1Choose the correct reported speech for the sentence: "I study English every day," said Maria.
A.Maria said that she studies English every day.
B.Maria said that she studied English every day.
C.Maria said that she was studying English every day.
D.Maria said that she had studied English every day.
Correct Answer: Maria said that she studied English every day.
Explanation:When the reporting verb is in the past tense (said), the Present Simple tense in direct speech (study) usually changes to Past Simple (studied) in reported speech.
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2Which change occurs to the Present Continuous tense when converting direct speech to reported speech (assuming a past reporting verb)?
A.It changes to Present Perfect.
B.It changes to Past Simple.
C.It changes to Past Continuous.
D.It remains unchanged.
Correct Answer: It changes to Past Continuous.
Explanation:The standard backshift for Present Continuous (am/is/are + -ing) is to Past Continuous (was/were + -ing).
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3Convert into reported speech: "We are working on a new project," the manager said.
A.The manager said that they were working on a new project.
B.The manager said that we are working on a new project.
C.The manager said that they had worked on a new project.
D.The manager said that they work on a new project.
Correct Answer: The manager said that they were working on a new project.
Explanation:The pronoun 'We' changes to 'they', and the Present Continuous 'are working' changes to the Past Continuous 'were working'.
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4Select the correct reported version: "I have finished my homework," said the boy.
A.The boy said he has finished his homework.
B.The boy said he finished his homework.
C.The boy said he was finishing his homework.
D.The boy said he had finished his homework.
Correct Answer: The boy said he had finished his homework.
Explanation:Present Perfect (have finished) backshifts to Past Perfect (had finished).
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5How does the Past Simple tense change in reported speech?
A.It changes to Past Continuous.
B.It usually changes to Past Perfect.
C.It changes to Present Perfect.
D.It changes to Future Simple.
Correct Answer: It usually changes to Past Perfect.
Explanation:Past Simple actions occurred before the reporting time, so they often shift further back to Past Perfect to indicate the timeline clearly.
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6Convert: "I lost my keys yesterday," she said.
A.She said she lost her keys yesterday.
B.She said she had lost her keys the previous day.
C.She said she has lost her keys the day before.
D.She said she was losing her keys yesterday.
Correct Answer: She said she had lost her keys the previous day.
Explanation:Past Simple (lost) becomes Past Perfect (had lost). The time expression yesterday changes to the previous day or the day before.
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7What is the correct reported speech for: "I will call you later," he said.
A.He said he called me later.
B.He said he will call me later.
C.He said he would call me later.
D.He said he could call me later.
Correct Answer: He said he would call me later.
Explanation:The modal verb will changes to would in reported speech.
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8Convert: "I can swim very well," claimed the athlete.
A.The athlete claimed that he could swim very well.
B.The athlete claimed that he can swim very well.
C.The athlete claimed that he swam very well.
D.The athlete claimed that he had swum very well.
Correct Answer: The athlete claimed that he could swim very well.
Explanation:The modal can changes to could.
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9Choose the correct transformation: "You must wear a seatbelt," the officer told him.
A.The officer told him he must have worn a seatbelt.
B.The officer told him he has to wear a seatbelt.
C.The officer told him he had to wear a seatbelt.
D.The officer told him he would wear a seatbelt.
Correct Answer: The officer told him he had to wear a seatbelt.
Explanation:Must (obligation) typically changes to had to in reported speech.
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10Direct Speech: "The sun rises in the east," the teacher said.
Why might the tense remain unchanged in reported speech?
A.Because the teacher is still speaking.
B.Because it is a reported question.
C.Because it is a general truth or fact.
D.Because the reporting verb is in the future.
Correct Answer: Because it is a general truth or fact.
Explanation:If the statement is a general truth or a scientific fact that is still true at the time of reporting, we often do not change the tense.
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11In reported speech, how does the time expression "now" typically change?
A.at that moment / then
B.immediately
C.today
D.afterwards
Correct Answer: at that moment / then
Explanation:Direct speech using now refers to the specific moment of speaking, which becomes then or at that moment in reported speech.
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12Convert: "We represent the company here," said the spokesman.
A.The spokesman said they represented the company here.
B.The spokesman said they represent the company there.
C.The spokesman said they represented the company there.
D.The spokesman said we represented the company here.
