After a negative adverb such as never, inversion places the auxiliary before the subject.
Incorrect! Try again.
10Which sentence emphasizes the subject correctly?
emphatic structures
Easy
A.I am understand the lesson.
B.I does understand the lesson.
C.I did understanding the lesson.
D.I do understand the lesson.
Correct Answer: I do understand the lesson.
Explanation:
The auxiliary do can emphasize a present simple verb.
Incorrect! Try again.
11Choose the correct preposition: "She is interested ___ science."
verb+preposition combinations
Easy
A.on
B.at
C.in
D.with
Correct Answer: in
Explanation:
The correct combination is interested in.
Incorrect! Try again.
12Which sentence is a mixed conditional?
mixed conditionals
Easy
A.If I study, I will pass.
B.If I studied, I would pass.
C.If I had studied, I would be confident now.
D.If I had studied, I would have passed.
Correct Answer: If I had studied, I would be confident now.
Explanation:
A mixed conditional connects a past condition with a present result.
Incorrect! Try again.
13Choose the correct relative pronoun: "The teacher ___ helped me was kind."
relatives and participles
Easy
A.when
B.where
C.which
D.who
Correct Answer: who
Explanation:
Who is used for people in defining relative clauses.
Incorrect! Try again.
14Which discourse marker introduces a contrast?
discourse markers
Easy
A.moreover
B.therefore
C.however
D.firstly
Correct Answer: however
Explanation:
However signals a contrast between ideas.
Incorrect! Try again.
15Choose the connector that shows a reason: "We stayed inside ___ it was raining."
connectors
Easy
A.unless
B.although
C.while
D.because
Correct Answer: because
Explanation:
Because introduces the reason for an action.
Incorrect! Try again.
16Choose the correct passive sentence.
passive construction and reporting
Easy
A.The letter was written by Ana.
B.The letter is write by Ana.
C.The letter has wrote by Ana.
D.The letter wrote by Ana.
Correct Answer: The letter was written by Ana.
Explanation:
The past simple passive uses was/were + past participle.
Incorrect! Try again.
17Which sentence uses will correctly for a future decision?
future forms
Easy
A.I call will you tonight.
B.I will call you tonight.
C.I calling you tonight.
D.I have call you tonight.
Correct Answer: I will call you tonight.
Explanation:
The future with will uses will + base verb.
Incorrect! Try again.
18Which linking word adds another idea?
linking words
Easy
A.but
B.because
C.although
D.also
Correct Answer: also
Explanation:
Also is used to add information.
Incorrect! Try again.
19Which sentence expresses obligation?
modal auxiliary verbs
Easy
A.You might wear a helmet.
B.You would wear a helmet.
C.You could wear a helmet.
D.You must wear a helmet.
Correct Answer: You must wear a helmet.
Explanation:
Must expresses strong obligation or necessity.
Incorrect! Try again.
20Which reporting structure is correct?
passive construction and reporting
Easy
A.It saying that he is honest.
B.It said that he is honest.
C.It is said that he is honest.
D.It is say that he is honest.
Correct Answer: It is said that he is honest.
Explanation:
The reporting passive uses it is said that + clause.
Incorrect! Try again.
21Although Maya usually works from home, this week she ___ in the company office.
simple and continuous tenses
Medium
A.has worked
B.worked
C.is working
D.works
Correct Answer: is working
Explanation:
The present continuous is used for a temporary activity happening around the present time.
Incorrect! Try again.
22By the time the lecture began, the students ___ their assignments.
perfect and non-perfect tenses
Medium
A.had submitted
B.submit
C.have submitted
D.were submitting
Correct Answer: had submitted
Explanation:
The past perfect shows that submitting the assignments happened before another past event.
Incorrect! Try again.
23The researcher was ___ disappointed by the unreliable results.
adverb collocations and adjectives
Medium
A.strongly
B.firmly
C.deeply
D.highly
Correct Answer: deeply
Explanation:
"Deeply disappointed" is the natural adverb-adjective collocation.
