Unit 4: Acid Value and Ascorbic Acid - Practice Quiz

BTY301 — Biochemistry Laboratory 60 Questions
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1 What does the acid value of a fat measure?

Determination of acid value of fat Easy
A. Free fatty acids in the fat
B. Water content in the fat
C. Total sugars in the fat
D. Total proteins in the fat

2 The acid value is expressed as the milligrams of which substance required to neutralize free fatty acids in 1 g of fat?

Determination of acid value of fat Easy
A. Sodium chloride
B. Sodium bicarbonate
C. Hydrochloric acid
D. Potassium hydroxide

3 Which type of titration is commonly used to determine the acid value of a fat?

Determination of acid value of fat Easy
A. Precipitation titration
B. Redox titration
C. Acid-base titration
D. Complexometric titration

4 Which reagent is commonly used as the titrant in acid value determination?

Determination of acid value of fat Easy
A. Standard alcoholic KOH
B. Standard sodium chloride
C. Standard iodine solution
D. Standard aqueous HCl

5 Which indicator is commonly used in the titration of free fatty acids in fat?

Determination of acid value of fat Easy
A. Methylene blue
B. Methyl orange
C. Phenolphthalein
D. Starch

6 What is the usual endpoint color when phenolphthalein is used in acid value determination?

Determination of acid value of fat Easy
A. Permanent pale pink
B. Bright yellow
C. Permanent dark blue
D. Deep green

7 A high acid value in a fat generally indicates:

Determination of acid value of fat Easy
A. Less free fatty acids
B. Less glycerol content
C. More mineral salts
D. More free fatty acids

8 Which process commonly causes an increase in the acid value of stored fat?

Determination of acid value of fat Easy
A. Reduction of pigments
B. Hydrolysis of triglycerides
C. Evaporation of minerals
D. Crystallization of sugars

9 Why is a fat sample often dissolved in an alcohol-containing solvent before titration?

Determination of acid value of fat Easy
A. To remove all fatty acids
B. To form a suitable titration mixture
C. To increase its protein content
D. To convert KOH into an acid

10 In the acid value equation, the sample mass is usually expressed in:

Determination of acid value of fat Easy
A. Moles
B. Liters
C. Degrees Celsius
D. Grams

11 Ascorbic acid is commonly known as:

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Easy
A. Vitamin D
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin A

12 Which property of ascorbic acid is used in its titrimetric determination?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Easy
A. Volatile property
B. Reducing property
C. Strongly basic property
D. Precipitating property

13 Which reagent is commonly used to estimate ascorbic acid in fruit juice?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Easy
A. DCPIP solution
B. Barium chloride solution
C. Benedict's reagent
D. Sodium chloride solution

14 What happens to DCPIP when it reacts with ascorbic acid?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Easy
A. It is oxidized and becomes black
B. It is reduced and loses its color
C. It forms a white precipitate
D. It produces a gas immediately

15 What is the usual endpoint in the DCPIP titration of ascorbic acid?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Easy
A. A bright green solution
B. A permanent black color
C. A permanent white precipitate
D. A persistent faint pink color

16 Why is fruit juice usually filtered before determining its ascorbic acid content?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Easy
A. To destroy all the vitamin C
B. To add more reducing substances
C. To remove pulp and suspended particles
D. To increase the juice temperature

17 Ascorbic acid is easily destroyed by exposure to:

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Easy
A. Pure nitrogen only
B. Air and light
C. Distilled water only
D. Dry glassware only

18 Why should a fruit juice sample be analyzed soon after preparation?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Easy
A. To reduce vitamin C oxidation
B. To increase sugar fermentation
C. To remove natural pigments
D. To produce more juice volume

19 What is usually prepared before analyzing an unknown fruit juice sample?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Easy
A. A standard ascorbic acid solution
B. A concentrated oil sample
C. A saturated salt solution
D. A protein suspension

20 The ascorbic acid content of fruit juice is commonly reported as:

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Easy
A. Grams per degree Celsius
B. Moles per kilogram of air
C. Liters per gram
D. Milligrams per 100 mL

21 A 2.50 g fat sample requires 1.80 mL of 0.100 M KOH for neutralization. If the blank requires 0.20 mL, what is the acid value of the fat?

Determination of acid value of fat Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

22 Why is a blank titration performed during acid value determination?

Determination of acid value of fat Medium
A. To measure the fat's moisture content
B. To correct for alkali consumed by solvents and reagents
C. To determine the molecular mass of the fat
D. To convert free fatty acids into glycerol

23 A fat sample is titrated with 0.050 M KOH. The sample mass is 4.00 g, and the blank-corrected titre is 3.00 mL. What is the acid value?