Correct Answer: The spokesman said they represented the company there.
Explanation:Pronoun We -> they, Tense represent -> represented, Place here -> there.
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13What does "tomorrow" change to in reported speech?
A.the previous day
B.the next day / the following day
C.that day
D.today
Correct Answer: the next day / the following day
Explanation:Tomorrow refers to the day after the speech, which is reported as the next day or the following day.
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14Report the sentence: "I am meeting my brother tonight," she said.
A.She said she was meeting her brother that night.
B.She said she is meeting her brother tonight.
C.She said she met her brother last night.
D.She said she had met her brother that night.
Correct Answer: She said she was meeting her brother that night.
Explanation:Present Continuous (am meeting) -> Past Continuous (was meeting), and tonight -> that night.
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15Direct Speech: "I bought this book a week ago."
Reported Speech: He said he had bought book a week .
A.that / before
B.this / ago
C.that / previously
D.the / earlier
Correct Answer: that / before
Explanation:This changes to that, and ago changes to before.
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16Which of the following sentences correctly reports a Yes/No question?
A.He asked me did I like coffee.
B.He asked me if I liked coffee.
C.He asked me that I liked coffee.
D.He asked me do I like coffee.
Correct Answer: He asked me if I liked coffee.
Explanation:Reported Yes/No questions use if or whether and remove the auxiliary do/did. The word order becomes Subject + Verb.
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17Convert: "Are you happy?" he asked.
A.He asked if I am happy.
B.He asked was I happy.
C.He asked if I was happy.
D.He asked whether was I happy.
Correct Answer: He asked if I was happy.
Explanation:The structure is Reporting Verb + if/whether + Subject + Verb. The tense backshifts to past (was).
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18Convert: "Where do you live?" asked the stranger.
A.The stranger asked where did I live.
B.The stranger asked where do I live.
C.The stranger asked where I lived.
D.The stranger asked where lived I.
Correct Answer: The stranger asked where I lived.
Explanation:For Wh- questions, keep the question word (Where), remove the auxiliary (do), and use statement word order (Subject I + Verb lived).
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19Direct Speech: "What time does the train leave?"
Reported Speech: She asked what time _____.
A.does the train leave
B.did the train leave
C.the train left
D.the train leaves
Correct Answer: the train left
Explanation:Remove does. The subject (the train) comes before the verb (left), which is backshifted to the past tense.
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20Direct Speech: "Have you ever been to Paris?" she asked him.
A.She asked him if he had ever been to Paris.
B.She asked him if he has ever been to Paris.
C.She asked him had he ever been to Paris.
D.She asked him whether has he ever been to Paris.
Correct Answer: She asked him if he had ever been to Paris.
Explanation:Present Perfect (Have been) changes to Past Perfect (had been). If is used to introduce the reported Yes/No question.
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21What is the crucial rule regarding word order in reported questions?
A.Keep the question word order (Verb + Subject).
B.Change to statement word order (Subject + Verb).
C.Always add 'do' or 'did'.
D.Put the verb at the very end of the sentence.
Correct Answer: Change to statement word order (Subject + Verb).
Explanation:Reported questions are no longer questions grammatically; they become subordinate clauses, so they follow the Subject + Verb pattern.
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22Convert: "Why are you crying?" he asked her.
A.He asked her why was she crying.
B.He asked her why she was crying.
C.He asked her that why she is crying.
D.He asked her why is she crying.
Correct Answer: He asked her why she was crying.
Explanation:Retain Why, switch to Subject (she) + Verb (was crying).
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23Direct Speech: "Who did you see at the party?"
Reported Speech: He asked who _____ at the party.
A.did I see
B.I saw
C.I had seen
D.had I seen
Correct Answer: I had seen
Explanation:The Past Simple (did...see) in the direct question changes to Past Perfect (had seen) in reported speech.
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24When reporting a polite request like "Could you help me?", it is often reported as:
A.He asked if I could help him.
B.He said that I could help him.
C.He told me could I help him.
D.He suggested to help him.
Correct Answer: He asked if I could help him.
Explanation:While it serves as a request, grammatically it is a Yes/No question structure, often reported using asked if. Alternatively, it can be reported as a request: He asked me to help him.
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25Direct Speech: "Please sit down," the teacher said.