Incorrect! Try again.
24The manager suggested ___ the meeting until Friday.
verb patterns and infinitives and/or -ing
Medium
A.postpone
B.to postpone
C.postponed
D.postponing
Correct Answer: postponing
Explanation:
The verb "suggest" is followed by a gerund, not normally by an infinitive.
Incorrect! Try again.
25You ___ have informed us earlier; the delay could have been avoided.
modal auxiliary verbs
Medium
A.should
B.may
C.must
D.can
Correct Answer: should
Explanation:
"Should have informed" expresses criticism or regret about an action that was not done.
Incorrect! Try again.
26Choose the sentence in which a word has been correctly omitted.
missing words out
Medium
A.The report more useful than the previous one.
B.The report is more useful the previous one.
C.The report is more useful than the previous one.
D.The report is more useful than the previous one was.
Correct Answer: The report is more useful than the previous one.
Explanation:
In comparisons, repeated words can be omitted when the meaning remains clear.
Incorrect! Try again.
27A: "Would you like to join the discussion?" B: "Yes, I would like ___."
reduced infinitives
Medium
A.join
B.to
C.joined
D.joining
Correct Answer: to
Explanation:
After "would like," the infinitive can be reduced to "to" when the main verb is understood.
Incorrect! Try again.
28___ had the presentation started when the fire alarm sounded.
negative inversion
Medium
A.Not until
B.No sooner
C.Only then
D.Rarely
Correct Answer: No sooner
Explanation:
The pattern "No sooner had ... than" uses negative inversion to emphasize the immediate sequence of events.
Incorrect! Try again.
29Which sentence correctly emphasizes that the director approved the proposal?
emphatic structures
Medium
A.It did the director who approve the proposal.
B.It was the director which approved the proposal.
C.It was the director who approved the proposal.
D.It is the director whom approved the proposal.
Correct Answer: It was the director who approved the proposal.
Explanation:
The cleft structure "It was ... who" emphasizes the person responsible for the action.
Incorrect! Try again.
30The committee agreed to ___ the matter before making a decision.
verb+preposition combinations
Medium
A.look after
B.look at to
C.look for
D.look into
Correct Answer: look into
Explanation:
"Look into" means to investigate or examine a matter.
Incorrect! Try again.
31If Daniel had accepted the scholarship, he ___ abroad now.
mixed conditionals
Medium
A.would be studying
B.studies
C.will study
D.would have studied
Correct Answer: would be studying
Explanation:
The past condition has a present result, so the mixed conditional uses "would be studying."
Incorrect! Try again.
32The documents ___ by the auditors revealed several inconsistencies.
relatives and participles
Medium
A.examining
B.examine
C.were examined
D.examined
Correct Answer: examined
Explanation:
The past participle "examined" forms a reduced relative clause meaning "which were examined."
Incorrect! Try again.
33The evidence appears convincing. ___, further research is still needed.
discourse markers
Medium
A.For example
B.Similarly
C.Therefore
D.However
Correct Answer: However
Explanation:
"However" introduces a contrast between convincing evidence and the need for more research.
Incorrect! Try again.
34The experiment was repeated ___ the initial results were inconclusive.
connectors
Medium
A.although
B.because
C.unless
D.whereas
Correct Answer: because
Explanation:
"Because" introduces the reason why the experiment was repeated.
Incorrect! Try again.
35Researchers believe that the new method will reduce processing time. Choose the correct passive reporting form.
passive construction and reporting
Medium
A.The new method has believed to reduce processing time.
B.The new method believes to reduce processing time.
C.The new method is believing to reduce processing time.
D.The new method is believed to reduce processing time.
Correct Answer: The new method is believed to reduce processing time.
Explanation:
The passive reporting structure is "subject + is believed + to-infinitive."
Incorrect! Try again.
