Unit 6: Intelligent Robotics and Applications - Practice Quiz

ECE244 — Elements Of Robotics 60 Questions
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1 What is the main purpose of machine vision in a robot?

Machine vision overview Easy
A. To control the robot's wheel speed
B. To increase the robot's battery size
C. To reduce the robot's operating temperature
D. To help the robot see and interpret objects

2 Which device is commonly used to capture images for a robot's vision system?

Machine vision overview Easy
A. Battery
B. Camera
C. Motor
D. Speaker

3 What does artificial intelligence help a robot do?

Artificial intelligence in robotics Easy
A. Remove all mechanical parts
B. Make decisions from data
C. Change its physical size
D. Produce fuel from air

4 Which task is an example of artificial intelligence in robotics?

Artificial intelligence in robotics Easy
A. Painting a fixed metal panel
B. Charging a battery manually
C. Recognizing a spoken command
D. Switching off a power socket

5 What is an autonomous robot?

Autonomous robots Easy
A. A robot that has no power source
B. A robot that works with limited human control
C. A robot that can only be moved by hand
D. A robot that performs only decorative tasks

6 Which ability is important for an autonomous robot?

Autonomous robots Easy
A. Having a silent motor
B. Using a fixed paint color
C. Using a glass body
D. Sensing its environment

7 What is robot communication?

Robot communication Easy
A. Exchange of information between robots or devices
B. Manual cleaning of robot parts
C. Mechanical shaping of robot arms
D. Replacement of all robot sensors

8 Which method can a robot use to communicate wirelessly?

Robot communication Easy
A. Metal gear
B. Wi-Fi
C. Rubber belt
D. Hydraulic oil

9 What does the Internet of Robotic Things connect?

Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) Easy
A. Only batteries with chargers
B. Only gears with machine frames
C. Only cameras with display screens
D. Robots with networks and smart devices

10 Which feature is associated with the Internet of Robotic Things?

Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) Easy
A. Remote monitoring
B. Paint-based navigation
C. Manual gear cutting
D. Fixed mechanical timing

11 What is a collaborative robot, or cobot, designed to do?

Collaborative robots (Cobots) Easy
A. Replace every computer network
B. Work safely near human workers
C. Function without any sensors
D. Operate only in deep water

12 Which feature is commonly found in a cobot?

Collaborative robots (Cobots) Easy
A. Steam propulsion
B. Paper-based control
C. Force sensing
D. Permanent locking

13 Why are emergency stop buttons used in robotic systems?

Safety in robotics Easy
A. To start a new software update
B. To improve the robot's color
C. To increase the robot's weight
D. To stop the robot quickly

14 Which device can help detect a person near a robot?

Safety in robotics Easy
A. Safety scanner
B. Power cable
C. Gearbox
D. Cooling fan

15 What does ethics in robotics mainly consider?

Ethics in robotics Easy
A. The shape of robot screws
B. The number of robot wheels
C. The color of robot wires
D. Responsible effects of robot use

16 Which issue is related to ethics in robotics?

Ethics in robotics Easy
A. Protection of personal data
B. Design of gear teeth
C. Choice of battery shape
D. Selection of motor grease

17 What is a common use of robots in industrial automation?

Industrial automation Easy
A. Measuring ocean tides
B. Growing forest trees
C. Assembling products
D. Writing novels by hand

18 Which robot is commonly used in medicine?

Medical, agricultural, logistics, and defense robotics Easy
A. Surgical robot
B. Patrol drone
C. Harvesting robot
D. Warehouse robot

19 Which task can an agricultural robot perform?

Medical, agricultural, logistics, and defense robotics Easy
A. Sorting parcels
B. Assisting surgery
C. Inspecting battle zones
D. Monitoring crops

20 Which is an emerging trend in robotics?

Emerging trends in robotics Easy
A. Exclusive use of manual controls
B. Replacement of software with gears
C. More intelligent autonomous systems
D. Removal of all robot sensors

21 A warehouse robot must identify packages of different sizes on a conveyor belt. Which machine vision approach is most appropriate for locating each package before grasping it?

Machine vision overview Medium
A. Audio recognition of package movement
B. Image classification of the entire conveyor
C. Object detection with position estimation
D. Temperature mapping of the conveyor

22 A robot frequently misidentifies dark objects when the factory lights are dim. Which improvement would most directly address this problem?

