Unit 1: Organizational Behavior and Foundations of Individual Behavior - Practice Quiz

DEMGN581 60 Questions
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1 Organizational Behavior (OB) is primarily the study of what?

Organizational behavior: relationship between management and organization behavior Easy
A. Financial performance of firms
B. Manufacturing processes in factories
C. Legal structures of companies
D. Human behavior in organizational settings

2 OB studies behavior at which three levels of analysis?

Organizational behavior: relationship between management and organization behavior Easy
A. Individual, group, and organizational
B. Local, national, and global
C. Past, present, and future
D. Input, process, and output

3 Which of the following is one of the four basic management functions?

Organizational behavior: relationship between management and organization behavior Easy
A. Purchasing
B. Advertising
C. Auditing
D. Controlling

4 According to Mintzberg, which of the following is one of a manager's interpersonal roles?

Organizational behavior: relationship between management and organization behavior Easy
A. Monitor
B. Leader
C. Resource allocator
D. Spokesperson

5 Knowledge of OB mainly helps managers improve their skill in which area?

Organizational behavior: relationship between management and organization behavior Easy
A. Balancing accounts
B. Designing hardware
C. Managing people
D. Filing taxes

6 Which discipline contributes the most to the individual level of analysis in OB?

Model of OB and contributing disciplines to the OB field Easy
A. Political science
B. Economics
C. Psychology
D. Anthropology

7 Which discipline contributes concepts such as organizational culture and cross-cultural differences to OB?

Model of OB and contributing disciplines to the OB field Easy
A. Anthropology
B. Psychology
C. Accounting
D. Mathematics

8 Which discipline studies the behavior of people in groups and helps explain teamwork and power?

Model of OB and contributing disciplines to the OB field Easy
A. Geography
B. Sociology
C. Biology
D. Physics

9 In a basic OB model, dependent variables are those that are:

Model of OB and contributing disciplines to the OB field Easy
A. Always fixed and constant
B. Used only in accounting
C. Never affected by any factor
D. Explained or predicted by other factors

10 Which of the following is commonly treated as a dependent variable in OB models?

Model of OB and contributing disciplines to the OB field Easy
A. Job satisfaction
B. Personality type
C. Organization structure
D. Group size

11 Values are best defined as:

Foundations of individual behavior: values, attitude and job satisfaction Easy
A. Basic convictions about what is right or desirable
B. Physical abilities of a person
C. Temporary moods that change daily
D. Financial assets owned by a person

12 An attitude is best described as a(n):

Foundations of individual behavior: values, attitude and job satisfaction Easy
A. Evaluative statement about objects, people, or events
B. Legal contract with the employer
C. Measure of intelligence
D. Inborn physical trait

13 Which of the following is one of the three components of an attitude?

Foundations of individual behavior: values, attitude and job satisfaction Easy
A. Financial component
B. Cognitive component
C. Genetic component
D. Seasonal component

14 The affective component of an attitude refers to a person's:

Foundations of individual behavior: values, attitude and job satisfaction Easy
A. Physical strength
B. Beliefs and opinions
C. Intended actions
D. Feelings or emotions

15 Job satisfaction is best defined as a person's:

Foundations of individual behavior: values, attitude and job satisfaction Easy
A. Level of education completed
B. Number of years employed
C. Total annual salary
D. General attitude toward their job

16 The term used to describe an incompatibility between two or more attitudes, or between attitudes and behavior, is:

Foundations of individual behavior: values, attitude and job satisfaction Easy
A. Cognitive dissonance
B. Job enrichment
C. Halo effect
D. Selective perception

17 Learning is best defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from:

Theories of learning and behavior modification Easy
A. Ageing alone
B. Experience
C. Random chance
D. Genetic makeup

18 The classical conditioning theory of learning is associated with which researcher?

Theories of learning and behavior modification Easy
A. Ivan Pavlov
B. Abraham Maslow
C. Henri Fayol
D. Elton Mayo

19 In operant conditioning, behavior is influenced mainly by its:

Theories of learning and behavior modification Easy
A. Timing of birth
B. Consequences
C. Location
D. Colors

20 Which reinforcement strategy increases the likelihood of a desired behavior by providing a pleasant reward?

Theories of learning and behavior modification Easy
A. Extinction
B. Negative modeling
C. Punishment
D. Positive reinforcement

21 A newly promoted manager notices that understanding why employees behave in certain ways helps her predict and influence their performance. Which statement best captures the relationship between management and organizational behavior (OB)?