36Look at those dark clouds. It ___ rain before the match begins.
future forms
Medium
A.is
B.would
C.will have
D.is going to
Correct Answer: is going to
Explanation:
"Be going to" expresses a prediction based on present evidence.
Incorrect! Try again.
37The proposal was expensive; ___, the board approved it because of its long-term benefits.
linking words
Medium
A.as a result
B.in addition
C.otherwise
D.nevertheless
Correct Answer: nevertheless
Explanation:
"Nevertheless" introduces a result that contrasts with the preceding difficulty.
Incorrect! Try again.
38Leena ___ at the university for three years before she moved to another city.
perfect and non-perfect tenses
Medium
A.was taught
B.had been teaching
C.teaches
D.has taught
Correct Answer: had been teaching
Explanation:
The past perfect continuous emphasizes an ongoing activity that continued up to a point in the past.
Incorrect! Try again.
39The lights are off and nobody is answering. They ___ have left already.
modal auxiliary verbs
Medium
A.must
B.need
C.should
D.would
Correct Answer: must
Explanation:
"Must have left" expresses a strong logical conclusion about a past event.
Incorrect! Try again.
40The conference, ___ in Singapore last month, attracted researchers from twelve countries.
relatives and participles
Medium
A.holding
B.held
C.having hold
D.was held
Correct Answer: held
Explanation:
The past participle "held" reduces the relative clause "which was held in Singapore."
Incorrect! Try again.
41Choose the option that best completes the sentence: "This is the third time this month that the laboratory equipment while technicians ."
simple and continuous tenses
Hard
A.is failing / test it
B.had failed / are testing it
C.fails / have tested it
D.has failed / were testing it
Correct Answer: has failed / were testing it
Explanation:
"This is the third time" requires the present perfect, while the continuous background activity is expressed by the past continuous.
Incorrect! Try again.
42Choose the sentence that correctly distinguishes an earlier completed event from a later past event.
perfect and non-perfect tenses
Hard
A.By the time the auditors arrived, the manager left.
B.By the time the auditors had arrived, the manager has left.
C.By the time the auditors arrived, the manager had left.
D.By the time the auditors were arriving, the manager has been leaving.
Correct Answer: By the time the auditors arrived, the manager had left.
Explanation:
The past perfect marks the manager's departure as earlier than the auditors' arrival, which is expressed in the simple past.
Incorrect! Try again.
43Which option contains the most idiomatic adverb-adjective collocation?
adverb collocations and adjectives
Hard
A.The board was utterly unanimous about the proposal.
B.The board was deeply unanimous about the proposal.
C.The board was strongly unanimous about the proposal.
D.The board was highly unanimous about the proposal after reviewing every financial and legal implication.
Correct Answer: The board was utterly unanimous about the proposal.
Explanation:
"Utterly unanimous" is an idiomatic collocation because "unanimous" expresses an absolute state. Degree adverbs such as "deeply" and "highly" are unsuitable here.
Incorrect! Try again.
44Choose the option that preserves the intended meaning: Priya paused her presentation in order to answer a question.
verb patterns and infinitives and/or -ing
Hard
A.Priya stopped answering a question.
B.Priya stopped having answered a question.
C.Priya stopped for answering a question.
D.Priya stopped to answer a question.
Correct Answer: Priya stopped to answer a question.
Explanation:
"Stop to do" means interrupt one activity in order to perform another. "Stop doing" means cease the stated activity.
Incorrect! Try again.
45The confidential file is no longer in the locked cabinet, and only Mira knew the access code. Which sentence expresses the strongest logical deduction about a past event?
modal auxiliary verbs
Hard
A.Mira should remove it.
B.Mira must have removed it.
C.Mira would have been required to remove it under the previous security procedure.
D.Mira might be removing it.
Correct Answer: Mira must have removed it.
Explanation:
"Must have" plus a past participle expresses a strong deduction about a completed past event.
Incorrect! Try again.
