Unit 4: Acid Value and Ascorbic Acid - Practice Quiz

BTY301 — Biochemistry Laboratory 60 Questions
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1 What does the acid value of a fat measure?

Determination of acid value of fat Easy
A. Total proteins in the fat
B. Free fatty acids in the fat
C. Total sugars in the fat
D. Water content in the fat

2 The acid value is expressed as the milligrams of which substance required to neutralize free fatty acids in 1 g of fat?

Determination of acid value of fat Easy
A. Sodium bicarbonate
B. Potassium hydroxide
C. Hydrochloric acid
D. Sodium chloride

3 Which type of titration is commonly used to determine the acid value of a fat?

Determination of acid value of fat Easy
A. Precipitation titration
B. Redox titration
C. Acid-base titration
D. Complexometric titration

4 Which reagent is commonly used as the titrant in acid value determination?

Determination of acid value of fat Easy
A. Standard aqueous HCl
B. Standard alcoholic KOH
C. Standard iodine solution
D. Standard sodium chloride

5 Which indicator is commonly used in the titration of free fatty acids in fat?

Determination of acid value of fat Easy
A. Methyl orange
B. Phenolphthalein
C. Starch
D. Methylene blue

6 What is the usual endpoint color when phenolphthalein is used in acid value determination?

Determination of acid value of fat Easy
A. Bright yellow
B. Permanent dark blue
C. Permanent pale pink
D. Deep green

7 A high acid value in a fat generally indicates:

Determination of acid value of fat Easy
A. Less free fatty acids
B. Less glycerol content
C. More mineral salts
D. More free fatty acids

8 Which process commonly causes an increase in the acid value of stored fat?

Determination of acid value of fat Easy
A. Hydrolysis of triglycerides
B. Evaporation of minerals
C. Reduction of pigments
D. Crystallization of sugars

9 Why is a fat sample often dissolved in an alcohol-containing solvent before titration?

Determination of acid value of fat Easy
A. To convert KOH into an acid
B. To remove all fatty acids
C. To increase its protein content
D. To form a suitable titration mixture

10 In the acid value equation, the sample mass is usually expressed in:

Determination of acid value of fat Easy
A. Grams
B. Moles
C. Degrees Celsius
D. Liters

11 Ascorbic acid is commonly known as:

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Easy
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin C

12 Which property of ascorbic acid is used in its titrimetric determination?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Easy
A. Strongly basic property
B. Precipitating property
C. Volatile property
D. Reducing property

13 Which reagent is commonly used to estimate ascorbic acid in fruit juice?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Easy
A. Benedict's reagent
B. DCPIP solution
C. Sodium chloride solution
D. Barium chloride solution

14 What happens to DCPIP when it reacts with ascorbic acid?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Easy
A. It is reduced and loses its color
B. It is oxidized and becomes black
C. It forms a white precipitate
D. It produces a gas immediately

15 What is the usual endpoint in the DCPIP titration of ascorbic acid?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Easy
A. A bright green solution
B. A persistent faint pink color
C. A permanent black color
D. A permanent white precipitate

16 Why is fruit juice usually filtered before determining its ascorbic acid content?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Easy
A. To add more reducing substances
B. To destroy all the vitamin C
C. To remove pulp and suspended particles
D. To increase the juice temperature

17 Ascorbic acid is easily destroyed by exposure to:

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Easy
A. Pure nitrogen only
B. Distilled water only
C. Air and light
D. Dry glassware only

18 Why should a fruit juice sample be analyzed soon after preparation?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Easy
A. To increase sugar fermentation
B. To produce more juice volume
C. To remove natural pigments
D. To reduce vitamin C oxidation

19 What is usually prepared before analyzing an unknown fruit juice sample?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Easy
A. A protein suspension
B. A concentrated oil sample
C. A standard ascorbic acid solution
D. A saturated salt solution

20 The ascorbic acid content of fruit juice is commonly reported as:

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Easy
A. Liters per gram
B. Moles per kilogram of air
C. Grams per degree Celsius
D. Milligrams per 100 mL

21 A 2.50 g fat sample requires 1.80 mL of 0.100 M KOH for neutralization. If the blank requires 0.20 mL, what is the acid value of the fat?

Determination of acid value of fat Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

22 Why is a blank titration performed during acid value determination?

Determination of acid value of fat Medium
A. To determine the molecular mass of the fat
B. To correct for alkali consumed by solvents and reagents
C. To convert free fatty acids into glycerol
D. To measure the fat's moisture content

23 A fat sample is titrated with 0.050 M KOH. The sample mass is 4.00 g, and the blank-corrected titre is 3.00 mL. What is the acid value?