Organizational behavior: relationship between management and organization behavior Medium
A. OB replaces the need for managerial authority and formal control systems
B. OB is concerned solely with the technical design of jobs and ignores people
C. OB provides managers with a systematic knowledge base to understand, predict, and influence human behavior at work
D. Management is a sub-field of OB that deals only with production efficiency

22 A manager relies on 'gut feeling' rather than research evidence to make people-related decisions. Which principle of OB is he neglecting?

Organizational behavior: relationship between management and organization behavior Medium
A. Span of control
B. Unity of command
C. Delegation of authority
D. Systematic study based on scientific evidence

23 Which of the following is considered a dependent variable most commonly studied and improved through OB in a management context?

Organizational behavior: relationship between management and organization behavior Medium
A. Organizational structure
B. Job performance and productivity
C. National economic policy
D. Market share of competitors

24 A company treats employees purely as economic beings, offering money as the sole motivator and expecting obedience. Which model of OB is this organization following?

Model of OB and contributing disciplines to the OB field Medium
A. Autocratic model
B. System model
C. Supportive model
D. Collegial model

25 In which OB model do managers focus on partnership and teamwork, employees develop responsible behavior and self-discipline, and the managerial orientation is toward teamwork?

Model of OB and contributing disciplines to the OB field Medium
A. Autocratic model
B. Custodial model
C. Collegial model
D. Supportive model

26 The custodial model of OB primarily depends on which organizational resource to create employee security and dependence on the organization?

Model of OB and contributing disciplines to the OB field Medium
A. Power and authority
B. Trust and self-motivation
C. Economic resources and benefits
D. Leadership and support

27 A researcher studies how group dynamics, communication, and power operate between different work teams in an organization. Which contributing discipline of OB is most relevant?

Model of OB and contributing disciplines to the OB field Medium
A. Political science
B. Psychology
C. Sociology
D. Anthropology

28 Concepts such as perception, learning, motivation, and personality at the individual level are contributed to OB mainly by which discipline?

Model of OB and contributing disciplines to the OB field Medium
A. Economics
B. Anthropology
C. Sociology
D. Psychology

29 The study of comparative organizational culture and how values differ across societies is a contribution to OB from:

Model of OB and contributing disciplines to the OB field Medium
A. Social psychology
B. Psychology
C. Political science
D. Anthropology

30 An employee believes 'honesty is always the right way to behave, regardless of the situation.' In terms of Rokeach's classification, this belief is an example of a:

Foundations of individual behavior: values, attitude and job satisfaction Medium
A. Instrumental value
B. Job attitude
C. Terminal value
D. Perceptual bias

31 A worker says, 'I feel my job is meaningful, I think my skills are used well, and I intend to stay here.' These three elements correspond to which components of an attitude, respectively?

Foundations of individual behavior: values, attitude and job satisfaction Medium
A. Affective, behavioral, and cognitive
B. Cognitive, affective, and behavioral
C. Behavioral, cognitive, and affective
D. Affective, cognitive, and behavioral

32 An employee's attitudes and behaviors are inconsistent—he criticizes overtime but works late daily. According to Festinger, he will most likely experience and try to reduce:

Foundations of individual behavior: values, attitude and job satisfaction Medium
A. Social loafing
B. Halo effect
C. Cognitive dissonance
D. Selective perception

33 According to the EVLN model, an employee who actively and constructively suggests improvements to fix a dissatisfying work situation is exhibiting which response?

Foundations of individual behavior: values, attitude and job satisfaction Medium
A. Exit
B. Neglect
C. Voice
D. Loyalty

34 Research on the satisfaction–productivity relationship suggests that the link between job satisfaction and job performance is best described as:

Foundations of individual behavior: values, attitude and job satisfaction Medium
A. Completely absent and statistically zero
B. Perfectly one-to-one and always causal
C. Moderately positive, with performance also influencing satisfaction
D. Strongly negative in all situations

35 The job attitude that reflects an emotional attachment to, identification with, and involvement in the organization is called:

Foundations of individual behavior: values, attitude and job satisfaction Medium
A. Continuance commitment
B. Job involvement
C. Affective organizational commitment
D. Psychological empowerment

36 A manager praises an employee immediately after she submits a report early, hoping she will repeat this behavior. In operant conditioning terms, the praise acts as:

