Introduction to intelligent agents and agent architecture
Easy
A.A system that perceives and acts
B.A device that only stores data
C.A network that only transfers files
D.A program that only displays text
Correct Answer: A system that perceives and acts
Explanation:
An intelligent agent perceives its environment and takes actions within it.
Incorrect! Try again.
2What does an agent architecture provide?
Introduction to intelligent agents and agent architecture
Easy
A.The data collected by an agent
B.The rewards received by an agent
C.The goals assigned to an agent
D.The platform that runs an agent
Correct Answer: The platform that runs an agent
Explanation:
Agent architecture is the hardware or software platform on which the agent program operates.
Incorrect! Try again.
3What does the letter P represent in the PEAS framework?
PEAS Framework: Performance Measure, Environment, Actuators and Sensors
Easy
A.Planning
B.Processing method
C.Performance measure
D.Program
Correct Answer: Performance measure
Explanation:
The performance measure defines how the success of an agent is evaluated.
Incorrect! Try again.
4Which PEAS component allows an agent to collect information from its surroundings?
PEAS Framework: Performance Measure, Environment, Actuators and Sensors
Easy
A.Environment
B.Actuators
C.Sensors
D.Performance measure
Correct Answer: Sensors
Explanation:
Sensors collect percepts or information from the agent's environment.
Incorrect! Try again.
5In a robotic vacuum cleaner, which component is an actuator?
PEAS Framework: Performance Measure, Environment, Actuators and Sensors
Easy
A.A distance sensor
B.A dirt detector
C.A wheel motor
D.A room map
Correct Answer: A wheel motor
Explanation:
A wheel motor is an actuator because it enables the vacuum cleaner to move.
Incorrect! Try again.
6What does a rational agent generally try to do?
Rational agents and agent environments
Easy
A.Avoid receiving new percepts
B.Repeat its most recent action
C.Maximize its expected performance
D.Copy every human decision
Correct Answer: Maximize its expected performance
Explanation:
A rational agent selects actions expected to produce the best performance according to its available information.
Incorrect! Try again.
7Which environment is fully observable?
Rational agents and agent environments
Easy
A.All relevant information is available
B.Only previous actions are available
C.Some important information is hidden
D.No sensor information is available
Correct Answer: All relevant information is available
Explanation:
In a fully observable environment, the agent's sensors provide all relevant information about the current state.
Incorrect! Try again.
8Which type of environment can change while an agent is deciding what to do?
Rational agents and agent environments
Easy
A.Static environment
B.Deterministic environment
C.Discrete environment
D.Dynamic environment
Correct Answer: Dynamic environment
Explanation:
A dynamic environment may change while the agent is processing information or selecting an action.
Incorrect! Try again.
9How does a simple reflex agent usually select an action?
Simple reflex agents and model-based agents
Easy
A.By applying condition-action rules
B.By comparing long-term utilities
C.By negotiating with other agents
D.By learning from reward signals
Correct Answer: By applying condition-action rules
Explanation:
A simple reflex agent maps the current percept directly to an action using condition-action rules.
Incorrect! Try again.
10What does a model-based agent maintain?
Simple reflex agents and model-based agents
Easy
A.An internal state of the world
B.A list of human operators
C.A fixed set of reward values
D.An external database of goals
Correct Answer: An internal state of the world
Explanation:
A model-based agent maintains an internal state to represent aspects of the environment that may not be directly observable.
Incorrect! Try again.
11What guides the actions of a goal-based agent?
Goal-based agents
Easy
A.A desired outcome
B.A random signal
C.A hardware limit
D.A fixed sensor
Correct Answer: A desired outcome
Explanation:
A goal-based agent chooses actions that help it reach a specified desired state.
Incorrect! Try again.
12Which activity is commonly used by a goal-based agent to choose actions?
Goal-based agents
Easy
A.Signal amplification
B.File compression
C.Search and planning
D.Image formatting
Correct Answer: Search and planning
Explanation:
Goal-based agents often use search and planning to find actions that lead to their goals.
