luxury ready-to-wear (prêt-à-porter) industry and high-quality textiles?
A.Rome
B.Milan
C.Florence
D.Venice
Correct Answer: Milan
Explanation:While Rome has a history of couture, Milan is the industrial and financial powerhouse of Italian fashion, known for luxury ready-to-wear and textile production.
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8Which fashion icon was the muse of Hubert de Givenchy and is famous for her opening scene in the movie Breakfast at Tiffany's?
A.Marilyn Monroe
B.Audrey Hepburn
C.Grace Kelly
D.Elizabeth Taylor
Correct Answer: Audrey Hepburn
Explanation:Audrey Hepburn had a lifelong friendship with Givenchy, and her style in Breakfast at Tiffany's became iconic in fashion history.
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9Which British designer is associated with the punk fashion movement of the 1970s?
A.Stella McCartney
B.Alexander McQueen
C.Vivienne Westwood
D.Paul Smith
Correct Answer: Vivienne Westwood
Explanation:Vivienne Westwood, along with Malcolm McLaren, was instrumental in bringing modern punk and new wave fashions into the mainstream.
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10New York fashion is historically most associated with which category of clothing?
A.Avant-garde
B.Haute Couture
C.Sportswear and Ready-to-Wear
D.Bespoke Tailoring
Correct Answer: Sportswear and Ready-to-Wear
Explanation:New York became a fashion capital through its development of practical, mass-produced sportswear and accessible ready-to-wear clothing.
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11Which designer introduced the tuxedo suit for women, known as "Le Smoking", in 1966?
A.Yves Saint Laurent
B.Christian Dior
C.Karl Lagerfeld
D.Jean Paul Gaultier
Correct Answer: Yves Saint Laurent
Explanation:Yves Saint Laurent created "Le Smoking", the first tuxedo suit designed specifically for women, challenging gender norms.
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12Which Japanese designer is the founder of Comme des Garçons and is known for challenging Western notions of the body with avant-garde, deconstructed designs?
A.Issey Miyake
B.Yohji Yamamoto
C.Rei Kawakubo
D.Kenzo Takada
Correct Answer: Rei Kawakubo
Explanation:Rei Kawakubo is the founder of Comme des Garçons and is celebrated for her anti-fashion, avant-garde approach that often deconstructs traditional garment shapes.
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13Who is considered the "Father of Haute Couture"?
A.Charles Frederick Worth
B.Paul Poiret
C.Louis Vuitton
D.Guccio Gucci
Correct Answer: Charles Frederick Worth
Explanation:Charles Frederick Worth was an English fashion designer who founded the House of Worth in Paris and is widely considered the father of Haute Couture.
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14Which fashion icon had a Hermes bag named after her following a chance encounter with the brand's chief executive on a flight?
A.Grace Kelly
B.Jane Birkin
C.Jackie Kennedy
D.Princess Diana
Correct Answer: Jane Birkin
Explanation:The Birkin bag was created for Jane Birkin after the contents of her straw bag spilled in front of Jean-Louis Dumas of Hermès on a flight.
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15What is the primary significance of the "Golden Quadrangle" (Quadrilatero della Moda)?
A.It is the garment district in New York.
B.It is the luxury shopping district in Milan.
C.It is the location of the Louvre in Paris.
D.It is the textile manufacturing hub in Shanghai.
Correct Answer: It is the luxury shopping district in Milan.
Explanation:The Golden Quadrangle is a high-class shopping district in the center of Milan, home to many of the world's major fashion houses.
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16Which American designer is credited with creating the concept of "Seven Easy Pieces" for the modern working woman?
A.Donna Karan
B.Vera Wang
C.Betsey Johnson
D.Carolina Herrera
Correct Answer: Donna Karan
Explanation:Donna Karan launched her collection based on "Seven Easy Pieces", a system of dressing designed to simplify the wardrobe of the modern career woman.
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17Which iconic handbag was named after Princess Grace of Monaco?