Theories of learning and behavior modification Medium
A. Extinction
B. Negative reinforcement
C. Positive reinforcement
D. Punishment

37 In Pavlov's classical conditioning, a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without prior learning is termed the:

Theories of learning and behavior modification Medium
A. Conditioned response
B. Neutral stimulus
C. Unconditioned stimulus
D. Conditioned stimulus

38 A supervisor stops nagging an employee once the employee starts arriving on time. Removing the nagging to increase punctuality is an example of:

Theories of learning and behavior modification Medium
A. Positive reinforcement
B. Shaping
C. Negative reinforcement
D. Punishment

39 A trainee learns to operate machinery correctly simply by watching an experienced coworker and imitating the steps. This best illustrates:

Theories of learning and behavior modification Medium
A. Social (observational) learning theory
B. Extinction
C. Cognitive dissonance
D. Classical conditioning

40 Reinforcing successive approximations that move an employee closer to a desired complex behavior is a behavior-modification technique known as:

Theories of learning and behavior modification Medium
A. Shaping
B. Modeling
C. Extinction
D. Punishment

41 A newly promoted manager argues that OB is simply "common sense" and dismisses formal study. Which line of reasoning most rigorously refutes this claim?

Organizational behavior: relationship between management and organization behavior Hard
A. Common sense is reliable but too slow to apply in fast-moving organizations
B. Managers who rely on common sense always outperform those using OB principles
C. Common sense predictions about behavior are often inconsistent and contradictory, so systematic study replaces intuition with evidence-based generalizations
D. OB is a hard science identical to physics, so intuition has no role at all

42 According to Mintzberg's managerial roles and their link to OB, a manager who resolves conflict between two feuding departments is primarily exercising which role, and which OB domain is most relevant?

Organizational behavior: relationship between management and organization behavior Hard
A. Figurehead (interpersonal role), drawing on organizational culture
B. Disturbance handler (decisional role), drawing on group and conflict dynamics
C. Resource allocator (decisional role), drawing on motivation theory
D. Monitor (informational role), drawing on perception theory

43 Katz identified three essential managerial skills. As a manager rises from first-line to top management, which shift in relative skill importance is best supported?

Organizational behavior: relationship between management and organization behavior Hard
A. Conceptual skills decline while technical skills rise; human skills disappear
B. Technical skills decline in relative importance while conceptual skills rise; human skills stay important throughout
C. Human skills decline sharply while technical skills dominate at every level
D. All three skills become equally unimportant at the top level

44 A researcher studies how organizational reward structures shape the distribution of status and power among cultural subgroups within a multinational firm. Which pair of contributing disciplines is MOST directly at work?

Model of OB and contributing disciplines to the OB field Hard
A. Political science and economics
B. Social psychology and biology
C. Sociology and anthropology
D. Psychology and physiology

45 In the three-level OB model (individual, group, organizational system), which classification error is a student MOST likely to make?

Model of OB and contributing disciplines to the OB field Hard
A. Treating "perception" as a system-level output
B. Treating "communication" as purely individual when it operates at group and system levels too
C. Treating "personality" as a group-level variable rather than individual
D. Treating "organizational culture" as an individual-level input

46 Social psychology is distinguished from general psychology within OB primarily because it:

Model of OB and contributing disciplines to the OB field Hard
A. Examines the biological and physiological basis of individual behavior
B. Blends psychology and sociology to study how people influence one another, e.g., attitude change and group decision making
C. Focuses exclusively on entire societies and formal institutions
D. Studies only individual mental processes in isolation from social context

47 Which contribution is correctly matched to its discipline?

Model of OB and contributing disciplines to the OB field Hard
A. Conflict and intergroup behavior to psychology; personality to sociology
B. Decision making and power to economics; job satisfaction to sociology
C. Learning and motivation to psychology; comparative values across nations to anthropology
D. Organizational culture to psychology; perception to anthropology

48 Using Rokeach's framework, an employee who deeply prizes "a sense of accomplishment" but repeatedly cuts corners on quality reveals a tension between:

Foundations of individual behavior: values, attitude and job satisfaction Hard
A. Cognitive dissonance with no value component
B. A terminal value and inconsistent instrumental values
C. An attitude and an unrelated behavior
D. Two competing terminal values only

49 Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory predicts that a worker forced to praise a policy she privately opposes will feel LEAST pressure to change her attitude when:

Foundations of individual behavior: values, attitude and job satisfaction Hard
A. She perceives the behavior as freely chosen
B. She believes she cannot control or undo the behavior
C. She was paid a large, clearly sufficient external reward for complying
D. The dissonant elements are highly important to her

50 The three components of an attitude are cognition, affect, and behavior. Which statement best captures modern OB findings on their relationship?