Incorrect! Try again.
13What does a utility function represent?
Utility-based agents and learning agents
Easy
A.The desirability of an outcome
B.The speed of an agent's processor
C.The size of an agent's memory
D.The number of available sensors
Correct Answer: The desirability of an outcome
Explanation:
A utility function assigns values that indicate how desirable different outcomes are.
Incorrect! Try again.
14What is the main feature of a learning agent?
Utility-based agents and learning agents
Easy
A.It avoids feedback from its environment
B.It always follows one fixed rule
C.It operates without any performance measure
D.It improves through experience
Correct Answer: It improves through experience
Explanation:
A learning agent uses experience and feedback to improve its behavior over time.
Incorrect! Try again.
15Which part of a learning agent evaluates how well the agent is performing?
Utility-based agents and learning agents
Easy
A.Problem generator
B.Critic
C.Performance element
D.Learning element
Correct Answer: Critic
Explanation:
The critic provides feedback by evaluating the agent's behavior against a performance standard.
Incorrect! Try again.
16What is an autonomous intelligent system?
Autonomous intelligent systems and multi-agent systems
Easy
A.A system acting with limited human control
B.A system used only for data storage
C.A system requiring constant human control
D.A system limited to manual calculations
Correct Answer: A system acting with limited human control
Explanation:
An autonomous system can perceive, decide, and act with little or no direct human intervention.
Incorrect! Try again.
17What is a multi-agent system?
Autonomous intelligent systems and multi-agent systems
Easy
A.A system containing one passive database
B.A system containing several input devices
C.A system containing several interacting agents
D.A system containing one fixed algorithm
Correct Answer: A system containing several interacting agents
Explanation:
A multi-agent system consists of multiple agents that interact within a shared environment.
Incorrect! Try again.
18Why do agents coordinate in a multi-agent system?
Cooperation and coordination
Easy
A.To increase sensor noise
B.To manage shared actions
C.To prevent every interaction
D.To remove all agent goals
Correct Answer: To manage shared actions
Explanation:
Coordination helps agents organize their actions, use shared resources, and avoid conflicts.
Incorrect! Try again.
19What is the main idea of human-AI collaboration?
Human-AI collaboration
Easy
A.AI operates without human communication
B.Humans avoid all AI-generated information
C.AI replaces every human responsibility
D.Humans and AI combine their strengths
Correct Answer: Humans and AI combine their strengths
Explanation:
Human-AI collaboration combines human judgment and expertise with AI's computational capabilities.
Incorrect! Try again.
20Which is a common application of an intelligent agent?
Applications of intelligent agents
Easy
A.A basic extension cable
B.A plain paper notebook
C.A virtual personal assistant
D.A manual door lock
Correct Answer: A virtual personal assistant
Explanation:
A virtual personal assistant acts as an intelligent agent by interpreting requests and performing useful actions.
Incorrect! Try again.
21A warehouse robot receives camera images, updates an internal map, selects a route, and sends commands to its wheels. Which component of the agent architecture is primarily responsible for selecting the route?
Introduction to intelligent agents and agent architecture
Medium
A.The decision-making program
B.The physical sensor platform
C.The wheel actuator assembly
D.The external warehouse environment
Correct Answer: The decision-making program
Explanation:
The decision-making program maps percepts and internal state to an action, such as selecting a route.
Incorrect! Try again.
22Two delivery robots use identical agent programs, but one has more accurate sensors and faster motors. Why may their behavior differ in the same environment?
Introduction to intelligent agents and agent architecture
Medium
A.Architecture affects the percepts received and actions executed
B.An agent's behavior depends only on its stored goals
C.The faster robot must be using a different performance measure
D.Identical programs always produce identical physical behavior
Correct Answer: Architecture affects the percepts received and actions executed
Explanation:
An agent consists of both its program and its physical architecture. Different sensors and actuators can change observed data and action outcomes.
Incorrect! Try again.