46Choose the grammatically acceptable elliptical completion: "The first proposal was more innovative than the second , but the second was easier to implement than the first ."
missing words out
Hard
A.did / did
B.proposal did / proposal was
C.one / one
D.was / was
Correct Answer: was / was
Explanation:
The omitted material is adjectival: "than the second was [innovative]" and "than the first was [easy to implement]." The auxiliary "was" supports both omissions.
Incorrect! Try again.
47Choose the option that correctly uses a reduced infinitive without changing the meaning: "Noah did not attend the briefing, although he had intended to attend it."
reduced infinitives
Hard
A.Noah did not attend the briefing, although he had intended.
B.Noah did not attend the briefing, although he had intended to.
C.Noah did not attend the briefing, although he had intended doing.
D.Noah did not attend the briefing, although he had intended to have been attending it.
Correct Answer: Noah did not attend the briefing, although he had intended to.
Explanation:
When the infinitive's meaning is recoverable, its lexical verb may be omitted while the infinitival marker "to" remains.
Incorrect! Try again.
48Choose the grammatically correct sentence.
negative inversion
Hard
A.Not until the data had been reanalyzed the researchers did detect the anomaly.
B.Not until the data were reanalyzed did the researchers detect the anomaly.
C.Not until were the data reanalyzed did the researchers detect the anomaly.
D.Not until the data were reanalyzed the researchers detected the anomaly.
Correct Answer: Not until the data were reanalyzed did the researchers detect the anomaly.
Explanation:
A fronted "not until" phrase triggers subject-auxiliary inversion in the main clause, not in the subordinate clause.
Incorrect! Try again.
49Which cleft sentence emphasizes the reason for the committee's rejection rather than the rejected item or the time of rejection?
emphatic structures
Hard
A.It was because the figures were unverifiable that the committee rejected the budget.
B.What the committee rejected was the revised budget.
C.The reason why the committee rejected the revised budget was that several projected figures could not be independently verified.
D.It was the revised budget that the committee rejected.
Correct Answer: It was because the figures were unverifiable that the committee rejected the budget.
Explanation:
The cleft places the causal clause after "It was," giving explicit emphasis to the reason for the rejection.
Incorrect! Try again.
50Choose the option containing the correct verb-preposition combinations: "The inquiry allegations of misconduct and ultimately a recommendation for stricter oversight."
verb+preposition combinations
Hard
A.resulted with / led into
B.resulted in / led from
C.resulted of / led for
D.resulted from / led to
Correct Answer: resulted from / led to
Explanation:
"Result from" introduces a cause, whereas "lead to" introduces a consequence or outcome.
Incorrect! Try again.
51Choose the sentence that means: Her earlier failure to back up the database explains why she is dealing with the consequences now.
mixed conditionals
Hard
A.If she had backed up the database, she would not be facing this problem now.
B.If she were backing up the database, she would not have faced this problem yesterday.
C.If she would have backed up the database, she had not faced this problem now.
D.If she backed up the database, she would not face this problem now.
Correct Answer: If she had backed up the database, she would not be facing this problem now.
Explanation:
The past perfect condition refers to an unreal past action, while "would not be facing" expresses its present consequence.
Incorrect! Try again.
52Choose the sentence in which the reduced relative clause is both grammatical and logically equivalent to: "Applicants who have been shortlisted will be contacted tomorrow."
relatives and participles
Hard
A.Applicants shortlisted will be contacted tomorrow.
B.Applicants who shortlisted by the panel will be contacted tomorrow after all supporting documents have been independently reviewed.
C.Applicants being shortlisted will have contacted tomorrow.
D.Applicants having shortlisted will be contacted tomorrow.
Correct Answer: Applicants shortlisted will be contacted tomorrow.
Explanation:
"Who have been shortlisted" can be reduced to the past-participial clause "shortlisted" because applicants receive the action.
Incorrect! Try again.
