Unit 1: Introduction and Network Models - Practice Quiz

1 What is a computer network?

2 Which is a common benefit of computer networks?

3 Which type of network usually covers a small area such as an office or school building?

4 Which type of network can connect devices across countries or continents?

5 In a client-server network, what does a server commonly do?

6 Which device allows a computer to connect to a network?

7 In which topology are all devices connected to a central device?

8 Which topology uses a single shared backbone cable?

9 What does a hub do when it receives data on one port?

10 Which address does an Ethernet switch primarily use to forward frames?

11 Compared with a hub, how does a switch normally forward data?

12 What is the main purpose of a router?

13 Which address does a router primarily examine when forwarding an IP packet?

14 In peer-to-peer network architecture, how can devices commonly operate?

15 What is a network protocol?

16 Why are network functions divided into layers?

17 How many layers are in the OSI model?

18 Which is the lowest layer of the OSI model?

19 Which TCP/IP protocol provides reliable, connection-oriented data delivery?

20 Which protocol is commonly used to access web pages securely?

21 A company stores project files on a central server so that employees can access the latest versions from their workstations. Which primary benefit of computer networking does this scenario demonstrate?

22 A university connects networks in several buildings across a campus under one administration. Which type of network best describes this arrangement?

23 A logistics company connects offices located in different countries through leased communication links. Which network type is most appropriate?

24 In a small office, every computer can both request files from and provide files to other computers without using a dedicated server. Which hardware architecture is being used?

25 An organization needs centralized authentication, backup, and access control for 200 employee computers. Which architecture best supports these requirements?

26 A network administrator wants the failure of one workstation cable to affect only that workstation. Which physical topology best satisfies this requirement?

27 A network has five devices, and every device requires a dedicated point-to-point connection to every other device. How many links are required for a full mesh topology?

28 Computer A sends a frame to Computer B through an Ethernet hub. What does the hub do with the incoming signal?

29 A switch receives a unicast Ethernet frame whose destination MAC address is not present in its forwarding table. What will the switch normally do?

30 A switch receives a frame from a newly connected device. Which information does it use to learn where that device is located?

31 A host determines that a destination IP address is outside its local subnet. To which device should it send the packet next?

32 A router has matching routes 10.0.0.0/8, 10.20.0.0/16, and 10.20.30.0/24. Which route will it use for a packet addressed to 10.20.30.45?

33 A web browser requests a page from a continuously available web server. Which software architecture does this interaction represent?

34 In a peer-to-peer file-sharing application, one computer downloads part of a file while uploading another part to a different computer. What role is that computer performing?

35 Why is layering useful when a network application is moved from wired Ethernet to Wi-Fi?

36 During encapsulation, which sequence correctly shows data moving down a typical protocol stack?

37 A gateway converts text between two character encodings before delivering it to an application. Which OSI layer is primarily responsible for this function?

38 A diagnostic tool confirms that frames reach a host and IP routing works, but the destination TCP port is closed. At which OSI layer does the failure occur?

39 A real-time voice application prioritizes low delay and can tolerate occasional packet loss. Which transport protocol is generally more suitable?

40 Which mapping correctly relates TCP/IP layers to their main responsibilities?

41 A network application sends a 10 MB file across a path whose bottleneck capacity is 20 Mbps, propagation delay is 40 ms, and the receiver acknowledges every 64 KB. Ignoring processing and queuing delays, which change most directly improves the minimum possible completion time?

42 An organization connects branch offices through a provider-managed backbone, while each branch uses an internal Ethernet network. Which classification best describes the complete arrangement?

43 A host uses a network interface card that supports DMA and interrupt coalescing. Which result is most likely when receiving many small frames at high rate?

44 In a full-mesh topology with directly connected nodes, how many bidirectional physical links are required, and what is the main trade-off?

45 Two stations connected to a half-duplex Ethernet hub transmit at nearly the same time. Which behavior is expected?

46 A switch receives a frame whose destination MAC address is absent from its forwarding table. What is the correct behavior if the frame is not broadcast or multicast?

47 A Layer 2 switch receives a frame with a source MAC address already present in its table, but on a different ingress port. What does this most strongly indicate?

48 A router has routes for 10.0.0.0/8, 10.20.0.0/16, and 10.20.30.0/24. For a packet destined to 10.20.30.45, which route is selected?

49 A router connects two IP subnets and receives an Ethernet broadcast on one interface. Under normal routing behavior, what happens to that broadcast?

50 A network stack uses a socket API so the same application can communicate over different transport protocols. Which architectural property does this primarily demonstrate?

51 A protocol layer receives data from the layer above and adds a header before passing it downward. At the destination, the corresponding layer removes that header. What is this process called?

52 A reliable transport protocol operates over an unreliable network layer. Which responsibility must the transport protocol provide if applications require ordered, loss-free delivery?

53 A host receives two application streams through the same transport protocol and destination IP address. Which mechanism allows the transport layer to deliver each segment to the correct process?

54 A packet reaches the correct host, but the data is delivered to the wrong application process. Which OSI-layer boundary most directly represents the failed function?

55 A protocol performs data translation, character-set conversion, and encryption for an application. Which OSI layer is the best conceptual placement?

56 A communication failure occurs only after a long idle period because a logical dialog must be re-established before data can continue. Which OSI function is most relevant?

57 An IPv4 packet has a 1,500-byte total size and traverses a link with an MTU of 1,000 bytes. If fragmentation is allowed and the IPv4 header is 20 bytes, how many fragments are required?

58 A TCP sender has a congestion window of 12 MSS and receives three duplicate acknowledgments for the same sequence number. Assuming classic TCP Reno behavior and no retransmission timeout, what is the immediate congestion response?

59 A host receives an IPv4 packet whose destination address is local, but the packet's TTL is zero on arrival. What should the host do according to IPv4 processing rules?

60 A TCP connection experiences high throughput on a low-bandwidth, high-delay path but performs poorly when the receive window is small. Which relationship best explains the limitation?