23For an autonomous taxi, which item belongs to the performance measure in a PEAS description?
PEAS Framework: Performance Measure, Environment, Actuators and Sensors
Medium
A.Steering and braking controls
B.Cameras and distance sensors
C.Passenger safety and travel time
D.Roads and nearby vehicles
Correct Answer: Passenger safety and travel time
Explanation:
A performance measure defines how success is evaluated. Safety and travel time are evaluation criteria rather than sensors, actuators, or environmental elements.
Incorrect! Try again.
24A crop-monitoring drone detects dry areas and releases water. Which pairing correctly identifies one sensor and one actuator?
PEAS Framework: Performance Measure, Environment, Actuators and Sensors
Medium
A.Spray valve; flight objective
B.Field boundary; moisture camera
C.Moisture camera; spray valve
D.Battery capacity; dry soil
Correct Answer: Moisture camera; spray valve
Explanation:
The moisture camera gathers information from the environment, while the spray valve acts on the environment.
Incorrect! Try again.
25A medical diagnosis agent recommends the treatment with the highest expected benefit based on incomplete test results. The patient later reacts badly. Does this outcome prove that the agent was irrational?
Rational agents and agent environments
Medium
A.Yes, because incomplete information should prevent any recommendation
B.No, because a rational agent follows every rule programmed by its designer regardless of the evidence available
C.No, if the recommendation maximized expected performance from available evidence
D.Yes, because rational agents must always achieve successful outcomes
Correct Answer: No, if the recommendation maximized expected performance from available evidence
Explanation:
Rationality concerns choosing the action expected to perform best given the available percepts and knowledge, not guaranteeing a successful outcome.
Incorrect! Try again.
26A chess-playing agent can observe the complete board, but it cannot predict the opponent's next move. How is the chess environment best classified?
Rational agents and agent environments
Medium
A.Partially observable and continuous
B.Fully observable and strategic
C.Partially observable and deterministic
D.Fully observable and static
Correct Answer: Fully observable and strategic
Explanation:
The complete board state is visible, making the environment fully observable. Outcomes also depend on another agent's choices, making it strategic.
Incorrect! Try again.
27A cleaning robot must choose actions while people continuously move chairs around it. Which property most directly makes planning difficult?
Rational agents and agent environments
Medium
A.The environment is discrete
B.The environment is dynamic
C.The performance measure is fixed
D.The agent is knowledge-based
Correct Answer: The environment is dynamic
Explanation:
In a dynamic environment, the world may change while the agent is deciding or acting, so plans can become outdated.
Incorrect! Try again.
28A vacuum agent cleans when its current square is dirty and otherwise moves right, without remembering previous locations. What limitation is most likely?
Simple reflex agents and model-based agents
Medium
A.It must calculate a utility for every action
B.It can update an internal map containing dirt status, obstacles, visit history, and predicted changes before selecting each movement
C.It may repeatedly visit already-clean locations
D.It cannot act in a fully observable environment
Correct Answer: It may repeatedly visit already-clean locations
Explanation:
A simple reflex agent uses only the current percept. Without memory, it cannot reliably distinguish previously visited locations.
Incorrect! Try again.
29A robot can see only the corridor directly ahead but remembers doors observed earlier. Which feature makes it a model-based agent?
Simple reflex agents and model-based agents
Medium
A.It applies a fixed rule to the current image
B.It maintains an internal state from percept history
C.It assigns numerical preferences to every corridor
D.It communicates every observation to a human operator
Correct Answer: It maintains an internal state from percept history
Explanation:
A model-based agent tracks aspects of the world that are not currently visible by updating an internal state from prior percepts.
Incorrect! Try again.
30A route-planning agent knows several roads that reach a destination. What distinguishes its behavior from that of a simple reflex agent?
Goal-based agents
Medium
A.It requires the road network to remain completely unchanged
B.It selects routes by storing every journey, traffic event, weather condition, and passenger preference in a complete historical database
C.It acts only when a matching condition-action rule exists
D.It evaluates future states against a desired destination
Correct Answer: It evaluates future states against a desired destination
Explanation:
A goal-based agent considers the consequences of possible actions and selects actions that lead toward a goal state.
