1Which sentence is in the present continuous tense?
the tense system
Easy
A.She has read a novel.
B.She is reading a novel.
C.She read a novel.
D.She reads a novel.
Correct Answer: She is reading a novel.
Explanation:
The present continuous uses am/is/are + verb-ing for an action happening now.
Incorrect! Try again.
2Choose the correct verb form: "They ___ the project yesterday."
the tense system
Easy
A.have completed
B.completed
C.complete
D.are completing
Correct Answer: completed
Explanation:
The time expression yesterday requires the simple past form completed.
Incorrect! Try again.
3Choose the correct verb form: "While I ___ home, it started to rain."
narrative tenses
Easy
A.was walking
B.walked
C.walk
D.have walked
Correct Answer: was walking
Explanation:
The past continuous describes an action that was in progress when another past event occurred.
Incorrect! Try again.
4Choose the correct verb form: "The film had started before we ___ at the cinema."
narrative tenses
Easy
A.have arrived
B.are arriving
C.arrived
D.arrive
Correct Answer: arrived
Explanation:
The simple past arrived describes the later of the two completed past events.
Incorrect! Try again.
5What type of sentence is "Please close the window"?
types of sentences
Easy
A.Exclamatory
B.Interrogative
C.Declarative
D.Imperative
Correct Answer: Imperative
Explanation:
An imperative sentence gives a command, request, or instruction.
Incorrect! Try again.
6Which sentence is interrogative?
types of sentences
Easy
A.Does the meeting begin at noon?
B.Please attend the meeting at noon.
C.What an interesting meeting this is!
D.The meeting begins at noon.
Correct Answer: Does the meeting begin at noon?
Explanation:
An interrogative sentence asks a question and normally ends with a question mark.
Incorrect! Try again.
7Choose the correct expression: "There are ___ apples in the basket."
expressions of quantity
Easy
A.a few
B.little
C.a little
D.much
Correct Answer: a few
Explanation:
A few is used with plural countable nouns such as apples.
Incorrect! Try again.
8Choose the correct word: "How ___ water do you drink each day?"
expressions of quantity
Easy
A.many
B.several
C.much
D.few
Correct Answer: much
Explanation:
Much is used with an uncountable noun such as water.
Incorrect! Try again.
9Choose the correct modal: "You ___ wear a seat belt while driving."
modals and related verbs
Easy
A.might
B.would
C.must
D.could
Correct Answer: must
Explanation:
Must expresses a strong obligation or requirement.
Incorrect! Try again.
10Which modal verb expresses ability in the present?
modals and related verbs
Easy
A.can
B.might
C.must
D.should
Correct Answer: can
Explanation:
Can is commonly used to express present ability.
Incorrect! Try again.
11Choose the correct relative pronoun: "The woman ___ lives next door is a doctor."
relative clauses
Easy
A.who
B.when
C.where
D.which
Correct Answer: who
Explanation:
Who introduces a relative clause referring to a person.
Incorrect! Try again.
12Choose the correct relative word: "This is the café ___ we first met."
relative clauses
Easy
A.when
B.whose
C.who
D.where
Correct Answer: where
Explanation:
Where introduces a relative clause referring to a place.
Incorrect! Try again.
13Choose the correct word: "The lecture was very ___."
present and past participles
Easy
A.interests
B.interested
C.interesting
D.interest
Correct Answer: interesting
Explanation:
The present participle interesting describes something that causes interest.
Incorrect! Try again.
14Choose the correct word: "The students were ___ by the news."
present and past participles
Easy
A.surprised
B.surprises
C.surprising
D.surprise
Correct Answer: surprised
Explanation:
The past participle surprised describes how the students felt.
Incorrect! Try again.
15Choose the correct expression: "I ___ play football every weekend when I was younger."
uses of used to and be used to
Easy
A.am used to
B.used to
C.was using to
D.use to
Correct Answer: used to
Explanation:
Used to describes a past habit or state that is no longer true.
Incorrect! Try again.
