1 $Which of the following is not one of the '4 P's' of Software Project Management spectrum?$

A.

People

B.

Product

C.

Process

D.

Programming

2 $In the context of the Project Management Triangle, which three factors are mutually constrained?$

A.

Money, People, Time

B.

Scope, Cost, Time

C.

Quality, Risk, Resources

D.

Documentation, Coding, Testing

3 $What is the primary purpose of a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)?$

A.

To calculate the exact lines of code

B.

To decompose the project into manageable tasks in a hierarchical manner

C.

To assign git branches to developers

D.

To define the database schema

4 $In software cost estimation, what does LOC stand for?$

A.

Level of Complexity

B.

List of Components

C.

Lines of Code

D.

Limit of Cost

5 $Which estimation technique is based on the number of inputs, outputs, inquiries, files, and external interfaces?$

A.

Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO)

B.

Function Point Analysis (FPA)

C.

Use Case Points

D.

Process Breakdown

6 $In Function Point Analysis, the formula for calculating the Value Adjustment Factor (VAF) based on 14 General System Characteristics () is:$

A.

B.

C.

D.

7 $What is a major advantage of Function Points (FP) over Lines of Code (LOC) as a metric?$

A.

FP is language independent

B.

FP is easier to automate

C.

FP measures technical complexity better

D.

FP requires the code to be written first

8 $In the Basic COCOMO model, the relationship between Effort () and program size () is given by which type of equation?$

A.

B.

C.

D.

9 $Which COCOMO mode is appropriate for small, simple software projects with small teams and loose constraints?$

A.

Embedded

B.

Semi-detached

C.

Organic

D.

Dynamic

10 $What is the unit of measure for 'Effort' in the COCOMO model?$

A.

Dollars

B.

Person-Months (PM)

C.

Weeks

D.

Lines of Code

11 $In Use Case Points (UCP) estimation, UUCP stands for:$

A.

Universal Use Case Protocol

B.

Unadjusted Use Case Points

C.

User Utilized Code Parts

D.

Unified User Case Process

12 $When calculating Use Case Points, a 'Complex' actor (usually an external system with a standard API) is typically assigned a weight of:$

A.

1

B.

2

C.

3

D.

5

13 $Brooks' Law states that:$

A.

Software expands to fill the available memory

B.

Adding manpower to a late software project makes it later

C.

The first 90% of the code accounts for the first 90% of development time

D.

Every program attempts to expand until it can read mail

14 $Which scheduling technique represents the project schedule in a calendar view with bars representing task durations?$

A.

PERT Chart

B.

CPM Network

C.

Gantt Chart

D.

Flow Chart

15 $In the Critical Path Method (CPM), the Critical Path is defined as:$

A.

The path with the fewest activities

B.

The path with the highest cost

C.

The longest continuous path of activities through the network

D.

The path with the most slack time

16 $If an activity has an Early Start (ES) of day 5 and a Late Start (LS) of day 8, what is the Float (or Slack) of this activity?$

A.

3 days

B.

13 days

C.

-3 days

D.

0 days

17 $PERT differs from CPM primarily because:$

A.

PERT is deterministic while CPM is probabilistic

B.

PERT uses three time estimates (optimistic, pessimistic, most likely) while CPM uses one

C.

CPM is for R&D while PERT is for construction

D.

PERT does not allow dummy activities

18 $In PERT analysis, the expected time () for an activity is calculated using which formula?$

A.

B.

C.

D.

19 $The variance () of an activity in PERT is calculated as:$

A.

B.

C.

D.

20 $A Dummy Activity in a network diagram:$

A.

Has zero duration and consumes no resources

B.

Is used to fix bugs

C.

Represents the critical path

D.

Has the longest duration

21 $What does SCM stand for in software engineering?$

A.

Source Code Manufacturing

B.

Software Configuration Management

C.

System Control Mechanism

D.

Secure Code Monitoring

22 $In SCM, a Baseline is best described as:$

A.

The first line of code written

B.

A standard from which quality is measured

C.

A specification or product that has been formally reviewed and agreed upon

D.

The minimum hardware requirements

23 $Which SCM concept allows multiple developers to work on different features of the same codebase simultaneously without interfering with the main code?$

A.

Auditing

B.

Branching

C.

Compiling

D.

Profiling

24 $What is a SCI in the context of Configuration Management?$

A.

Software Control Interface

B.

Software Configuration Item

C.

Source Code Integration

D.

System Check Instruction

25 $The process of combining code changes from multiple contributors into a single software project usually automated by tools is called:$

A.

Continuous Integration (CI)

B.

Continuous Marketing

C.

Continuous Planning

D.

Continuous Monitoring

26 $Which of the following is a primary goal of DevOps ?$

A.

To separate developers and operations teams completely

B.

To slow down deployment to ensure safety

C.