Incorrect! Try again.
31A puzzle-solving agent has a goal test but no preference among solutions. It finds two valid solutions, one requiring 8 moves and another requiring 15 moves. What can be concluded?
Goal-based agents
Medium
A.Neither solution is valid without a learning component
B.It must select the 8-move solution
C.It must select the 15-move solution
D.Either solution can satisfy its goal
Correct Answer: Either solution can satisfy its goal
Explanation:
A goal test distinguishes goal states from non-goal states. Without costs or utility preferences, it does not necessarily favor the shorter solution.
Incorrect! Try again.
32A delivery agent compares a fast but risky route with a slower, safer route. Which capability specifically supports this trade-off?
Utility-based agents and learning agents
Medium
A.A sensor model that records road conditions, driver behavior, package weight, fuel usage, and historical traffic
B.A goal test that checks only whether delivery occurs
C.A condition-action rule for the current location
D.A utility function over possible outcomes
Correct Answer: A utility function over possible outcomes
Explanation:
A utility function represents degrees of preference, allowing the agent to compare outcomes involving competing factors such as speed and safety.
Incorrect! Try again.
33A recommendation agent initially makes poor suggestions but improves using user ratings. In a learning-agent architecture, which component uses the ratings to evaluate recent behavior?
Utility-based agents and learning agents
Medium
A.The critic
B.The actuator
C.The environment model
D.The performance element
Correct Answer: The critic
Explanation:
The critic compares the agent's behavior with the performance standard and provides feedback that supports learning.
Incorrect! Try again.
34A learning agent keeps recommending familiar products and receives little information about new products. Which component should encourage trying less-certain alternatives?
Utility-based agents and learning agents
Medium
A.The utility sensor
B.The environment actuator
C.The problem generator
D.The performance element
Correct Answer: The problem generator
Explanation:
The problem generator proposes exploratory actions that may produce useful new experiences, even when they are not currently judged best.
Incorrect! Try again.
35Several independent warehouse robots share narrow aisles and charging stations. Why is this a multi-agent system rather than a single autonomous system?
Autonomous intelligent systems and multi-agent systems
Medium
A.The warehouse contains multiple types of physical sensors
B.Every robot is controlled by exactly the same program
C.Each robot senses, decides, and interacts with other agents
D.A central computer stores complete maps, assigns all tasks, predicts every failure, and directly controls every motor in the warehouse
Correct Answer: Each robot senses, decides, and interacts with other agents
Explanation:
A multi-agent system contains multiple decision-making agents whose actions can affect one another and the shared environment.
Incorrect! Try again.
36An exploration rover operates for several hours without human commands and adjusts its path after detecting unstable ground. Which property most strongly demonstrates autonomy?
Autonomous intelligent systems and multi-agent systems
Medium
A.It follows a route uploaded before departure
B.It changes behavior using its own percepts
C.It uses wheels designed by human engineers
D.It sends status reports containing location, battery level, sensor readings, terrain images, and scheduled maintenance information
Correct Answer: It changes behavior using its own percepts
Explanation:
Autonomy is demonstrated when an agent uses its own observations and experience to determine behavior with limited direct intervention.
Incorrect! Try again.
37Three rescue drones need to search separate zones without duplicating effort. Which mechanism most directly improves coordination?
Cooperation and coordination
Medium
A.Giving every drone the same independent search rule
B.Increasing each drone's camera resolution
C.Assigning zones through a shared task-allocation protocol
D.Allowing each drone to search all zones and report a complete record of every location it independently inspected
Correct Answer: Assigning zones through a shared task-allocation protocol
Explanation:
Task allocation coordinates agents by dividing responsibilities, reducing duplicated work and improving coverage.
Incorrect! Try again.
