Unit 4: Production Technology of Temperate and Nut Crops - Practice Quiz

1 What type of fruit is an apple botanically classified as?

2 Which propagation method is commonly used to produce commercial apple plants?

3 Which training system is commonly used for standard apple trees?

4 Why are pollinizer cultivars commonly planted in apple orchards?

5 What is the botanical fruit type of pear?

6 What is the scientific name of the European pear?

7 Which method is commonly used for the commercial propagation of pear?

8 What type of fruit is peach?

9 Which training system is commonly recommended for peach trees?

10 Peach trees mainly bear fruit on which type of growth?

11 Which structure is commonly used for the vegetative propagation of strawberry?

12 How is the strawberry fruit botanically classified?

13 What are the small seed-like structures visible on the surface of a strawberry called?

14 Which part of a strawberry plant gives rise to leaves, roots, and flower clusters?

15 Which part of the almond fruit is normally eaten?

16 Which method is commonly used for the commercial propagation of almond?

17 Why are compatible pollinizer cultivars often planted in almond orchards?

18 What is the scientific name of the English or Persian walnut?

19 Which part of the walnut is eaten?

20 Why are selected walnut cultivars commonly propagated by grafting?

21 An apple orchard established on M.9 rootstock shows tree leaning and rapid moisture stress during dry periods. Which management practice best addresses both problems?

22 An apple block had a very heavy fruit set last season, followed by poor flowering this season. Which practice would most directly reduce recurrence of this problem?

23 Apple fruits develop small, sunken, corky spots near the calyx end during storage. Which orchard adjustment is most appropriate?

24 A large orchard is planted entirely with a self-unfruitful apple cultivar. Flowering is abundant, but fruit set is consistently low. What is the best corrective measure?

25 European pears become mealy and develop internal breakdown when allowed to soften fully on the tree. Which harvest strategy is most suitable?

26 A desirable pear cultivar is incompatible with quince rootstock, but the grower still wants the dwarfing effect of quince. What should be done?

27 Pear shoots show blackened blossoms and characteristic shepherd's-crook tips after warm, wet weather. Which action best limits further spread?

28 A peach orchard has dense canopies and little new shoot growth, causing fruiting to shift toward the outside of the trees. Which pruning approach is most suitable?

29 A peach tree has set too many fruitlets, and the grower wants to improve fruit size without wasting excessive assimilates. What should be done?

30 Peach trees in a mild-winter location show delayed leafing, irregular flowering, and poor fruit set. Which long-term decision is most appropriate?

31 Recently planted strawberry plants show crown rotting because the growing point was covered with soil. What is the correct planting depth?

32 In an annual plasticulture strawberry system intended mainly for fruit production, numerous runners are forming. How should they be managed?

33 Strawberry fruits develop soft brown lesions covered by gray fungal growth during cool, humid weather. Which management combination is most effective?

34 A strawberry field contains 10,000 plants. Each plant produces an average of kg of fruit, of which is marketable. What is the expected marketable yield?

35 A self-incompatible almond cultivar flowers profusely but sets few nuts in a single-cultivar block. Which orchard modification is most appropriate?

36 A grower is selecting a site and cultivar for almond production in an area with frequent late spring frosts. Which combination offers the best risk reduction?

37 Most almond hulls have split and the nuts have reached harvest maturity. Which postharvest sequence best protects kernel quality?

38 A walnut cultivar releases most of its pollen before its female flowers become receptive. How should this pollination problem be managed?

39 Walnut blight has repeatedly caused dark lesions on young nuts during wet springs. Which preventive program is most appropriate?

40 Walnuts have reached physiological maturity, indicated by browning of the packing tissue around the kernel. What should the grower do next?

41 An orchard contains alternate rows of triploid 'Jonagold' and diploid 'Gala', whose flowering periods overlap. Fruit set of 'Gala' remains poor despite abundant bees. Which modification most directly addresses the underlying problem?

42 Apple trees on MM.106 grow normally for several years but then show reddish-brown necrosis at the crown, reduced shoot growth, and sudden collapse following seasons of poor drainage. Which interpretation is most appropriate?

43 A lightly cropped apple block produces unusually large fruit that develop sunken corky lesions near the calyx during storage. Leaf analysis shows high nitrogen, while fruit calcium is low. Which management program is most suitable?

44 A strongly biennial apple cultivar has an excessive crop in the current season. Which intervention is most likely to improve both marketable fruit size and return bloom in the following season?

45 A commercially valuable European pear cultivar is incompatible with quince rootstock, but a dwarf tree is required. Which nursery strategy best preserves the dwarfing effect while overcoming incompatibility?

46 A grower harvests European pears only after they become soft on the tree, resulting in internal breakdown and poor storage quality. Which replacement practice is physiologically appropriate?

47 Following warm, wet weather at bloom, pear shoots develop blackened shepherd's-crook tips and bacterial ooze. Which integrated response is most appropriate?

48 An unpruned peach tree develops a dense canopy, declining fruit size, and long sections of old wood with little cropping. Which pruning principle directly follows from the bearing habit of peach?

49 A peach orchard is planned on a drought-prone, calcareous soil with no history of waterlogging or root-knot nematodes. Which rootstock is generally the best fit?

50 An early peach cultivar repeatedly develops split pits in oversized fruit. Records show severe thinning immediately after fruit set, high nitrogen, and alternating drought and heavy irrigation before pit hardening. Which adjustment is most defensible?

51 After frost during bloom, strawberries develop misshapen receptacles with normal growth on only one side. What mechanism most directly explains this pattern?

52 A one-hectare strawberry field is planted on beds spaced 1.2 m center-to-center, with two rows per bed and 0.30 m between plants within each row. Ignoring headlands and vacant spaces, approximately how many plants are required?

53 A day-neutral strawberry cultivar flowers continuously during cool months but nearly stops flowering when mean temperatures become very high, even though day length remains suitable. Which conclusion is correct?

54 Two self-incompatible almond cultivars have genotypes and and flower simultaneously. Under gametophytic self-incompatibility, how should their reciprocal compatibility be described?

55 An almond orchard with excessive late nitrogen and irrigation develops extensive shoot dieback associated with infected hulls shortly after hull split. Which preventive change best targets this disease cycle?

56 A mature almond orchard is subjected to severe annual heading cuts, after which vegetative growth increases but yields decline. Which change better matches almond's bearing habit?

57 A protogynous walnut cultivar has receptive pistillate flowers from 10–16 April but sheds pollen from 18–23 April. Which candidate is the most effective pollenizer based solely on phenology?

58 Bench-grafted walnut plants show poor union formation because the nursery remains cool after grafting. Which modification most directly improves graft success without forcing premature scion growth?

59 A grower replaces terminal-bearing walnut cultivars with precocious lateral-bearing cultivars in a high-density system. Which management consequence is most likely?

60 Walnuts have reached the packing-tissue-brown stage, but harvest is delayed for several weeks to obtain maximum natural hull separation. Kernel color and quality subsequently deteriorate. Which practice would better preserve quality?