53Choose the discourse marker that best completes the argument: "The sample was too small to support a universal claim. ___, the findings identify a pattern worth investigating in a larger study."
discourse markers
Hard
A.Similarly
B.Nevertheless
C.Consequently
D.For instance
Correct Answer: Nevertheless
Explanation:
"Nevertheless" signals concession: the second statement remains valid despite the limitation stated in the first.
Incorrect! Try again.
54Choose the option that correctly completes the sentence: " the revised protocol reduces processing time, it cannot be adopted it satisfies the regulator's safety requirements."
connectors
Hard
A.Although / unless
B.Despite / until
C.Whereas / even though the regulator formally confirms that
D.Because / provided that
Correct Answer: Although / unless
Explanation:
"Although" introduces a concession, and "unless" means "if it does not," correctly expressing the condition that blocks adoption.
Incorrect! Try again.
55Choose the best passive reporting transformation of: "Investigators believe that the documents were destroyed before the inspection."
passive construction and reporting
Hard
A.The documents are believed to destroy before the inspection.
B.The documents are believed to have been destroyed before the inspection.
C.The documents were believed to be destroying before the inspection.
D.It has believed that the documents had destroyed before the inspection.
Correct Answer: The documents are believed to have been destroyed before the inspection.
Explanation:
The perfect passive infinitive "to have been destroyed" shows that the destruction occurred before the present belief.
Incorrect! Try again.
56Choose the option that correctly describes an action expected to be in progress at a specified future time: "At 10 a.m. tomorrow, the negotiating teams ___ the final contractual clauses."
future forms
Hard
A.are about to have reviewed
B.will be reviewing
C.would have been reviewing
D.will have reviewed
Correct Answer: will be reviewing
Explanation:
The future continuous presents the review as an activity in progress at a particular future time.
Incorrect! Try again.
57Choose the linking expression that makes the relationship between the clauses both grammatical and logical: "The software is inexpensive to license; ___, its maintenance costs are exceptionally high."
linking words
Hard
A.in addition
B.by contrast
C.in other words, its low licensing fee necessarily causes substantially higher long-term maintenance expenditure
D.as a result
Correct Answer: by contrast
Explanation:
"By contrast" highlights the opposition between low licensing costs and high maintenance costs.
Incorrect! Try again.
58Choose the best completion: "I why the director is so cautious now, but I his objections were excessive when the proposal was first discussed."
simple and continuous tenses
Hard
A.understand / thought
B.have been understanding / think
C.am understanding / was thinking
D.understand / was thought
Correct Answer: understand / thought
Explanation:
"Understand" is normally stative and therefore takes the simple present here; "thought" reports a completed past opinion.
Incorrect! Try again.
59Choose the option that best completes the sentence: "The researchers the compound for six months before they finally a stable formulation."
perfect and non-perfect tenses
Hard
A.have tested / were developing
B.had been testing / developed
C.were tested / have developed
D.tested / had developed
Correct Answer: had been testing / developed
Explanation:
The past perfect continuous emphasizes the duration of an activity leading up to the later simple-past achievement.
Incorrect! Try again.
60Choose the sentence that correctly refers to an entire preceding clause rather than to a single noun.
relatives and participles
Hard
A.The company withdrew its appeal, whose unexpected timing and wider legal implications surprised all of its advisers.
B.The company withdrew its appeal which its legal advisers were surprised.
C.The company withdrew its appeal, which surprised its legal advisers.
D.The company withdrew its appeal, that surprised its legal advisers.
Correct Answer: The company withdrew its appeal, which surprised its legal advisers.
Explanation:
In a non-defining relative clause, "which" can refer to the entire preceding proposition: the company's withdrawal of its appeal.
Incorrect! Try again.
Did this save you a night before the exam?
LPU Notes is free, and it stays free. Ads cover part of the server bill.
The rest comes out of a student's own pocket: the domain, the storage,
and keeping the site up through the weeks everyone needs it at once.
The payment button didn't load. An ad blocker or a filtered network is the usual reason.
to try again.
Nothing here is ever locked, and nothing unlocks. Chip in only if it was worth it.
What it pays for →