Machine vision overview Medium
A. Increase wheel motor torque
B. Replace vision processing with sound sensors
C. Improve lighting and image exposure
D. Reduce the robot's network bandwidth

23 A delivery robot learns to select routes by receiving rewards for shorter travel times and penalties for collisions. Which AI method is being used?

Artificial intelligence in robotics Medium
A. Supervised learning
B. Unsupervised clustering
C. Rule-based sorting
D. Reinforcement learning

24 A robot must recognize defective components using thousands of labeled images showing defective and acceptable parts. Which technique is most suitable?

Artificial intelligence in robotics Medium
A. Random motor calibration
B. Unsupervised exploration
C. Manual path teaching
D. Supervised machine learning

25 An autonomous cleaning robot detects a previously unknown obstacle in its planned path. What should it do first?

Autonomous robots Medium
A. Continue using the original path
B. Stop or slow down and replan
C. Disable all obstacle sensors
D. Increase speed to pass the obstacle

26 A mobile robot uses wheel encoders and a camera to estimate its position indoors. Why are these sensors commonly combined?

Autonomous robots Medium
A. To combine complementary location information
B. To make the battery charge faster
C. To eliminate the need for software
D. To increase the robot's payload capacity

27 Several robots in a factory need to exchange position updates with low delay. Which communication feature is most important for coordinated movement?

Robot communication Medium
A. High screen resolution
B. High latency and large delays
C. Large mechanical gripper size
D. Low latency and reliable delivery

28 A robot receives a command to move from an external controller, but the message may be intercepted. Which measure best protects the command?

Robot communication Medium
A. Lower the camera resolution
B. Encrypt and authenticate the message
C. Increase the robot's arm length
D. Remove status feedback

29 A fleet of robots sends sensor data to a central platform that predicts maintenance needs and assigns tasks. Which IoRT capability is illustrated?

Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) Medium
A. Connected sensing and cloud coordination
B. Local battery balancing only
C. Mechanical transmission control
D. Offline manual operation

30 An IoRT system must continue basic robot operation when its cloud connection is temporarily unavailable. Which design is most appropriate?

Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) Medium
A. Disable all safety monitoring offline
B. Store no data on the robot
C. Depend entirely on cloud commands
D. Use local control with optional cloud support

31 A cobot and a worker share an assembly station. Which feature is most important for reducing injury risk during unexpected contact?

Collaborative robots (Cobots) Medium
A. Force and speed monitoring
B. Higher unrestricted operating speed
C. Removal of proximity sensors
D. Heavier external coverings

32 A cobot is used to hold a part while a worker performs a finishing operation. Why is this application well suited to a cobot?

Collaborative robots (Cobots) Medium
A. It replaces every human decision
B. It operates only in isolated cages
C. It supports shared human-robot work
D. It requires no safety assessment

33 A robot arm can unexpectedly restart after a power interruption. Which safety control most directly prevents this hazard?

Safety in robotics Medium
A. Manual reset before motion resumes
B. Automatic restart without inspection
C. Higher maximum arm velocity
D. Continuous operation during maintenance

34 Before installing an industrial robot near workers, engineers identify crushing, collision, and electrical hazards and estimate their severity. What process are they performing?

Safety in robotics Medium
A. Visual classification
B. Payload optimization
C. Risk assessment
D. Route memorization

35 A hospital robot recommends patient priorities using historical treatment data that underrepresents certain groups. What ethical concern is most relevant?

Ethics in robotics Medium
A. Mechanical wear
B. Battery overcharging
C. Network compression
D. Algorithmic bias

36 A security robot records video in a public facility. Which practice best addresses privacy concerns?

Ethics in robotics Medium
A. Collect unlimited footage permanently
B. Define data use and restrict access
C. Disable notices to people nearby
D. Publish all recordings automatically

37 A manufacturing line produces many identical parts with consistent dimensions. Which robotic application is likely to provide the greatest benefit?

Industrial automation Medium
A. Randomized material placement
B. Automated repetitive assembly
C. Manual inspection without sensors
D. Unstructured artistic design

38 A farm robot uses cameras to distinguish weeds from crops and applies herbicide only to detected weeds. What is the main advantage of this approach?