38Two network agents repeatedly reserve the same communication channel, detect a conflict, and retry at the same time. Which change is most likely to resolve the repeated conflict?
Cooperation and coordination
Medium
A.Remove conflict detection
B.Increase both retry frequencies equally
C.Use randomized retry delays
D.Give both agents identical reservation priorities
Correct Answer: Use randomized retry delays
Explanation:
Randomized delays reduce the chance that both agents repeat the same action simultaneously, helping break the coordination deadlock.
Incorrect! Try again.
39An AI system flags suspicious medical scans and displays the image regions that influenced each flag, while a radiologist makes the final diagnosis. What is the main collaborative benefit?
Human-AI collaboration
Medium
A.The system no longer requires performance monitoring
B.The AI becomes correct whenever the radiologist agrees
C.The radiologist can assess and validate the AI's evidence
D.The radiologist can delegate every diagnosis, treatment decision, patient conversation, and legal responsibility to the AI
Correct Answer: The radiologist can assess and validate the AI's evidence
Explanation:
Showing relevant evidence supports informed human review, combining AI assistance with professional judgment and accountability.
Incorrect! Try again.
40A smart-grid agent predicts electricity demand and shifts flexible appliance usage to off-peak periods. Which outcome best indicates that it is acting effectively?
Applications of intelligent agents
Medium
A.Maximum appliance usage during the highest-price period
B.A complete historical record of prices, weather, appliance models, household schedules, and every previous control action
C.Lower peak demand while user constraints remain satisfied
D.Constant electricity use regardless of predicted demand
Correct Answer: Lower peak demand while user constraints remain satisfied
Explanation:
An effective smart-grid agent balances grid objectives with user requirements, reducing peak demand without violating operational constraints.
Incorrect! Try again.
41An agent receives percepts through sensors and selects actions through actuators. Which architectural property most directly distinguishes an intelligent agent from a fixed stimulus-response device?
Introduction to intelligent agents and agent architecture
Hard
A.It operates continuously without human intervention
B.It uses physical sensors to observe the environment
C.It executes actions through effectors or actuators
D.It maintains a policy that maps percept histories to actions
Correct Answer: It maintains a policy that maps percept histories to actions
Explanation:
A fixed device may also have sensors and actuators, but an intelligent agent selects actions using a policy that can depend on current and previous percepts, internal state, goals, or utility.
Incorrect! Try again.
42For an autonomous ambulance-dispatch agent, which PEAS specification best captures the performance measure?
PEAS Framework: Performance Measure, Environment, Actuators and Sensors
Hard
A.Use GPS, traffic cameras, and hospital-capacity databases
B.Minimize response time while preserving patient safety and resource balance
C.Control dispatch assignments, route recommendations, and priority alerts
D.Operate across roads, weather conditions, hospitals, and emergency calls
Correct Answer: Minimize response time while preserving patient safety and resource balance
Explanation:
The performance measure defines how success is evaluated. Sensors, actuators, and environmental conditions belong to the other PEAS components.
Incorrect! Try again.
43A warehouse robot is evaluated only by the number of packages delivered per hour. It begins taking routes that increase collision risk and damage fragile goods. What is the primary PEAS design failure?
PEAS Framework: Performance Measure, Environment, Actuators and Sensors
Hard
A.The actuators lack enough degrees of mechanical freedom
B.The sensors provide too many observations for the controller
C.The environment has insufficiently deterministic transition rules
D.The performance measure omits important safety and quality criteria
Correct Answer: The performance measure omits important safety and quality criteria
Explanation:
An agent optimizes the specified measure, including its unintended incentives. Safety, damage, and delivery quality must be represented in the performance measure.
Incorrect! Try again.
44An agent must choose between two actions. Action has a 0.7 probability of producing utility 10 and a 0.3 probability of producing utility 0. Action has a 0.4 probability of producing utility 18 and a 0.6 probability of producing utility 2. Which action is rational under expected-utility maximization?
