1 $Which of the following is NOT one of the '4 P\'s' of the Software Project Management Spectrum?$

A.

People

B.

Product

C.

Process

D.

Performance

2 $What is the primary objective of Project Planning?$

A.

To write the code immediately

B.

To establish a reasonable scope, cost, and schedule estimates

C.

To fix bugs in the software

D.

To design the user interface

3 $In the context of WBS (Work Breakdown Structure), what does the decomposition process achieve?$

A.

It increases the complexity of the project

B.

It breaks down the project into manageable work packages

C.

It combines all tasks into a single activity

D.

It eliminates the need for scheduling

4 $Which estimation technique relies on the count of inputs, outputs, inquiries, files, and interfaces?$

A.

COCOMO

B.

Function Point Analysis

C.

Use Case Points

D.

Process Points

5 $In Function Point Analysis, what is the formula to calculate Function Points (FP)?$

A.

B.

C.

D.

6 $What does COCOMO stand for?$

A.

Cost Constructive Model

B.

Constructive Cost Model

C.

Common Cost Model

D.

Composition Cost Model

7 $In Basic COCOMO, which three modes of software development are defined?$

A.

Simple, Complex, Advanced

B.

Organic, Semi-detached, Embedded

C.

Linear, Spiral, Iterative

D.

Small, Medium, Large

8 $The basic COCOMO effort equation is given by . What does represent?$

A.

Efficiency in percent

B.

Effort in Person-Months

C.

Errors per KLOC

D.

Elapsed time in Months

9 $Which of the following projects would be classified as 'Embedded' in COCOMO?$

A.

A simple payroll system

B.

A transaction processing system

C.

Flight control software for an aircraft

D.

A small inventory management app

10 $What is the primary unit of measurement in the Use Case Points (UCP) estimation method?$

A.

Lines of Code

B.

Number of functions

C.

Actors and Use Cases

D.

Database tables

11 $In Use Case Points analysis, an actor that interacts with the system via a graphical user interface (GUI) is typically classified as:$

A.

Simple

B.

Average

C.

Complex

D.

Internal

12 $Which term in Project Management refers to the series of tasks that determines the minimum time required to complete a project?$

A.

Slack Time

B.

Critical Path

C.

Float Path

D.

WBS

13 $In PERT analysis, the weighted average time estimate () is calculated using optimistic (), most likely (), and pessimistic () times. What is the formula?$

A.

B.

C.

D.

14 $What is the main difference between CPM (Critical Path Method) and PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique)?$

A.

CPM is probabilistic; PERT is deterministic

B.

CPM is deterministic; PERT is probabilistic

C.

CPM uses 3 time estimates; PERT uses 1

D.

CPM is for research projects; PERT is for construction

15 $In a Gantt Chart, what does the horizontal axis represent?$

A.

Tasks

B.

Resources

C.

Time

D.

Cost

16 $What is 'Slack' or 'Float' in a project schedule?$

A.

The time a project is delayed

B.

The amount of time a task can be delayed without affecting the project completion date

C.

The time spent on breaks

D.

The extra cost incurred due to delay

17 $What is Software Configuration Management (SCM) primarily concerned with?$

A.

Managing the budget of the software

B.

Controlling and tracking changes to the software

C.

Designing the software architecture

D.

Testing the software performance

18 $What is a 'Baseline' in SCM?$

A.

The minimum code required to run the app

B.

A standard from which the budget is calculated

C.

A specification or product that has been formally reviewed and agreed upon

D.

The initial meeting of the project

19 $Which of the following is an SCM activity?$

A.

Version Control

B.

Change Control

C.

Configuration Auditing

D.

All of the above

20 $What is a Software Configuration Item (SCI)?$

A.

A bug found in the code

B.

A hardware component used for development

C.

A fundamental unit of information created during the software process (e.g., a document, a code file)

D.

The manager in charge of configuration

21 $What does CI stand for in the context of DevOps?$

A.

Continuous Integration

B.

Code Inspection

C.

Continuous Improvement

D.

Cost Integration

22 $What is the main purpose of Continuous Deployment (CD)?$

A.

To write code faster

B.

To automatically release every change that passes the test suite to production

C.

To prevent developers from merging code

D.

To perform manual testing only

23 $Which file format is used to define GitHub Actions workflows?$

A.

XML

B.

JSON

C.

YAML

D.

HTML

24 $Where must GitHub Actions workflow files be stored in a repository?$

A.

In the root directory

B.

In the .github/workflows directory

C.

In the src/actions directory

D.

In the build/config directory

25 $In GitHub Actions, what is a 'Runner'?$

A.

A script that tests the code

B.