Determination of acid value of fat Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

24 An increased acid value in an oil sample most directly indicates:

Determination of acid value of fat Medium
A. Complete absence of hydrolytic rancidity
B. Lower concentration of free fatty acids
C. Greater triglyceride synthesis
D. Greater free fatty acid formation

25 If the fat sample mass is doubled while the amount of free fatty acid remains proportional to the sample mass, what happens to the acid value?

Determination of acid value of fat Medium
A. It remains approximately unchanged
B. It becomes equal to the titre volume
C. It approximately doubles
D. It approximately halves

26 Which endpoint observation is generally used when phenolphthalein is the indicator in acid value determination?

Determination of acid value of fat Medium
A. A temporary yellow color
B. A permanent deep blue color
C. A permanent green precipitate
D. A permanent pale pink color

27 A 5.00 g fat sample gives a titre of 4.50 mL with 0.100 N KOH. The blank titre is 0.50 mL. What is the acid value?

Determination of acid value of fat Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

28 Why is the fat commonly dissolved in a neutralized alcohol-containing solvent before titration?

Determination of acid value of fat Medium
A. To dissolve the fat and permit reaction with alkali
B. To precipitate potassium salts before titration
C. To increase the molecular mass of triglycerides
D. To oxidize all fatty acids into aldehydes

29 A technician uses 0.200 N KOH instead of 0.100 N KOH in the calculation without changing the recorded titre. What is the effect on the calculated acid value?

Determination of acid value of fat Medium
A. It becomes zero after blank correction
B. It is reported approximately twice the true value
C. It is unaffected by the concentration error
D. It is reported approximately half the true value

30 Which procedural mistake would most likely produce an acid value that is too high?

Determination of acid value of fat Medium
A. Reading the burette at eye level
B. Subtracting the blank titre correctly
C. Overshooting the phenolphthalein endpoint
D. Using a larger sample mass accurately

31 In the DCPIP method, ascorbic acid is quantified because it:

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Medium
A. Forms an insoluble salt with DCPIP
B. Oxidizes DCPIP to a blue precipitate
C. Acts as an indicator without reacting
D. Reduces DCPIP to its colorless form

32 A standard solution contains 1.00 mg of ascorbic acid and requires 2.00 mL of DCPIP. A 10.0 mL juice aliquot requires 1.50 mL of DCPIP. How much ascorbic acid is present in the aliquot?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

33 A 10.0 mL juice aliquot contains 0.75 mg of ascorbic acid. What is the concentration of ascorbic acid in the juice?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

34 Why should a fruit juice sample be analyzed promptly or protected from air and light?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Medium
A. Ascorbic acid becomes a stronger base in darkness
B. Sugars are converted quantitatively into ascorbic acid
C. DCPIP is produced naturally by the juice
D. Ascorbic acid can oxidize during storage

35 A 25.0 mL juice sample is diluted to 100.0 mL. A 10.0 mL portion of the diluted sample contains 2.00 mg of ascorbic acid. What is the ascorbic acid content of the original juice?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

36 A 25.0 mL juice sample is diluted to 100.0 mL. A 10.0 mL portion of the diluted sample contains 2.00 mg of ascorbic acid. What is the ascorbic acid content of the original juice?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

37 What indicates the endpoint in a DCPIP titration of ascorbic acid?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Medium
A. A deep green color disappears completely
B. A yellow precipitate forms immediately
C. A colorless solution remains permanently
D. A faint pink color persists briefly

38 If a juice aliquot is diluted twofold before titration and the dilution is not included in the calculation, the reported ascorbic acid concentration will be:

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Medium
A. Unchanged because dilution does not affect titration
B. Approximately half the true concentration
C. Approximately twice the true concentration
D. Zero because the indicator is diluted

39 A standardization shows that 1.00 mL DCPIP is equivalent to 0.400 mg ascorbic acid. If 15.0 mL of juice requires 2.50 mL DCPIP, what is the concentration in the juice?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

40 A standardization shows that 1.00 mL DCPIP is equivalent to 0.400 mg ascorbic acid. If 15.0 mL of juice requires 2.50 mL DCPIP, what is the concentration in the juice?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

41 A fat sample requires of alcoholic KOH, while the reagent blank requires . What is the acid value of the fat?

Determination of acid value of fat Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

42 A fat sample is titrated using alcoholic KOH that was standardized with potassium hydrogen phthalate (molar mass ). The KHP requires of the KOH solution. What is the actual normality of the KOH?

Determination of acid value of fat Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

43 A fat sample requires of KOH, and the blank requires . Which result is closest to the acid value?

Determination of acid value of fat Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

44 If the endpoint is exceeded by during titration of a sample with KOH, what is the resulting error in the reported acid value?