Reported Request:
A.The teacher said to sit down.
B.The teacher asked us to sit down.
C.The teacher said please sit down.
D.The teacher told to sit down.
Correct Answer: The teacher asked us to sit down.
Explanation:Requests are reported using ask + object + to-infinitive. 'Please' is omitted.
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26Direct Speech: "Don't open the window," he said.
Reported Command:
A.He said not to open the window.
B.He told me don't open the window.
C.He told me not to open the window.
D.He asked me to not open the window.
Correct Answer: He told me not to open the window.
Explanation:Negative commands/requests use the structure: Reporting Verb + Object + not to + Verb.
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27Which structure is used to report an order or command?
A.tell + that + clause
B.tell + object + to + infinitive
C.say + to + infinitive
D.ask + if + clause
Correct Answer: tell + object + to + infinitive
Explanation:Commands are reported using an object followed by an infinitive (e.g., He told him to leave).
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28Convert: "Be quiet!" the librarian said to the students.
A.The librarian said the students be quiet.
B.The librarian told the students to be quiet.
C.The librarian told that the students be quiet.
D.The librarian asked the students if they be quiet.
Correct Answer: The librarian told the students to be quiet.
Explanation:This is a command, reported using tell + object + to be.
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29Direct Speech: "Would you like a drink?" she asked.
This is an offer. How can it be reported?
A.She offered me a drink.
B.She asked if I would like a drink.
C.She asked me to have a drink.
D.Both A and B are correct.
Correct Answer: Both A and B are correct.
Explanation:It can be reported as a question (She asked if...) or summarized using the reporting verb offered.
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30Direct Speech: "I will carry that bag for you," said John.
Reported Offer:
A.John said he will carry the bag.
B.John offered to carry the bag for me.
C.John asked to carry the bag.
D.John commanded to carry the bag.
Correct Answer: John offered to carry the bag for me.
Explanation:When the speaker volunteers to do something, the verb offer + to-infinitive is the most appropriate reporting structure.
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31Direct Speech: "Shall we go to the cinema?" he said.
Reported Suggestion:
A.He asked if we shall go to the cinema.
B.He suggested going to the cinema.
C.He told to go to the cinema.
D.He ordered to go to the cinema.
Correct Answer: He suggested going to the cinema.
Explanation:Shall we... indicates a suggestion. The verb suggest is followed by a gerund (-ing form) or a that-clause.
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32Which sentence correctly reports: "Let's have a break," said the leader.
A.The leader said let's have a break.
B.The leader suggested that they should have a break.
C.The leader asked to have a break.
D.The leader told to have a break.
Correct Answer: The leader suggested that they should have a break.
Explanation:Let's indicates a suggestion. This can be reported as suggested that they (should)... or suggested having....
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33Direct Speech: "I won't do it!" he said.
This can be reported as:
A.He refused to do it.
B.He denied to do it.
C.He offered not to do it.
D.He agreed to do it.
Correct Answer: He refused to do it.
Explanation:A strong negative refusal (I won't) is best reported with the verb refuse + to-infinitive.
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34Direct Speech: "You should see a doctor," said my friend.
Reported Advice:
A.My friend said me to see a doctor.
B.My friend advised me to see a doctor.
C.My friend told me see a doctor.
D.My friend suggested me to see a doctor.
Correct Answer: My friend advised me to see a doctor.
Explanation:Should implies advice. The pattern is advise + object + to-infinitive.
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35Identify the error in this reported sentence: She asked me where was the station.
A.Use of 'asked'
B.Use of 'where'
C.Word order 'was the station'
D.None of the above
Correct Answer: Word order 'was the station'
Explanation:The word order is incorrect for reported speech. It should be statement order: where the station was.
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36If the reporting verb is in the Present Tense (e.g., says), what happens to the tense in the reported speech?
A.It moves back one tense.
B.It moves forward one tense.
C.It does not change.
D.It becomes Future Simple.
Correct Answer: It does not change.
Explanation:When the reporting verb is present (says, asks), the time perspective hasn't changed, so the tenses inside the reported clause remain the same.
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37Direct Speech: "I'll definitely be there," promised Tom.
A.Tom said he will be there.
B.Tom promised to be there.
C.Tom promised that he is there.
D.Tom told to be there.
Correct Answer: Tom promised to be there.