Determination of acid value of fat Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

24 An increased acid value in an oil sample most directly indicates:

Determination of acid value of fat Medium
A. Lower concentration of free fatty acids
B. Greater triglyceride synthesis
C. Complete absence of hydrolytic rancidity
D. Greater free fatty acid formation

25 If the fat sample mass is doubled while the amount of free fatty acid remains proportional to the sample mass, what happens to the acid value?

Determination of acid value of fat Medium
A. It approximately halves
B. It becomes equal to the titre volume
C. It remains approximately unchanged
D. It approximately doubles

26 Which endpoint observation is generally used when phenolphthalein is the indicator in acid value determination?

Determination of acid value of fat Medium
A. A permanent green precipitate
B. A temporary yellow color
C. A permanent pale pink color
D. A permanent deep blue color

27 A 5.00 g fat sample gives a titre of 4.50 mL with 0.100 N KOH. The blank titre is 0.50 mL. What is the acid value?

Determination of acid value of fat Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

28 Why is the fat commonly dissolved in a neutralized alcohol-containing solvent before titration?

Determination of acid value of fat Medium
A. To dissolve the fat and permit reaction with alkali
B. To oxidize all fatty acids into aldehydes
C. To increase the molecular mass of triglycerides
D. To precipitate potassium salts before titration

29 A technician uses 0.200 N KOH instead of 0.100 N KOH in the calculation without changing the recorded titre. What is the effect on the calculated acid value?

Determination of acid value of fat Medium
A. It is unaffected by the concentration error
B. It becomes zero after blank correction
C. It is reported approximately twice the true value
D. It is reported approximately half the true value

30 Which procedural mistake would most likely produce an acid value that is too high?

Determination of acid value of fat Medium
A. Subtracting the blank titre correctly
B. Reading the burette at eye level
C. Overshooting the phenolphthalein endpoint
D. Using a larger sample mass accurately

31 In the DCPIP method, ascorbic acid is quantified because it:

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Medium
A. Forms an insoluble salt with DCPIP
B. Acts as an indicator without reacting
C. Oxidizes DCPIP to a blue precipitate
D. Reduces DCPIP to its colorless form

32 A standard solution contains 1.00 mg of ascorbic acid and requires 2.00 mL of DCPIP. A 10.0 mL juice aliquot requires 1.50 mL of DCPIP. How much ascorbic acid is present in the aliquot?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

33 A 10.0 mL juice aliquot contains 0.75 mg of ascorbic acid. What is the concentration of ascorbic acid in the juice?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

34 Why should a fruit juice sample be analyzed promptly or protected from air and light?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Medium
A. Sugars are converted quantitatively into ascorbic acid
B. DCPIP is produced naturally by the juice
C. Ascorbic acid can oxidize during storage
D. Ascorbic acid becomes a stronger base in darkness

35 A 25.0 mL juice sample is diluted to 100.0 mL. A 10.0 mL portion of the diluted sample contains 2.00 mg of ascorbic acid. What is the ascorbic acid content of the original juice?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

36 A 25.0 mL juice sample is diluted to 100.0 mL. A 10.0 mL portion of the diluted sample contains 2.00 mg of ascorbic acid. What is the ascorbic acid content of the original juice?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

37 What indicates the endpoint in a DCPIP titration of ascorbic acid?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Medium
A. A yellow precipitate forms immediately
B. A deep green color disappears completely
C. A colorless solution remains permanently
D. A faint pink color persists briefly

38 If a juice aliquot is diluted twofold before titration and the dilution is not included in the calculation, the reported ascorbic acid concentration will be:

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Medium
A. Approximately half the true concentration
B. Unchanged because dilution does not affect titration
C. Approximately twice the true concentration
D. Zero because the indicator is diluted

39 A standardization shows that 1.00 mL DCPIP is equivalent to 0.400 mg ascorbic acid. If 15.0 mL of juice requires 2.50 mL DCPIP, what is the concentration in the juice?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

40 A standardization shows that 1.00 mL DCPIP is equivalent to 0.400 mg ascorbic acid. If 15.0 mL of juice requires 2.50 mL DCPIP, what is the concentration in the juice?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

41 A fat sample requires of alcoholic KOH, while the reagent blank requires . What is the acid value of the fat?

Determination of acid value of fat Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

42 A fat sample is titrated using alcoholic KOH that was standardized with potassium hydrogen phthalate (molar mass ). The KHP requires of the KOH solution. What is the actual normality of the KOH?

Determination of acid value of fat Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

43 A fat sample requires of KOH, and the blank requires . Which result is closest to the acid value?

Determination of acid value of fat Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

44 If the endpoint is exceeded by during titration of a sample with KOH, what is the resulting error in the reported acid value?