16Choose the correct form: "She is used to ___ early for work."
uses of used to and be used to
Easy
A.wake
B.woke
C.wakes
D.waking
Correct Answer: waking
Explanation:
Be used to is followed by a noun or an -ing form and means being accustomed to something.
Incorrect! Try again.
17Choose the best form: "The roads are wet. It ___ last night."
modal verbs of probability in the past
Easy
A.can be raining
B.must have rained
C.must rain
D.should rain
Correct Answer: must have rained
Explanation:
Must have + past participle expresses a strong conclusion about a past event.
Incorrect! Try again.
18Choose the best form: "Perhaps Maya forgot the appointment. She ___ it in her calendar."
modal verbs of probability in the past
Easy
A.must not see
B.might not see
C.cannot be seeing
D.might not have seen
Correct Answer: might not have seen
Explanation:
Might not have + past participle expresses uncertainty about a past event.
Incorrect! Try again.
19Choose the correct form: "If it rains tomorrow, we ___ at home."
expressions with if
Easy
A.stay
B.will stay
C.stayed
D.would stay
Correct Answer: will stay
Explanation:
In the first conditional, the main clause uses will + base verb for a likely future result.
Incorrect! Try again.
20Choose the correct article: "She bought ___ umbrella because it was raining."
articles and determiners
Easy
A.no article
B.the
C.a
D.an
Correct Answer: an
Explanation:
An is used before a singular countable noun beginning with a vowel sound.
Incorrect! Try again.
21Choose the sentence that correctly describes an action that began in the past and is still continuing.
the tense system
Medium
A.Mira is studying French three years ago.
B.Mira has studied French for three years.
C.Mira has been studying French for three years.
D.Mira was studying French for three years.
Correct Answer: Mira has been studying French for three years.
Explanation:
The present perfect continuous describes an activity that began in the past and continues in the present.
Incorrect! Try again.
22By the time the committee meets next Friday, the researchers ___ the final report.
the tense system
Medium
A.have completed
B.will complete
C.will have completed
D.are completing
Correct Answer: will have completed
Explanation:
The future perfect is used for an action that will be finished before a specified future time.
Incorrect! Try again.
23When I reached the station, the train ___, so I had to wait for the next one.
narrative tenses
Medium
A.already left
B.was already leaving
C.has already left
D.had already left
Correct Answer: had already left
Explanation:
The train's departure happened before the past action of reaching the station, so the past perfect is required.
Incorrect! Try again.
24While the guests ___ in the garden, the lights suddenly went out.
narrative tenses
Medium
A.have chatted
B.would chat
C.were chatting
D.had chatted
Correct Answer: were chatting
Explanation:
The past continuous describes an ongoing background action interrupted by a shorter past action.
Incorrect! Try again.
25Which sentence is a compound sentence?
types of sentences
Medium
A.The road was flooded, so we stayed home.
B.We stayed home because the road was flooded.
C.Because the road was flooded, we stayed home.
D.Flooded by heavy rain, the road was closed.
Correct Answer: The road was flooded, so we stayed home.
Explanation:
A compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined here by the coordinating conjunction "so".
Incorrect! Try again.
26Identify the complex sentence.
types of sentences
Medium
A.Nadia opened the window, but the room stayed warm.
B.Nadia opened the window because the room was warm.
C.Nadia opened the window; the room soon became cooler.
D.Nadia opened the window and checked the street.
Correct Answer: Nadia opened the window because the room was warm.
Explanation:
A complex sentence has an independent clause and at least one dependent clause, introduced here by "because".
Incorrect! Try again.
27Only ___ information in the report was relevant to our investigation.
expressions of quantity
Medium
A.a few
B.a little
C.many
D.several
Correct Answer: a little
Explanation:
"Information" is uncountable, so "a little" is the appropriate quantity expression.
Incorrect! Try again.
28We invited twenty applicants, but ___ of them had the required experience.
expressions of quantity
Medium
A.a little
B.little
C.few
D.much
Correct Answer: few
Explanation:
"Applicants" is a countable plural noun, and "few" indicates that almost none had the required experience.
Incorrect! Try again.