Foundations of individual behavior: values, attitude and job satisfaction Hard
A. General attitudes always predict specific behaviors with high accuracy
B. Cognition and affect are identical, so the model reduces to two components
C. Attitudes predict behavior better when specific attitudes are matched to specific behaviors and moderators like social pressure are weak
D. The affective component is irrelevant to workplace attitudes

51 The EVLN framework describes responses to dissatisfaction along active-passive and constructive-destructive dimensions. Which response is BOTH active AND destructive?

Foundations of individual behavior: values, attitude and job satisfaction Hard
A. Loyalty
B. Voice
C. Exit
D. Neglect

52 A firm finds a weak overall correlation between job satisfaction and individual productivity but a strong one between aggregate satisfaction and organizational performance. The best OB explanation is:

Foundations of individual behavior: values, attitude and job satisfaction Hard
A. Individual productivity is entirely determined by satisfaction
B. Satisfaction never affects performance at any level
C. Aggregation introduces random error that inflates the correlation artificially
D. At the organization level, individual-level variability averages out, making the satisfaction-performance link clearer

53 Organizational commitment has affective, continuance, and normative components. An employee who stays only because leaving would forfeit a large pension is displaying primarily:

Foundations of individual behavior: values, attitude and job satisfaction Hard
A. Job involvement
B. Normative commitment
C. Continuance commitment
D. Affective commitment

54 A manager praises an employee every third time a report is submitted early. This reinforcement schedule is best classified as:

Theories of learning and behavior modification Hard
A. Variable-interval schedule
B. Fixed-ratio schedule
C. Variable-ratio schedule
D. Fixed-interval schedule

55 Which schedule of reinforcement produces behavior that is MOST resistant to extinction, and why?

Theories of learning and behavior modification Hard
A. Fixed-interval, because the learner can anticipate exactly when reward arrives
B. Continuous, because every response is rewarded
C. Variable-ratio, because unpredictable reinforcement makes the absence of reward hard to detect
D. Fixed-ratio, because the ratio requirement is constant

56 In operant conditioning, a supervisor stops nagging an employee once the employee starts arriving on time. The removal of nagging to increase punctuality is an example of:

Theories of learning and behavior modification Hard
A. Negative reinforcement
B. Positive punishment
C. Extinction
D. Positive reinforcement

57 Bandura's social learning theory adds which key mechanism that pure operant conditioning cannot explain?

Theories of learning and behavior modification Hard
A. Vicarious learning through observation and modeling without direct reinforcement
B. Gradual reinforcement of successive approximations toward a target
C. Reinforcement contingencies shaping voluntary responses
D. Reflexive associations between stimuli and involuntary responses
E. Extinction of previously reinforced behaviors

58 The OB Mod (behavior modification) process follows a specific sequence. Which ordering is correct?

Theories of learning and behavior modification Hard
A. Analyze → Evaluate → Identify behaviors → Measure → Intervene
B. Intervene → Identify behaviors → Measure → Evaluate → Analyze
C. Measure → Intervene → Identify behaviors → Analyze → Evaluate
D. Identify behaviors → Measure → Analyze antecedents/consequences → Intervene → Evaluate

59 Shaping is used to build a complex new behavior. Which application best illustrates shaping rather than simple reinforcement?

Theories of learning and behavior modification Hard
A. Reinforcing the exact target behavior only after it appears fully formed
B. Removing reinforcement so an unwanted behavior fades
C. Reinforcing successively closer approximations until the full target behavior is achieved
D. Applying an aversive consequence each time an error occurs

60 A trainer wants to eliminate a behavior quickly and permanently while minimizing negative side effects. Which combined strategy is most consistent with learning theory?

Theories of learning and behavior modification Hard
A. Continuous positive punishment applied alone
B. Variable-ratio reinforcement of the unwanted behavior
C. Negative reinforcement of the unwanted behavior
D. Extinction of the unwanted behavior combined with positive reinforcement of an incompatible desired behavior