To bridge the gap between development and operations for faster delivery

D.

To eliminate the need for software testing

27 $In GitHub Actions, what file format is used to define workflows?$

A.

XML

B.

JSON

C.

YAML

D.

HTML

28 $Where must GitHub Actions workflow files be stored in a repository?$

A.

Root directory

B.

.github/workflows directory

C.

src/actions directory

D.

config/ci directory

29 $In a GitHub Actions workflow, what does the keyword on specify?$

A.

The operating system to run on

B.

The events that trigger the workflow

C.

The duration of the workflow

D.

The output of the workflow

30 $Which component of a GitHub Action hierarchy contains a set of steps that execute on the same runner?$

A.

Workflow

B.

Job

C.

Repository

D.

Artifact

31 $What is the difference between Continuous Delivery (CD) and Continuous Deployment?$

A.

No difference

B.

Continuous Deployment requires manual approval to release to production; Continuous Delivery is automatic

C.

Continuous Delivery requires manual approval to release to production; Continuous Deployment is automatic

D.

Continuous Delivery is for testing; Continuous Deployment is for coding

32 $In the context of GitHub Actions, what is a Runner ?$

A.

The person writing the code

B.

A server that runs the workflow jobs

C.

A script that tests the code

D.

The manager overseeing the project

33 $Which syntax is used to access a secret variable named API_KEY in a GitHub Action YAML file?$

A.

$API_KEY

B.

{{ secrets.API_KEY }}

C.

${{ secrets.API_KEY }}

D.

%API_KEY%

34 $What is the purpose of the uses keyword in a GitHub Action step?$

A.

To define a variable

B.

To run a shell command

C.

To execute a pre-defined action (either local or from the Marketplace)

D.

To comment out code

35 $In Earned Value Analysis, if the Schedule Variance () is negative (), it implies:$

A.

The project is ahead of schedule

B.

The project is behind schedule

C.

The project is under budget

D.

The project is over budget

36 $The Cost Performance Index (CPI) is calculated as:$

A.

B.

C.

D.

37 $Which command is typically used in SCM to save changes to the local repository history?$

A.

git pull

B.

git commit

C.

git clone

D.

git init

38 $In Project Monitoring, 'Milestone Analysis' focuses on:$

A.

Daily coding activities

B.

Tracking the completion of major specific events or deliverables

C.

Counting lines of code per hour

D.

Monitoring server CPU usage

39 $Which of the following is a 'Direct Cost' in software project estimation?$

A.

Office Rent

B.

HR Department Salaries

C.

Salaries of developers working on the project

D.

Electricity bill for the building

40 $What is the risk exposure formula?$

A.

B.

C.

D.

41 $In COCOMO II, which 'Scale Factor' accounts for the team's experience with the development process?$

A.

Precedentedness

B.

Team Cohesion

C.

Process Maturity

D.

Resiliency

42 $Which of the following is NOT an element of Function Point 'Complexity Weights'?$

A.

Low

B.

Average

C.

High

D.

Impossible

43 $When using runs-on: ubuntu-latest in GitHub Actions, what is happening?$

A.

The workflow runs on the user's local Ubuntu machine

B.

The workflow runs on a GitHub-hosted virtual machine using the latest Ubuntu version

C.

The code is compiled into an Ubuntu ISO

D.

The workflow installs Ubuntu on the server

44 $In Activity-on-Node (AON) diagrams used in CPM:$

A.

Nodes represent activities, arrows represent dependencies

B.

Arrows represent activities, nodes represent events

C.

Nodes represent costs, arrows represent time

D.

Nodes represent developers

45 $If an estimation is based on comparing the proposed project to a similar past project, it is called:$

A.

Algorithmic Estimation

B.

Bottom-up Estimation

C.

Analogous Estimation

D.

Parametric Estimation

46 $What is the Technical Complexity Factor (TCF) in Use Case Points based on?$

A.

13 technical factors (T1-T13)

B.

5 environmental factors

C.

Code density

D.

Number of bugs

47 $Which term describes the 'feature creep' or uncontrolled expansion of project scope without adjustments to time, cost, and resources?$

A.

Gold Plating

B.

Scope Creep

C.

Refactoring

D.

Agile Development

48 $In GitHub Actions, an Artifact is:$

A.

A bug in the code

B.

A file or collection of files produced by a workflow run (e.g., binary, log)

C.

A deprecated function

D.

A type of security key

49 $Which equation represents the calculation of Total Float ?$

A.

or

B.

C.

D.

50 $Why is 'Staffing Leveling' (or Resource Leveling) used in project planning?$

A.

To fire underperforming staff

B.

To ensure resource demand does not exceed resource availability

C.

To ensure everyone gets paid the same

D.

To increase the critical path

Unit 5 - Practice Quiz