Rational agents and agent environments
Hard
A.Action , because its expected utility is
B.Action , because its maximum possible utility is higher
C.Action , because its expected utility is
D.Action , because its best outcome is more reliable
Correct Answer: Action , because its expected utility is
Explanation:
The expected utilities are and . Rational choice depends on expected utility, not only reliability or maximum payoff.
Incorrect! Try again.
45A cleaning agent receives an incomplete percept: its current room appears clean, but adjacent rooms are unobserved and may contain dirt. Which characterization best describes its environment?
Rational agents and agent environments
Hard
A.Fully observable, because the current room state is directly measurable
B.Episodic, because each cleaning action can be evaluated independently
C.Deterministic, because cleaning has a predictable immediate effect
D.Partially observable, because the current percept omits relevant state information
Correct Answer: Partially observable, because the current percept omits relevant state information
Explanation:
The environment is partially observable when the agent cannot determine the complete relevant state from its current percept. Hidden dirt in adjacent rooms affects future decisions.
Incorrect! Try again.
46A robot vacuum follows the rule "if the current tile is clean, move forward." It repeatedly crosses a narrow clean corridor and misses a dirty branch. Which modification most directly addresses the failure?
Simple reflex agents and model-based agents
Hard
A.Store a compact internal state describing visited tiles and inferred dirt
B.Add more condition-action rules using only the current tile percept
C.Replace the performance measure with total movement distance
D.Increase actuator speed so the branch is reached more frequently
Correct Answer: Store a compact internal state describing visited tiles and inferred dirt
Explanation:
A model-based agent maintains an internal representation of aspects of the world that are not present in the current percept, enabling it to avoid repeated paths and reason about unseen locations.
Incorrect! Try again.
47A simple reflex agent is operating in an environment that is fully observable, deterministic, static, and finite. Under which condition can it still be inadequate compared with a model-based agent?
Simple reflex agents and model-based agents
Hard
A.When its sensors measure the complete current environment state
B.When the correct action depends on consequences beyond the current rule match
C.When the environment remains unchanged while the agent computes
D.When every action has a predictable and immediately visible result
Correct Answer: When the correct action depends on consequences beyond the current rule match
Explanation:
Full observability and determinism do not eliminate the need for state or planning. If an action must be selected based on future consequences, a purely current-percept rule may be insufficient.
Incorrect! Try again.
48A navigation agent has two routes to a destination. One route is shorter but passes through a road that may close before arrival; the other is longer but reliable. Why does a goal-based agent alone have difficulty selecting between them?
Goal-based agents
Hard
A.The longer route cannot be considered because goals permit only shortest paths
B.Goal-based agents cannot represent destination states in a search problem
C.Goal-based agents require a utility function before any route can be generated
D.Both routes satisfy the destination goal, so the goal does not rank their trade-offs
Correct Answer: Both routes satisfy the destination goal, so the goal does not rank their trade-offs
Explanation:
A goal specifies acceptable end states but does not necessarily distinguish among plans that achieve them. Reliability, travel time, and risk require a utility function or additional preferences.
Incorrect! Try again.
49A planning agent has a goal of reaching a clean-energy target. A proposed action reaches the target sooner but permanently disables a safety-monitoring subsystem. Which issue is most directly exposed by relying only on goal satisfaction?
Goal-based agents
Hard
A.The action is invalid because every goal-based agent must optimize distance
B.The safety subsystem belongs to the actuator model rather than the goal model
C.The goal representation ignores undesirable side effects of achieving the goal
D.The agent cannot use search because goals cannot be represented symbolically
Correct Answer: The goal representation ignores undesirable side effects of achieving the goal
Explanation:
Goal achievement alone may classify both outcomes as successful. Constraints, secondary objectives, or utilities are needed to distinguish safe achievement from harmful achievement.
Incorrect! Try again.
50A utility-based medical triage agent assigns utilities to outcomes using survival probability, treatment burden, and fairness constraints. A learning component updates these estimates from outcomes. What is the principal benefit of this combination?