Explanation:The reporting verb promised can be followed directly by the to-infinitive.
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38Direct Speech: "I didn't break the vase," said the child.
A.The child refused breaking the vase.
B.The child denied breaking the vase.
C.The child admitted breaking the vase.
D.The child told not breaking the vase.
Correct Answer: The child denied breaking the vase.
Explanation:A statement saying one did not do something is a denial. Deny is followed by a gerund (-ing).
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39Direct Speech: "I am sorry I was late," he said.
A.He apologized for being late.
B.He said sorry to be late.
C.He apologized to be late.
D.He refused being late.
Correct Answer: He apologized for being late.
Explanation:The correct structure for apologize is apologize for + gerund.
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40Direct Speech: "Remember to lock the door," she said to him.
A.She remembered him to lock the door.
B.She reminded him to lock the door.
C.She told him remember to lock the door.
D.She said him to lock the door.
Correct Answer: She reminded him to lock the door.
Explanation:Remember to... is a reminder. The reporting verb remind + object + to-infinitive is used.
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41When converting "May I leave?" (asking for permission) to reported speech, which modal is typically used?
A.might
B.could
C.would
D.should
Correct Answer: could
Explanation:While may becomes might for possibility, when asking for permission, could is often used in reported speech (e.g., He asked if he could leave).
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42Direct Speech: "If I were you, I would stop smoking," he said.
A.He said if he was me he would stop smoking.
B.He advised me to stop smoking.
C.He ordered me to stop smoking.
D.He said to stop smoking.
Correct Answer: He advised me to stop smoking.
Explanation:The phrase If I were you introduces advice, so advised is the most accurate reporting verb.
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43Direct Speech: "Could you pass the salt?"
A.He asked me pass the salt.
B.He asked me to pass the salt.
C.He asked if I pass the salt.
D.He said to pass the salt.
Correct Answer: He asked me to pass the salt.
Explanation:This is a request, best reported with ask + object + to-infinitive.
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44Direct Speech: "Don't forget to buy milk," she said.
A.She said not to forget to buy milk.
B.She reminded me to buy milk.
C.Both A and B are acceptable.
D.She commanded to buy milk.
Correct Answer: Both A and B are acceptable.
Explanation:Using the negative imperative form (A) or the specific verb remind (B) are both grammatically correct ways to report this.
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45Direct Speech: "This is the best pizza I've ever had," he said.
A.He said that was the best pizza he had ever had.
B.He said this is the best pizza he has ever had.
C.He said that is the best pizza he had ever had.
D.He said that was the best pizza he has ever had.
Correct Answer: He said that was the best pizza he had ever had.
Explanation:This -> that, is -> was, have had (Present Perfect) -> had had (Past Perfect).
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46Convert: "Who is talking?" the teacher asked.
A.The teacher asked who is talking.
B.The teacher asked who was talking.
C.The teacher asked who talking was.
D.The teacher asked who had been talking.
Correct Answer: The teacher asked who was talking.
Explanation:Who acts as the subject here. Present Continuous is talking becomes Past Continuous was talking.
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47Direct Speech: "Stop making that noise!"
A.He asked to stop making that noise.
B.He told us to stop making that noise.
C.He said stop making that noise.
D.He suggested stopping that noise.
Correct Answer: He told us to stop making that noise.
Explanation:Imperatives are reported using tell/order + object + to-infinitive.
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48Direct Speech: "I might be late," he said.
A.He said he may be late.
B.He said he might be late.
C.He said he might have been late.
D.He said he was late.
Correct Answer: He said he might be late.
Explanation:The modal might usually does not change in reported speech.
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49Direct Speech: "You must have worked hard," she said. (Deduction about the past)
A.She said I had to work hard.
B.She said I must have worked hard.
C.She said I could work hard.
D.She said I would have worked hard.
Correct Answer: She said I must have worked hard.
Explanation:When must is used for logical deduction about the past (must have done), it typically remains unchanged in reported speech.
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50Which of the following reporting verbs is used with the pattern: Verb + that + subject + (should) verb?
A.Tell
B.Ask
C.Suggest
D.Offer
Correct Answer: Suggest
Explanation:Suggest is often used with a subjunctive clause (e.g., He suggested that she go) or should (e.g., He suggested that she should go).