A.The Speedy
B.The 2.55
C.The Kelly
D.The Baguette
Correct Answer: The Kelly
Explanation:The Hermès Sac à dépêches was renamed the Kelly Bag after Grace Kelly famously used it to shield her pregnancy from paparazzi.
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18Which Italian designer was murdered in 1997 but left a legacy of bold prints, bondage-inspired dresses, and the rise of the "Supermodel" era?
A.Giorgio Armani
B.Gianni Versace
C.Valentino Garavani
D.Franco Moschino
Correct Answer: Gianni Versace
Explanation:Gianni Versace was known for his glamorous, bold style and his pivotal role in creating the supermodel phenomenon before his death in 1997.
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19The district known as "Harajuku" is famous for street fashion in which global capital?
A.Seoul
B.Tokyo
C.Beijing
D.Bangkok
Correct Answer: Tokyo
Explanation:Harajuku is a district in Tokyo, Japan, renowned internationally as a center of Japanese youth culture and extreme street fashion.
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20Which material is the French luxury house Louis Vuitton originally most famous for?
A.Denim
B.Canvas Luggage
C.Silk Scarves
D.Wool Suits
Correct Answer: Canvas Luggage
Explanation:Louis Vuitton began as a trunk-maker (malletier) in 1854, famous for his stackable flat-topped canvas trunks and luggage.
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21Which British designer, known for his theatrical runway shows and impeccable tailoring, created the controversial "Highland Rape" collection?
A.John Galliano
B.Alexander McQueen
C.Christopher Kane
D.Gareth Pugh
Correct Answer: Alexander McQueen
Explanation:Alexander McQueen was known for his emotional, controversial, and highly theatrical runway shows, including the "Highland Rape" collection.
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22Which term describes the rapid production of clothing by mass-market retailers in response to the latest trends?
A.Slow Fashion
B.Haute Couture
C.Fast Fashion
D.Bespoke
Correct Answer: Fast Fashion
Explanation:Fast Fashion refers to inexpensive clothing produced rapidly by mass-market retailers in response to the latest trends (e.g., Zara, H&M).
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23Seventh Avenue in New York City is also known as:
A.The Diamond District
B.Fashion Avenue
C.The Golden Mile
D.Tailor's Row
Correct Answer: Fashion Avenue
Explanation:A section of Seventh Avenue in the Garment District of Manhattan is widely known as Fashion Avenue.
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24Which Italian designer is often called the "King of Greige" and is famous for deconstructed jackets and power suits?
A.Roberto Cavalli
B.Giorgio Armani
C.Dolce & Gabbana
D.Gucci
Correct Answer: Giorgio Armani
Explanation:Giorgio Armani revolutionized men's and women's tailoring by removing padding and lining to create a softer, more relaxed "power suit".
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25Which pop star is considered a major fashion icon, particularly for her collaboration with Jean Paul Gaultier on the "Cone Bra" corset?
A.Madonna
B.Lady Gaga
C.Cher
D.Beyoncé
Correct Answer: Madonna
Explanation:Madonna wore the iconic Cone Bra corset designed by Jean Paul Gaultier during her 1990 Blond Ambition World Tour.
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26Which Japanese designer is famous for his "Pleats Please" line and innovative use of technology in fabric?
A.Issey Miyake
B.Kenzo Takada
C.Yohji Yamamoto
D.Jun Takahashi
Correct Answer: Issey Miyake
Explanation:Issey Miyake is renowned for his technology-driven clothing designs, most notably the permanent pleating technique used in his "Pleats Please" line.
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27The "Antwerp Six" is a group of avant-garde fashion designers from which country?
A.Netherlands
B.Germany
C.Belgium
D.France
Correct Answer: Belgium
Explanation:The Antwerp Six refers to a group of influential avant-garde fashion designers who graduated from Antwerp's Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Belgium in the early 80s.
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28Which British supermodel and fashion icon became the face of the 1960s "Mod" scene?