Utility-based agents and learning agents
Hard
A.It can adapt outcome estimates while preserving explicit preference trade-offs
B.It removes the need to define a performance measure before deployment
C.It converts uncertain medical outcomes into deterministic state transitions
D.It guarantees that observed historical decisions are ethically optimal
Correct Answer: It can adapt outcome estimates while preserving explicit preference trade-offs
Explanation:
Utility modeling represents preferences and trade-offs, while learning can improve predictions from experience. Learning does not remove the need for objectives or guarantee ethical optimality.
Incorrect! Try again.
51A learning agent performs well during training but repeatedly fails after a sensor is recalibrated, even though the environment has not changed. Which subsystem should be examined first?
Utility-based agents and learning agents
Hard
A.The critic, because feedback cannot be used after sensor recalibration
B.The percept-processing component, because the learned mapping may no longer match inputs
C.The actuator controller, because all learning failures originate in execution
D.The problem generator, because exploration is unnecessary in a stable environment
Correct Answer: The percept-processing component, because the learned mapping may no longer match inputs
Explanation:
Sensor recalibration can create a distribution shift in percepts. A policy learned on the old representation may fail even when the external environment is unchanged.
Incorrect! Try again.
52An agent chooses actions using , but its learned probability model becomes overconfident after observing only a few examples. What is the most appropriate concern?
Utility-based agents and learning agents
Hard
A.The agent becomes irrational because expected utility cannot use conditional probabilities
B.Utility values become irrelevant whenever probabilities are learned
C.Overconfidence affects only the learning rate, never the selected action
D.Model uncertainty is understated, causing risky actions to appear preferable
Correct Answer: Model uncertainty is understated, causing risky actions to appear preferable
Explanation:
Expected utility depends directly on the probability estimates. Overconfident estimates can distort action rankings and lead the agent to select actions with poorly understood risks.
Incorrect! Try again.
53A fleet of delivery drones shares airspace and independently selects routes. Each drone has a local objective, limited communication, and no central controller. Which property most strongly makes this a multi-agent system rather than merely a distributed implementation?
Autonomous intelligent systems and multi-agent systems
Hard
A.The drones execute the same route-planning algorithm on different hardware
B.The drones are geographically separated and have independent power supplies
C.Other drones are decision-making entities whose actions alter the task environment
D.The drones use separate processors and communicate over a wireless network
Correct Answer: Other drones are decision-making entities whose actions alter the task environment
Explanation:
A multi-agent system contains multiple agents whose decisions affect one another or the shared environment. Distribution of hardware or software alone is not sufficient.
Incorrect! Try again.
54An autonomous underwater vehicle must operate for weeks with intermittent communication, uncertain localization, and changing currents. Which design choice best supports meaningful autonomy?
Autonomous intelligent systems and multi-agent systems
Hard
A.Use onboard state estimation, contingency policies, and local risk-aware planning
B.Require continuous remote commands and suspend decisions during communication gaps
C.Use a fixed route because changing conditions reduce the value of autonomy
D.Optimize only travel distance and treat localization errors as external failures
Correct Answer: Use onboard state estimation, contingency policies, and local risk-aware planning
Explanation:
Autonomy requires the system to perceive, estimate, decide, and recover locally when communication is delayed or unavailable and conditions are uncertain.
Incorrect! Try again.
55Two warehouse robots independently select the same narrow aisle because each optimizes its own travel time. Which coordination mechanism most directly prevents this conflict?
Cooperation and coordination
Hard
A.Give both robots identical route preferences to improve consistency
B.Remove aisle occupancy from the agents' local observations
C.Reserve aisle time slots through a shared protocol before entering
D.Increase each robot's speed so both can clear the aisle sooner
Correct Answer: Reserve aisle time slots through a shared protocol before entering
Explanation:
A reservation protocol coordinates access to a shared resource and prevents incompatible simultaneous commitments. Speed or reduced observation does not resolve the underlying conflict.
Incorrect! Try again.
