Unit 2: Emerging Technologies and Future of the Discipline - Practice Quiz

1 Which technology is most associated with Industry 1.0?

2 What is the central theme of Industry 5.0?

3 Digital transformation primarily refers to:

4 How many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by the United Nations in 2015?

5 Machine Learning is best described as:

6 What does IoT stand for?

7 A blockchain is best described as a:

8 The Metaverse mainly refers to:

9 Compared to 4G, a key advantage of 5G networks is:

10 Edge computing mainly aims to:

11 A digital twin is:

12 In manufacturing, industrial automation primarily helps to:

13 What distinguishes an intelligent sensor from a basic sensor?

14 Hardware security is mainly concerned with:

15 Medical informatics deals with:

16 Which of the following is an example of a clean energy technology?

17 Semiconductors are most commonly made from which material?

18 Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) aim to:

19 The World Economic Forum's Future of Jobs Report mainly discusses:

20 Which of the following is commonly listed as an important skill for future careers?

21 A factory currently uses networked cyber-physical systems and cloud connectivity for mass automation. It now wants to add collaborative robots (cobots) that work alongside humans to enable mass personalization. This transition best represents a move from:

22 A retail company digitizes its paper invoices into PDFs but does not change any of its underlying business processes or customer experience. Why is this NOT considered true digital transformation?

23 An engineering team designs a low-cost solar microgrid for a rural village lacking reliable electricity. Which UN Sustainable Development Goal does this project most directly support?

24 A model achieves 99% accuracy on training data but only 65% on new test data. This behavior is most likely due to:

25 A smart agriculture system uses thousands of battery-powered soil sensors spread across large fields, sending small data packets infrequently. Which communication requirement is MOST critical for this deployment?

26 In a blockchain, each block stores the cryptographic hash of the previous block. What is the primary security benefit of this design?

27 A company builds a persistent 3D virtual workspace where remote employees appear as avatars, interact in real time, and own digital assets. Which combination of technologies is MOST essential to deliver this experience?

28 Which feature of 5G is MOST important for enabling remote robotic surgery, where a surgeon controls instruments over a network?

29 A self-driving car must detect obstacles and brake within milliseconds. Why is edge computing preferred over sending all sensor data to a distant cloud server for processing?

30 A wind turbine operator creates a virtual replica that continuously receives live sensor data to predict component failures before they occur. This is a primary use of:

31 In an automotive assembly line, robots perform repetitive welding with high precision 24/7. What is the MAIN advantage industrial automation provides here compared to manual labor?

32 How does an intelligent (smart) sensor differ from a conventional sensor?

33 A malicious modification inserted into an integrated circuit during manufacturing that can leak data or cause failure is known as:

34 A hospital adopts Electronic Health Records (EHR) that can be securely shared across departments. Which benefit is MOST directly enabled by medical informatics in this scenario?

35 A solar and wind powered grid faces the challenge that generation does not always match demand timing. Which technology MOST directly addresses this intermittency problem?

36 Moore's Law historically described that the number of transistors on a chip doubles approximately every:

37 A city deploys traffic signals that adapt their timing in real time based on live vehicle flow data from cameras and sensors. This is an example of an Intelligent Transportation System because it:

38 According to the World Economic Forum's Future of Jobs analysis, as automation displaces some roles, the labor market is expected to:

39 Why do professional societies such as IEEE and ACM publish codes of ethics for engineers and computing professionals?

40 A recent engineering graduate wants to stay employable as technologies rapidly evolve. Which combination of skills is MOST aligned with future-ready careers?

41 A manufacturing consultancy argues that Industry 5.0 is not merely an extension of Industry 4.0 but a paradigm correction. Which combination of characteristics most precisely distinguishes Industry 5.0 from Industry 4.0?

42 An enterprise digitizes its paper forms into PDFs and stores them in the cloud but keeps the same manual approval workflows. According to standard digital-transformation frameworks, this effort is best classified as:

43 A policymaker wants a single SDG whose progress most directly enables measurable improvements across SDG 6 (Water), SDG 3 (Health), and SDG 13 (Climate) through cleaner power for treatment, refrigeration, and reduced emissions. Which SDG is the strongest cross-cutting enabler?

44 A deep model achieves 99% training accuracy but 71% validation accuracy, and the gap widens as training continues. Which single intervention most directly targets the underlying cause?

45 In a large-scale IoT deployment, engineers must choose between MQTT and CoAP for constrained sensor nodes over lossy networks. Which reasoning correctly matches protocol to requirement?

46 A permissioned enterprise blockchain replaces Proof of Work with a Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus tolerating faulty nodes. What is the minimum total number of nodes required for classical BFT safety?

47 A metaverse platform must maintain consistent shared state across thousands of concurrently interacting avatars with sub-100ms perceived latency. Which architectural challenge is the most fundamental bottleneck?

48 5G defines three service categories: eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. A remote surgical robot requires guaranteed 1ms latency and near-perfect reliability. Which category applies, and which enabling technology is essential?

49 An autonomous vehicle vendor debates processing perception data at the edge versus the cloud. Beyond latency, which argument most strongly justifies edge processing for this safety-critical use case?

50 A team builds a virtual replica of a wind turbine that receives live sensor feeds but cannot send commands or predictions back to the physical asset. According to the digital-twin maturity model, this implementation is best described as a:

51 A collaborative robot (cobot) shares workspace with humans without safety fences. Which control strategy is most fundamental to enabling this safe interaction?

52 An intelligent sensor node performs on-board signal conditioning, self-calibration, and anomaly flagging before transmitting. Compared to a raw analog sensor, the primary system-level advantage is:

53 A design team wants to authenticate each chip using a fingerprint derived from uncontrollable manufacturing variations, so no secret key needs to be stored in non-volatile memory. Which primitive achieves this?

54 A hospital integrates lab, radiology, and pharmacy systems from different vendors. Adopting HL7 FHIR primarily solves which challenge, and what remains unaddressed?

55 A grid operator adds large amounts of solar and wind. The 'duck curve' phenomenon reveals which core challenge, and which technology most directly mitigates it?

56 As transistor nodes shrank below ~7nm, manufacturers adopted EUV lithography and moved from FinFET toward Gate-All-Around (GAA) transistors. The primary motivation for GAA over FinFET is:

57 In connected-vehicle ITS, V2X communication is layered. A car receiving a warning that a vehicle two cars ahead is braking hard, relayed via infrastructure, exemplifies which capability critical to cooperative safety?

58 The WEF Future of Jobs Report frames labor-market change as simultaneous creation and displacement. Which interpretation best captures its central quantitative message about automation?

59 Professional societies like IEEE and ACM publish codes of ethics. When an engineer discovers a safety flaw their employer wants to conceal, the codes most fundamentally prioritize:

60 A curriculum designer must prioritize skills likely to remain valuable as AI automates routine analytical tasks. Which skill category is most defensible as durable, and why?