A.Kate Moss
B.Twiggy
C.Naomi Campbell
D.Jean Shrimpton
Correct Answer: Twiggy
Explanation:Twiggy (Lesley Hornby) became a global icon of the 1960s, representing the thin, androgynous "Mod" look.
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29Which American brand is credited with inventing blue jeans?
A.Lee
B.Wrangler
C.Levi Strauss & Co.
D.Gap
Correct Answer: Levi Strauss & Co.
Explanation:Levi Strauss, along with tailor Jacob Davis, patented the process of putting rivets in men's work pants, creating the first blue jeans in 1873.
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30Who served as the creative director for both Chanel and Fendi for decades, becoming one of the most recognizable figures in fashion?
A.Tom Ford
B.Karl Lagerfeld
C.Marc Jacobs
D.Virgil Abloh
Correct Answer: Karl Lagerfeld
Explanation:Karl Lagerfeld was a prolific German designer who helmed Chanel and Fendi simultaneously until his death.
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31Which city is home to the "Triangle d'Or" (Golden Triangle), a famous area for high fashion?
A.Paris
B.Milan
C.New York
D.Tokyo
Correct Answer: Paris
Explanation:The Triangle d'Or is located in Paris, bordered by Avenue Montaigne, Avenue George V, and the Champs-Élysées.
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32What is the English translation of Prêt-à-Porter?
A.Made to Measure
B.Ready-to-Wear
C.High Sewing
D.Street Style
Correct Answer: Ready-to-Wear
Explanation:Prêt-à-Porter translates from French as Ready-to-Wear.
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33Which fashion icon famously wore the "Revenge Dress" to the Serpentine Gallery in 1994?
A.Princess Diana
B.Sarah Ferguson
C.Princess Margaret
D.Kate Middleton
Correct Answer: Princess Diana
Explanation:Princess Diana wore the off-the-shoulder black chiffon dress (by Christina Stambolian) on the same night Prince Charles admitted to adultery on national television.
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34Burberry is a British luxury brand most famous for which item?
A.The Trench Coat
B.The Tweed Jacket
C.The Silk Tie
D.The Bowler Hat
Correct Answer: The Trench Coat
Explanation:Burberry is globally iconic for its invention and popularization of the Trench Coat, originally designed for military use.
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35Which designer is known for his minimalist aesthetic and controversial 1990s advertising campaigns featuring Kate Moss?
A.Tommy Hilfiger
B.Calvin Klein
C.Michael Kors
D.Perry Ellis
Correct Answer: Calvin Klein
Explanation:Calvin Klein is known for minimalism and his provocative 90s ads for jeans and underwear featuring Kate Moss and Mark Wahlberg.
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36Which of these is NOT considered one of the Big Four fashion weeks?
A.Berlin Fashion Week
B.New York Fashion Week
C.London Fashion Week
D.Milan Fashion Week
Correct Answer: Berlin Fashion Week
Explanation:While Berlin has a fashion week, it is not part of the traditional Big Four (NY, London, Milan, Paris).
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37Miuccia Prada transformed her family's leather goods business into a global fashion empire, famously introducing backpacks made of which material?
A.Nylon
B.Velvet
C.Denim
D.Canvas
Correct Answer: Nylon
Explanation:Miuccia Prada introduced a black nylon backpack in 1984, which became an unexpected status symbol and launched the brand into ready-to-wear.
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38Which musician was known as the "Thin White Duke" and influenced fashion with his androgynous alter ego "Ziggy Stardust"?
A.Elton John
B.Prince
C.David Bowie
D.Freddie Mercury
Correct Answer: David Bowie
Explanation:David Bowie was a massive fashion icon known for his constant reinvention and androgynous glam rock persona, Ziggy Stardust.
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39The Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA) is headquartered in which city?
A.Los Angeles
B.Chicago
C.New York
D.Miami
Correct Answer: New York
Explanation:The CFDA, a non-profit trade association, is headquartered in New York City.