56A team of search agents receives a shared reward for locating targets. Agents begin duplicating searches in the same region because individual contribution is not observable. Which intervention best addresses the coordination failure?
Cooperation and coordination
Hard
A.Use task allocation with shared coverage state and contribution-sensitive rewards
B.Allow each agent to keep its search history private to reduce interference
C.Restrict all agents to identical exploration policies for fairness
D.Increase the shared reward without changing observations or assignments
Correct Answer: Use task allocation with shared coverage state and contribution-sensitive rewards
Explanation:
Shared coverage information reduces redundant behavior, while contribution-sensitive incentives encourage agents to cover complementary regions.
Incorrect! Try again.
57An AI assistant recommends rejecting a loan application with high confidence, but a human reviewer sees evidence that the applicant's income data are outdated. Which collaboration design is most appropriate?
Human-AI collaboration
Hard
A.Accept the recommendation because confidence scores replace subjective review
B.Require the reviewer to override every recommendation involving incomplete data
C.Hide intermediate evidence to prevent reviewers from anchoring on model details
D.Allow the reviewer to inspect evidence, challenge the recommendation, and trigger reassessment
Correct Answer: Allow the reviewer to inspect evidence, challenge the recommendation, and trigger reassessment
Explanation:
Effective human-AI collaboration supports calibrated trust, evidence inspection, meaningful override, and feedback when relevant information is missing or stale.
Incorrect! Try again.
58A human supervisor monitors an AI-controlled manufacturing line. The AI requests approval for nearly every low-risk adjustment, causing alert fatigue and delayed responses to rare hazards. Which redesign is best justified?
Human-AI collaboration
Hard
A.Remove all alerts and allow the AI to handle hazards without human involvement
B.Present more detailed logs for every action so the supervisor can monitor continuously
C.Automate routine actions and escalate only uncertain or high-impact decisions
D.Require approval for every action but shorten the supervisor's response deadline
Correct Answer: Automate routine actions and escalate only uncertain or high-impact decisions
Explanation:
A suitable level of autonomy preserves human attention for consequential cases. Excessive escalation creates alert fatigue and reduces the effectiveness of human oversight.
Incorrect! Try again.
59An algorithmic trading agent achieves high returns in historical simulations but performs poorly after market conditions change. Which evaluation flaw is most likely responsible?
Applications of intelligent agents
Hard
A.The simulation included stochastic transitions instead of fully predictable prices
B.The agent was evaluated using returns, which cannot measure trading performance
C.The evaluation relied on a narrow historical distribution and lacked regime-shift testing
D.The agent used a utility function rather than a binary goal condition
Correct Answer: The evaluation relied on a narrow historical distribution and lacked regime-shift testing
Explanation:
Performance on historical data may reflect overfitting to one regime. Robust evaluation should include temporal holdouts, changing conditions, transaction costs, and stress scenarios.
Incorrect! Try again.
60A hospital bed-allocation agent improves average occupancy but increases waiting time for patients requiring isolation beds. Which change best reflects a careful application design?
Applications of intelligent agents
Hard
A.Add isolation availability and patient-risk constraints to the objective and validation tests
B.Remove patient categories so the policy treats all beds as interchangeable
C.Evaluate only the mean waiting time because subgroup effects are statistically noisy
D.Optimize occupancy more aggressively because average utilization is the primary measure
Correct Answer: Add isolation availability and patient-risk constraints to the objective and validation tests
Explanation:
Averages can conceal harmful subgroup effects. The agent's objectives and tests should represent clinical constraints, risk-sensitive outcomes, and resource requirements.
Incorrect! Try again.
Did this save you a night before the exam?
LPU Notes is free, and it stays free. Ads cover part of the server bill.
The rest comes out of a student's own pocket: the domain, the storage,
and keeping the site up through the weeks everyone needs it at once.
The payment button didn't load. An ad blocker or a filtered network is the usual reason.
to try again.
Nothing here is ever locked, and nothing unlocks. Chip in only if it was worth it.
What it pays for →