29Employees ___ wear identification badges while they are inside the laboratory.
modals and related verbs
Medium
A.might
B.could
C.must
D.would
Correct Answer: must
Explanation:
"Must" expresses a strong rule or obligation imposed on employees.
Incorrect! Try again.
30The meeting was cancelled, so we ___ travel to the regional office after all.
modals and related verbs
Medium
A.should not
B.must not
C.could not
D.did not have to
Correct Answer: did not have to
Explanation:
"Did not have to" means that an action was unnecessary; it does not mean that the action was prohibited.
Incorrect! Try again.
31The consultant ___ advice helped us solve the problem will return tomorrow.
relative clauses
Medium
A.who
B.whose
C.which
D.whom
Correct Answer: whose
Explanation:
"Whose" is the possessive relative pronoun linking the consultant to the advice.
Incorrect! Try again.
32Choose the correctly punctuated sentence.
relative clauses
Medium
A.My laptop, which I bought last month, has stopped working.
B.My laptop, that I bought last month has stopped working.
C.My laptop which I bought last month has stopped working.
D.My laptop which, I bought last month, has stopped working.
Correct Answer: My laptop, which I bought last month, has stopped working.
Explanation:
The clause adds nonessential information about a specific laptop, so it uses "which" and is enclosed by commas.
Incorrect! Try again.
33The audience remained completely ___ by the speaker's account of the expedition.
present and past participles
Medium
A.fascinating
B.fascinated
C.fascinates
D.fascinate
Correct Answer: fascinated
Explanation:
The past participle "fascinated" describes how the audience felt; "fascinating" would describe the source of the feeling.
Incorrect! Try again.
34Choose the sentence in which the opening participle phrase logically modifies the subject.
present and past participles
Medium
A.Walking through the market, the rain began suddenly.
B.Walking through the market, Elena noticed the spices.
C.Walking through the market, the spices smelled wonderful.
D.Walking through the market, the stalls looked crowded.
Correct Answer: Walking through the market, Elena noticed the spices.
Explanation:
Elena is the person performing the action "walking," so the participle phrase correctly modifies the subject.
Incorrect! Try again.
35After working the night shift for six months, Carlos ___ sleeping during the day.
uses of used to and be used to
Medium
A.would use to
B.is used to
C.was use to
D.used to
Correct Answer: is used to
Explanation:
"Be used to" means "be accustomed to" and is followed by a noun or an -ing form.
Incorrect! Try again.
36Lena arrived two hours late. She ___ the earlier train, but we do not know for certain.
modal verbs of probability in the past
Medium
A.would have missed
B.may have missed
C.must miss
D.should miss
Correct Answer: may have missed
Explanation:
"May have missed" expresses uncertainty about a possible event in the past.
Incorrect! Try again.
37If the technicians ___ the warning earlier, they would have prevented the shutdown.
expressions with if
Medium
A.would notice
B.had noticed
C.noticed
D.have noticed
Correct Answer: had noticed
Explanation:
A third conditional uses the past perfect in the if clause to describe an unreal past condition.
Incorrect! Try again.
38You can borrow my camera ___ you return it before Friday.
expressions with if
Medium
A.even if
B.as if
C.if only
D.provided that
Correct Answer: provided that
Explanation:
"Provided that" introduces a necessary condition: the camera may be borrowed only if it is returned before Friday.
Incorrect! Try again.
39During our trip, we visited ___ university where my mother had studied engineering.
articles and determiners
Medium
A.a
B.no article
C.an
D.the
Correct Answer: the
Explanation:
"The" is used because the relative clause identifies the specific university being discussed.
Incorrect! Try again.
40There are two proposals, but ___ proposal fully addresses the budget issue.
articles and determiners
Medium
A.both
B.each
C.neither
D.either
Correct Answer: neither
Explanation:
"Neither" refers to not one and not the other of two items and correctly takes the singular noun "proposal".
Incorrect! Try again.