A server that runs your workflows when they are triggered

C.

The developer who pushes the code

D.

A variable used in the YAML file

26 $Which keyword is used to define the events that trigger a GitHub Actions workflow?$

A.

trigger:

B.

when:

C.

start:

D.

on:

27 $In a GitHub Actions workflow, a 'Job' consists of a sequence of:$

A.

Repositories

B.

Steps

C.

Runners

D.

Branches

28 $What is the purpose of the uses keyword in a GitHub Action step?$

A.

To execute a shell command

B.

To reference and run a pre-defined action (e.g., actions/checkout@v2)

C.

To define a variable

D.

To specify the operating system

29 $Which SCM feature allows multiple developers to work on different features simultaneously without interfering with the main code?$

A.

Branching

B.

Auditing

C.

Baseline

D.

Locking

30 $Brooks' Law states that:$

A.

Adding manpower to a late software project makes it later

B.

Adding manpower to a late software project brings it back on schedule

C.

Software costs decrease over time

D.

Every software project takes twice as long as expected

31 $In Use Case Points, 'TCF' stands for:$

A.

Total Cost Factor

B.

Technical Complexity Factor

C.

Time Constraint Factor

D.

Testing Case Factor

32 $If a project requires high reliability, which COCOMO attribute is affected?$

A.

Schedule

B.

Product Attribute (RELY)

C.

Personnel Attribute

D.

Platform Attribute

33 $Which chart is best suited for visualizing the dependencies between tasks?$

A.

Gantt Chart

B.

Network Diagram (PERT/CPM)

C.

Pie Chart

D.

Histogram

34 $What is the standard deviation () for a task in PERT given and ?$

A.

B.

C.

D.

35 $The process of identifying and correcting defects before they are released to production is facilitated in DevOps by:$

A.

Automated Testing in CI pipeline

B.

Manual review only

C.

Writing less code

D.

Removing the QA team

36 $In GitHub Actions, how do you execute a shell command?$

A.

Using the uses keyword

B.

Using the run keyword

C.

Using the exec keyword

D.

Using the cmd keyword

37 $What is a 'Dummy Activity' in a network diagram?$

A.

An activity with zero duration used to show dependency

B.

An activity that was cancelled

C.

An activity with infinite duration

D.

An activity assigned to a junior developer

38 $Which of the following is a benefit of CI/CD?$

A.

Slower release cycles

B.

Increased manual intervention

C.

Faster time to market and reduced risk

D.

Higher isolation between Dev and Ops

39 $In SCM, 'Check-out' refers to:$

A.

Deleting a file from the repository

B.

Testing the software

C.

Copying a version of an artifact from the repository to a workspace

D.

Paying for the software license

40 $What is the function of the Change Control Board (CCB)?$

A.

To write the code for changes

B.

To approve, reject, or defer change requests

C.

To market the software

D.

To manage the server hardware

41 $In COCOMO II, which model is used during the early stages of the project when requirements are not fully defined?$

A.

Post-Architecture Model

B.

Early Design Model

C.

Application Composition Model

D.

Reuse Model

42 $Which metric tracks the difference between estimated and actual cost?$

A.

Cost Variance

B.

Schedule Variance

C.

Effort Variance

D.

Quality Variance

43 $In GitHub Actions, what is a 'Matrix Strategy'?$

A.

A way to visualize the workflow

B.

Running a job across multiple combinations of variables (e.g., OS, Node versions) simultaneously

C.

A security protocol

D.

A method to calculate costs

44 $When does a 'Merge Conflict' occur in SCM?$

A.

When two developers edit different files

B.

When two developers edit the same part of the same file and try to merge

C.

When a file is deleted

D.

When a backup is created

45 $The 'V' in the variable in Function Point Analysis stands for:$

A.

Value

B.

Variance

C.

Velocity

D.

Validation

46 $Which of the following is NOT a category of 'Risk' in software projects?$

A.

Project risks

B.

Technical risks

C.

Business risks

D.

Code indentation risks

47 $In the equation, what assumption is often invalid due to communication overhead?$

A.

Effort is constant

B.

People and time are interchangeable

C.

Duration is fixed

D.

People work 24 hours

48 $What are 'Secrets' in GitHub Actions?$

A.

Hidden code comments

B.

Encrypted environment variables used to store sensitive data like keys and tokens

C.

Private repositories

D.

Hidden wiki pages

49 $The critical path in a project network has:$

A.

Maximum slack

B.

Average slack

C.

Zero slack

D.

Negative slack

50 $In Basic COCOMO, the exponent is generally:$

A.

Less than 1

B.

Exactly 1

C.

Greater than 1

D.

Zero

Unit 5 - Practice Quiz