Medical, agricultural, logistics, and defense robotics Medium
A. It increases uniform spraying everywhere
B. It reduces chemical use through targeted treatment
C. It removes the need for crop monitoring
D. It prevents all weather-related damage

39 A hospital robot transports medicines between a pharmacy and patient wards. Which capability is most important for dependable operation?

Medical, agricultural, logistics, and defense robotics Medium
A. Long-range weapon targeting
B. Accurate indoor navigation
C. Crop disease detection
D. High-speed drilling

40 A robot uses a digital simulation of a production line to test motion changes before applying them to the physical system. What emerging technology is being used?

Emerging trends in robotics Medium
A. Manual joystick control
B. Analog-only signaling
C. Fixed mechanical gearing
D. Digital twin technology

41 A calibrated stereo camera has focal length pixels, baseline m, and measured disparity pixels. If the disparity standard deviation is pixels, what is the first-order standard deviation of the estimated depth?

Machine vision overview Hard
A. m
B. m
C. m
D. m

42 During hand-eye calibration using , all robot motions consist of rotations about the same axis with translations parallel to that axis. Which change most directly removes the resulting calibration degeneracy?

Machine vision overview Hard
A. Average repeated measurements at every existing pose
B. Include rotations about multiple nonparallel motion axes
C. Increase image resolution without changing robot motion
D. Capture more poses while retaining the same motion axis

43 A warehouse robot operates under partial observability. A belief-space planner selects the action with the highest expected reward, but that action has a probability of collision. The specification requires collision probability below at every decision. Which formulation is most appropriate?

Artificial intelligence in robotics Hard
A. Use belief-space planning with an explicit chance constraint
B. Apply unconstrained reinforcement learning with longer episodes
C. Increase the collision penalty until average reward becomes positive
D. Plan over the most likely state instead of the complete belief

44 A perception ensemble reports low predicted sensor noise but strong disagreement among its member networks on images from a new factory. What is the most appropriate interpretation and response?

Artificial intelligence in robotics Hard
A. Localization uncertainty is low, so the robot should continue normally
B. Aleatoric uncertainty is high, so additional training data cannot help
C. Epistemic uncertainty is high, so the robot should invoke a safe fallback
D. Control uncertainty is absent, so ensemble disagreement can be ignored

45 An indoor robot using a purely reactive obstacle-avoidance controller repeatedly enters a U-shaped obstacle and oscillates near its closed end. Which architectural modification best addresses the underlying failure?

Autonomous robots Hard
A. Increase repulsive potential gains near every detected obstacle
B. Reduce sensor range so distant walls do not affect steering
C. Combine global path planning with local control and replanning
D. Increase maximum speed to cross the local minimum quickly

46 A robot publishes state samples at Hz. Samples older than ms are useless, but occasional packet loss is acceptable. Which DDS-style QoS configuration best favors fresh control data over delayed delivery?

Robot communication Hard
A. Reliable delivery, transient durability, and unbounded retransmission
B. Best-effort delivery, keep-all history, and persistent durability
C. Reliable delivery, keep-all history, and unlimited sample lifespan
D. Best-effort delivery, keep-last history, and a ms lifespan

47 For a swarm running average consensus over time-varying communication graphs , each instantaneous graph may be disconnected. Which condition can still permit convergence under suitable consensus weights?

Robot communication Hard
A. The union of graphs over each bounded interval is connected
B. Each instantaneous graph contains a directed Hamiltonian cycle
C. Packet delays are identical on every communication link
D. Every robot has the same number of neighbors at each instant

48 An attacker records a valid cloud-issued motion command and later replays it to an IoRT robot over an authenticated channel. Which control most directly prevents execution of the replayed command?

Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) Hard
A. Compress command packets before transmitting them to the robot
B. Encrypt telemetry using a periodically rotated symmetric session key
C. Hide the robot endpoint behind a network address translation gateway
D. Verify device-bound signatures and strictly monotonic command nonces

49 A power-and-force-limited cobot satisfies joint torque limits during contact, but it carries a sharp tool and manipulates a rigid workpiece. Why is torque limiting alone insufficient to establish collaborative safety?