Determination of acid value of fat Hard
A. An overestimation of
B. An underestimation of
C. An overestimation of
D. An underestimation of

45 A fat has an acid value of . Assuming its free fatty acids are entirely oleic acid, what is the approximate percentage of free oleic acid by mass? Use molar mass of oleic acid .

Determination of acid value of fat Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

46 Two samples are titrated with KOH. Sample A weighs and consumes after a blank correction. Sample B weighs and consumes after the same correction. Which interpretation is correct?

Determination of acid value of fat Hard
A. Both samples have the same acid value
B. Sample B has the higher acid value by a factor of two
C. Sample A has the higher acid value by a factor of two
D. The comparison is impossible without saponification data

47 Why is a reagent blank essential in acid-value determination even when the fat itself is the only intended acid source?

Determination of acid value of fat Hard
A. It converts acid value into saponification value
B. It measures alkali consumed by triglyceride hydrolysis
C. It measures alkali consumed by the solvent and reagents
D. It compensates for the molecular mass of fatty acids

48 A poorly dried fat sample contains water by mass. If the measured acid value is calculated using the wet sample mass, how will the result compare with the acid value calculated on a dry-mass basis, assuming water consumes no KOH?

Determination of acid value of fat Hard
A. Both values are identical
B. The wet-basis value is lower
C. The wet-basis value is higher
D. The wet-basis value is lower

49 Which observation most strongly indicates that an acid-value titration result may be falsely high because of incomplete sample dissolution?

Determination of acid value of fat Hard
A. A blank volume slightly smaller than the sample volume
B. A stable pale-pink endpoint after vigorous mixing
C. A duplicate result differing by less than one percent
D. A gradually fading endpoint requiring repeated titrant additions

50 Which statement best distinguishes acid value from saponification value?

Determination of acid value of fat Hard
A. Acid value measures free acids; saponification value includes ester-bound acids
B. Both values measure only free fatty acids in the sample
C. Both values are determined from identical blank-corrected titrations
D. Acid value measures ester-bound acids; saponification value measures free acids

51 A fruit juice sample is diluted to . A aliquot requires of DCPIP, and DCPIP is equivalent to ascorbic acid. What is the ascorbic acid concentration in the original juice?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

52 A DCPIP solution is standardized using pure ascorbic acid, requiring DCPIP. A juice sample then requires . What mass of ascorbic acid is present per juice?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

53 A juice sample is diluted to . A aliquot requires DCPIP, standardized as ascorbic acid. What is the concentration in the original juice?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

54 In an ascorbic acid titration with DCPIP, the endpoint is identified by a faint pink color that persists briefly. The persistence occurs because:

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Hard
A. The juice becomes strongly alkaline at equivalence
B. All DCPIP has been reduced by excess ascorbate
C. A slight excess of unreduced DCPIP remains after ascorbate is consumed
D. The indicator permanently binds to all fruit pigments

55 Why is metaphosphoric acid or another suitable stabilizing acid commonly used during preparation of fruit-juice samples for ascorbic acid analysis?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Hard
A. It accelerates oxidation by atmospheric oxygen
B. It converts DCPIP into a stronger reducing agent
C. It stabilizes ascorbate and helps precipitate interfering proteins
D. It hydrolyzes all sugars into titratable acids

56 A juice contains a strongly colored pigment that masks the DCPIP endpoint. Which modification most directly improves the analytical result without changing the redox chemistry?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Hard
A. Replace the aliquot with an equal volume of distilled water
B. Use a reagent blank containing the juice matrix without ascorbate
C. Titrate the juice after prolonged exposure to air
D. Increase the DCPIP concentration until the color is permanent

57 A juice sample gives titration volumes of , , and DCPIP. What is the most appropriate treatment before calculating the ascorbic acid content?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Hard
A. Use only the largest value
B. Subtract the smallest value from the largest value
C. Reject the outlier and average the concordant values
D. Average all three values directly

58 If a juice sample is left exposed to air and light for several hours before DCPIP titration, the measured ascorbic acid content will most likely be:

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Hard
A. Lower because ascorbate is oxidized before titration
B. Unchanged because DCPIP measures total vitamin C derivatives
C. Higher because pigments become stronger reducing agents
D. Higher because oxygen creates additional ascorbate

59 A juice aliquot requires DCPIP. A matrix blank requires , and the standardized factor is ascorbic acid per milliliter of DCPIP. What mass of ascorbic acid is in the aliquot?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

60 A method reports ascorbic acid in a juice, but the juice was first diluted and the analyst forgot to apply the dilution factor. What should the corrected concentration be?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.