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40Which French designer was known as the "Enfant Terrible" of fashion and used unconventional models and corsetry as outerwear?
A.Jean Paul Gaultier
B.Christian Lacroix
C.Thierry Mugler
D.Azzedine Alaïa
Correct Answer: Jean Paul Gaultier
Explanation:Jean Paul Gaultier was known as the enfant terrible (terrible child) for his playful, rebellious designs and challenging of gender roles.
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41Who is the long-time editor-in-chief of American Vogue and a powerful gatekeeper in the global fashion industry?
A.Diana Vreeland
B.Anna Wintour
C.Carine Roitfeld
D.Grace Coddington
Correct Answer: Anna Wintour
Explanation:Anna Wintour has been the editor-in-chief of Vogue since 1988 and is one of the most influential figures in fashion.
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42Which Indian city is emerging as a fashion capital due to its Bollywood influence and textile industry?
A.New Delhi
B.Mumbai
C.Bangalore
D.Kolkata
Correct Answer: Mumbai
Explanation:Mumbai is the hub of the Indian entertainment industry (Bollywood) and a major center for Indian fashion and luxury.
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43Cristóbal Balenciaga was a master couturier originally from which country?
A.Italy
B.France
C.Spain
D.Portugal
Correct Answer: Spain
Explanation:Cristóbal Balenciaga was a Spanish designer, though he established his most famous fashion house in Paris.
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44Which of the following best describes "Glo-cal" fashion?
A.Clothing made only in California.
B.Global brands tailoring their products to fit local tastes and cultures.
C.Clothing that glows in the dark.
D.Fashion that is strictly global with no local variation.
Correct Answer: Global brands tailoring their products to fit local tastes and cultures.
Explanation:Glocalization in fashion refers to global brands adapting their strategies and designs to suit local cultural preferences.
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45The "Wrap Dress", a symbol of women's liberation in the 70s, was popularized by:
A.Diane von Fürstenberg
B.Sonia Rykiel
C.Mary Quant
D.Carolina Herrera
Correct Answer: Diane von Fürstenberg
Explanation:Diane von Fürstenberg (DVF) introduced the knitted jersey wrap dress in 1974.
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46Which fashion capital is most closely associated with the "Bohemian" and "Street Style" mix?
A.Paris
B.London
C.Milan
D.New York
Correct Answer: London
Explanation:London is famously known for its eclectic mix of tradition and rebellious street style/bohemian influences.
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47Who was the first African-American artistic director for Louis Vuitton's menswear?
A.Kanye West
B.Virgil Abloh
C.Pharrell Williams
D.Olivier Rousteing
Correct Answer: Virgil Abloh
Explanation:Virgil Abloh made history as the artistic director of Louis Vuitton's menswear collection starting in 2018.
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48Elsa Schiaparelli was a rival of Coco Chanel and was heavily influenced by which art movement?
A.Impressionism
B.Surrealism
C.Cubism
D.Pop Art
Correct Answer: Surrealism
Explanation:Elsa Schiaparelli collaborated with Surrealist artists like Salvador Dalí (e.g., the Lobster Dress).
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49Which luxury brand is known for its signature red-soled shoes?
A.Jimmy Choo
B.Manolo Blahnik
C.Christian Louboutin
D.Salvatore Ferragamo
Correct Answer: Christian Louboutin
Explanation:Christian Louboutin is famous for his high heels featuring shiny, red-lacquered soles.
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50What is the main purpose of a "Resort" or "Cruise" collection in the global fashion calendar?
A.To showcase winter coats.
B.To bridge the gap between Winter and Spring collections for wealthy travelers.
C.To sell only swimwear.
D.To replace the Couture shows.
Correct Answer: To bridge the gap between Winter and Spring collections for wealthy travelers.
Explanation:Resort (or Cruise) collections are inter-season lines originally designed for wealthy customers vacationing in warm climates during the winter months.
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