Determination of acid value of fat Hard
A. An overestimation of
B. An underestimation of
C. An underestimation of
D. An overestimation of

45 A fat has an acid value of . Assuming its free fatty acids are entirely oleic acid, what is the approximate percentage of free oleic acid by mass? Use molar mass of oleic acid .

Determination of acid value of fat Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

46 Two samples are titrated with KOH. Sample A weighs and consumes after a blank correction. Sample B weighs and consumes after the same correction. Which interpretation is correct?

Determination of acid value of fat Hard
A. Both samples have the same acid value
B. The comparison is impossible without saponification data
C. Sample A has the higher acid value by a factor of two
D. Sample B has the higher acid value by a factor of two

47 Why is a reagent blank essential in acid-value determination even when the fat itself is the only intended acid source?

Determination of acid value of fat Hard
A. It measures alkali consumed by the solvent and reagents
B. It converts acid value into saponification value
C. It measures alkali consumed by triglyceride hydrolysis
D. It compensates for the molecular mass of fatty acids

48 A poorly dried fat sample contains water by mass. If the measured acid value is calculated using the wet sample mass, how will the result compare with the acid value calculated on a dry-mass basis, assuming water consumes no KOH?

Determination of acid value of fat Hard
A. The wet-basis value is higher
B. The wet-basis value is lower
C. The wet-basis value is lower
D. Both values are identical

49 Which observation most strongly indicates that an acid-value titration result may be falsely high because of incomplete sample dissolution?

Determination of acid value of fat Hard
A. A duplicate result differing by less than one percent
B. A stable pale-pink endpoint after vigorous mixing
C. A blank volume slightly smaller than the sample volume
D. A gradually fading endpoint requiring repeated titrant additions

50 Which statement best distinguishes acid value from saponification value?

Determination of acid value of fat Hard
A. Both values are determined from identical blank-corrected titrations
B. Both values measure only free fatty acids in the sample
C. Acid value measures ester-bound acids; saponification value measures free acids
D. Acid value measures free acids; saponification value includes ester-bound acids

51 A fruit juice sample is diluted to . A aliquot requires of DCPIP, and DCPIP is equivalent to ascorbic acid. What is the ascorbic acid concentration in the original juice?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

52 A DCPIP solution is standardized using pure ascorbic acid, requiring DCPIP. A juice sample then requires . What mass of ascorbic acid is present per juice?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

53 A juice sample is diluted to . A aliquot requires DCPIP, standardized as ascorbic acid. What is the concentration in the original juice?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

54 In an ascorbic acid titration with DCPIP, the endpoint is identified by a faint pink color that persists briefly. The persistence occurs because:

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Hard
A. All DCPIP has been reduced by excess ascorbate
B. A slight excess of unreduced DCPIP remains after ascorbate is consumed
C. The indicator permanently binds to all fruit pigments
D. The juice becomes strongly alkaline at equivalence

55 Why is metaphosphoric acid or another suitable stabilizing acid commonly used during preparation of fruit-juice samples for ascorbic acid analysis?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Hard
A. It accelerates oxidation by atmospheric oxygen
B. It converts DCPIP into a stronger reducing agent
C. It hydrolyzes all sugars into titratable acids
D. It stabilizes ascorbate and helps precipitate interfering proteins

56 A juice contains a strongly colored pigment that masks the DCPIP endpoint. Which modification most directly improves the analytical result without changing the redox chemistry?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Hard
A. Replace the aliquot with an equal volume of distilled water
B. Increase the DCPIP concentration until the color is permanent
C. Titrate the juice after prolonged exposure to air
D. Use a reagent blank containing the juice matrix without ascorbate

57 A juice sample gives titration volumes of , , and DCPIP. What is the most appropriate treatment before calculating the ascorbic acid content?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Hard
A. Subtract the smallest value from the largest value
B. Average all three values directly
C. Reject the outlier and average the concordant values
D. Use only the largest value

58 If a juice sample is left exposed to air and light for several hours before DCPIP titration, the measured ascorbic acid content will most likely be:

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Hard
A. Unchanged because DCPIP measures total vitamin C derivatives
B. Lower because ascorbate is oxidized before titration
C. Higher because oxygen creates additional ascorbate
D. Higher because pigments become stronger reducing agents

59 A juice aliquot requires DCPIP. A matrix blank requires , and the standardized factor is ascorbic acid per milliliter of DCPIP. What mass of ascorbic acid is in the aliquot?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

60 A method reports ascorbic acid in a juice, but the juice was first diluted and the analyst forgot to apply the dilution factor. What should the corrected concentration be?

Determination of ascorbic acid content in fruit juice Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.