41By next September, Professor Malik __ at the university for exactly twenty-five years, although he will not retire until December.
the tense system
Hard
A.has been teaching
B.will have been teaching
C.would have taught
D.will be teaching
Correct Answer: will have been teaching
Explanation:
The future perfect continuous emphasizes the duration of an ongoing activity up to a specified future point.
Incorrect! Try again.
42Which sentence correctly presents a future event as viewed from a past reference point?
the tense system
Hard
A.She knew that the committee would announce its decision.
B.She knew that the committee announces its decision.
C.She knew that the committee has announced its decision.
D.She knew that the committee will announce its decision.
Correct Answer: She knew that the committee would announce its decision.
Explanation:
The future in the past is normally expressed with would when the reporting verb establishes a past viewpoint.
Incorrect! Try again.
43When the rescuers finally reached the cabin, the fire __, but smoke __ from the roof for several hours.
narrative tenses
Hard
A.had gone out; had been rising
B.went out; had risen
C.was going out; rose
D.has gone out; was rising
Correct Answer: had gone out; had been rising
Explanation:
The past perfect marks the completed earlier event, while the past perfect continuous emphasizes the preceding duration of the smoke.
Incorrect! Try again.
44Choose the sentence with the most appropriate narrative tense sequence.
narrative tenses
Hard
A.I had recognized the melody as soon as the pianist began playing.
B.I was recognizing the melody as soon as the pianist was beginning.
C.I recognized the melody as soon as the pianist began playing.
D.I recognized the melody as soon as the pianist had begun playing.
Correct Answer: I recognized the melody as soon as the pianist began playing.
Explanation:
Two closely connected completed events introduced by as soon as normally take the simple past when their order is already clear.
Incorrect! Try again.
45Classify the following sentence by clause structure: "Although the evidence was incomplete, the jury reached a verdict, and the judge dismissed the case."
types of sentences
Hard
A.Simple sentence
B.Compound-complex sentence
C.Complex sentence
D.Compound sentence
Correct Answer: Compound-complex sentence
Explanation:
It contains two independent clauses joined by and and one dependent clause introduced by although.
Incorrect! Try again.
46Only __ information in the reports was independently verified, and __ of the witnesses were willing to testify publicly.
expressions of quantity
Hard
A.little; a few
B.a few; little
C.a little; few
D.few; a little
Correct Answer: a little; few
Explanation:
Information is uncountable, so it takes a little; plural countable witnesses takes few, indicating an insufficient number.
Incorrect! Try again.
47Which sentence uses the quantity expression correctly?
expressions of quantity
Hard
A.A great number of equipment was replaced during the upgrade.
B.A large amount of applicants withdrew before the interview.
C.A substantial amount of evidence was excluded from the trial.
D.A considerable number of research has challenged the assumption.
Correct Answer: A substantial amount of evidence was excluded from the trial.
Explanation:
Amount of is used with uncountable nouns such as evidence; number of is used with plural countable nouns.
Incorrect! Try again.
48Employees __ disclose their passwords under any circumstances, but they __ change them immediately if a breach is suspected.
modals and related verbs
Hard
A.must not; need not
B.do not have to; must
C.need not; ought to
D.must not; must
Correct Answer: must not; must
Explanation:
Must not expresses prohibition, whereas must expresses a strong obligation.
Incorrect! Try again.
49Which sentence means that attending the briefing was unnecessary, but the person attended anyway?
modals and related verbs
Hard
A.She could not have attended the briefing.
B.She need not have attended the briefing.
C.She did not need to attend the briefing.
D.She must not have attended the briefing.
Correct Answer: She need not have attended the briefing.
Explanation:
Need not have describes a completed action that occurred even though it was unnecessary.
Incorrect! Try again.
50The laboratory, __ funding was unexpectedly withdrawn, had to suspend the project.
relative clauses
Hard
A.which
B.of which
C.whose
D.that
Correct Answer: whose
Explanation:
Whose is a possessive relative determiner and can refer to organizations as well as people.
Incorrect! Try again.
51Choose the sentence in which the relative clause is grammatically correct and appropriately punctuated.
relative clauses
Hard
A.The proposal, that several experts had criticized, was eventually revised.