Collaborative robots (Cobots) Hard
A. Tool geometry and workpiece hazards can create dangerous local pressure
B. Collaborative operation requires every actuator to be pneumatically driven
C. Joint torque sensors cannot be used while the robot is moving
D. Torque limits apply only when the robot is outside the shared workspace

50 A safety function uses two processors, but both share one power supply, one compiler toolchain, and one communication bus. Which modification most effectively addresses the dominant weakness?

Safety in robotics Hard
A. Run identical software twice on each existing processor core
B. Increase both processor clock rates and polling frequencies
C. Store additional diagnostic logs on the shared communication bus
D. Add separation, independent diagnostics, and diverse failure paths

51 A service robot has equal overall task accuracy in two hospitals, yet its false-negative rate is substantially higher for patients using mobility aids. What is the most ethically appropriate engineering response?

Ethics in robotics Hard
A. Optimize only average accuracy using a larger pooled validation set
B. Remove all patient-related variables without evaluating subgroup effects
C. Deploy unchanged because aggregate accuracy is equal across hospitals
D. Audit subgroup harms and redesign under explicit fairness constraints

52 A serial production line has station cycle times of , , and seconds. An -hour shift must produce conforming units, and line-level OEE is expected to remain . By at least how much must the bottleneck cycle time be reduced?

Industrial automation Hard
A. seconds
B. seconds
C. seconds
D. seconds

53 In robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery, let the remote-center-of-motion constraint be . For an arbitrary candidate joint velocity , which projection satisfies this constraint to first order, assuming an exact pseudoinverse?

Medical, agricultural, logistics, and defense robotics Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

54 A crop robot's RGB weed classifier fails under changing sunlight, shadows, and soil moisture. Which redesign most directly improves invariance while preserving plant-discrimination information?

Medical, agricultural, logistics, and defense robotics Hard
A. Increase RGB saturation and classify every pixel independently
B. Use calibrated multispectral reflectance with geometric registration
C. Disable exposure control and train only on midday field images
D. Replace optical sensing with wheel odometry and inertial sensing

55 Several warehouse robots use decentralized shortest-path planning. Four robots enter a narrow loop, each reserving the next segment occupied by another, creating a circular wait. Which approach most directly prevents this deadlock class?

Medical, agricultural, logistics, and defense robotics Hard
A. Use time-expanded reservations with cycle detection and resolution
B. Increase every robot's local obstacle inflation radius
C. Raise the priority of whichever robot has the lowest battery
D. Let all blocked robots repeatedly choose random velocities

56 A defense robot must continue limited operation during GPS denial and intermittent communication. Which design best balances mission resilience, safety, and meaningful human control?

Medical, agricultural, logistics, and defense robotics Hard
A. Disable local autonomy whenever a single communication packet is lost
B. Use bounded autonomy with local safety rules and preauthorized abort conditions
C. Continue every assigned mission until completion regardless of uncertainty
D. Accept unauthenticated mission updates whenever the operator link degrades

57 A high-speed drone replaces frame cameras with event cameras. Which limitation must the perception architecture explicitly handle despite the sensors' low latency and high dynamic range?

Emerging trends in robotics Hard
A. Event cameras require a mechanically scanned illumination beam
B. Every event provides a complete depth measurement for one pixel
C. Events encode absolute color but omit all timestamp information
D. Static or low-contrast regions may generate insufficient events

58 A protective system uses the separation model , where m/s, sensing and reaction time s, stopping time s, and intrusion allowance m. What minimum separation is required?

Safety in robotics Hard
A. m
B. m
C. m
D. m

59 A monocular SLAM system runs without wheel odometry, known-size landmarks, inertial scale information, or other metric references. Which state property should a consistent estimator preserve?

Autonomous robots Hard
A. Metric velocity becomes observable from image timestamps alone
B. Absolute scale becomes observable after any pure camera rotation
C. Global position becomes observable from loop closure alone
D. Global scale remains an unobservable gauge freedom

60 A digital twin accurately predicts a robot before deployment but gradually diverges after tool wear changes friction and backlash. Which strategy best maintains safe usefulness of the twin?

Emerging trends in robotics Hard
A. Freeze the original model so all predictions remain reproducible
B. Estimate parameters online and trigger fallback when residual uncertainty grows
C. Ignore residual errors while the commanded trajectory remains identical
D. Retrain solely on synthetic data generated by the unchanged twin