B.The proposal several experts had criticized was eventually revised.
C.The proposal, several experts had criticized was eventually revised.
D.The proposal which several experts had criticized it was eventually revised.
Correct Answer: The proposal several experts had criticized was eventually revised.
Explanation:
In a defining relative clause, an object relative pronoun may be omitted: the proposal (that/which) several experts had criticized.
Incorrect! Try again.
52__ by the discrepancy in the accounts, the auditor requested documents __ the original transactions.
present and past participles
Hard
A.Troubled; detailing
B.Being troubled; detailed
C.Troubling; detailed
D.Having troubled; detailing
Correct Answer: Troubled; detailing
Explanation:
Troubled gives the auditor a passive meaning, while detailing actively describes what the documents contain.
Incorrect! Try again.
53Which sentence avoids a dangling participle?
present and past participles
Hard
A.Reviewing the data, several inconsistencies were identified.
B.Having reviewed the data, the analysts identified several inconsistencies.
C.Having reviewed the data, several inconsistencies became apparent.
D.Reviewed carefully, the analysts found several inconsistencies.
Correct Answer: Having reviewed the data, the analysts identified several inconsistencies.
Explanation:
The understood subject of having reviewed is correctly identified as the analysts, the subject of the main clause.
Incorrect! Try again.
54After several months on the night shift, Lena __ sleeping during the day, although she __ wake at every small noise.
uses of used to and be used to
Hard
A.is used to; used to
B.is used to; was used to
C.used to; would be used to
D.used to; is used to
Correct Answer: is used to; used to
Explanation:
Be used to means be accustomed to and takes a gerund; used to describes a repeated past habit or state.
Incorrect! Try again.
55The archive door was still locked, and only Mira knew the access code. She __ the documents without unlocking the door first.
modal verbs of probability in the past
Hard
A.should not remove
B.must not remove
C.cannot have removed
D.need not have removed
Correct Answer: cannot have removed
Explanation:
Cannot have + past participle expresses a strong conclusion that a past action was impossible.
Incorrect! Try again.
56The streets are wet, but the sky has been clear all night. The maintenance crew __ them earlier.
modal verbs of probability in the past
Hard
A.may have washed
B.must wash
C.should be washing
D.cannot have washed
Correct Answer: may have washed
Explanation:
May have washed expresses a plausible but uncertain explanation for the present evidence.
Incorrect! Try again.
57If the technicians __ the warning signs during last month's inspection, the system __ offline now.
expressions with if
Hard
A.had noticed; will not be
B.noticed; would not have been
C.had noticed; would not be
D.would notice; were not
Correct Answer: had noticed; would not be
Explanation:
This mixed conditional links an unreal past condition with its hypothetical present result.
Incorrect! Try again.
58Which sentence correctly uses inversion to replace an if-clause?
expressions with if
Hard
A.Were the evidence disclosed earlier, the verdict might have differed yesterday.
B.Should the evidence have disclosed, the verdict might have differed.
C.Would the evidence be disclosed, the verdict might have differed.
D.Had the evidence been disclosed, the verdict might have differed.
Correct Answer: Had the evidence been disclosed, the verdict might have differed.
Explanation:
Had + subject + past participle is the inverted form of a third conditional if-clause.
Incorrect! Try again.
59After graduating from __ university, Salma joined __ European research institute specializing in climate policy.
articles and determiners
Hard
A.the; an
B.a; an
C.zero article; a
D.zero article; an
Correct Answer: zero article; a
Explanation:
University takes no article in the institutional expression graduate from university; European begins with the consonant sound /j/, so it takes a.
Incorrect! Try again.
60Choose the sentence in which the determiners are used correctly.
articles and determiners
Hard
A.Neither explanation accounts for all the evidence.
B.Each explanations account for all the evidence.
C.Neither explanations account for all evidence.
D.Every of the explanations accounts for the evidence.
Correct Answer: Neither explanation accounts for all the evidence.
Explanation:
Neither functions as a singular determiner here, so it is followed by a singular noun and a singular verb.
Incorrect! Try again.
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