Unit 4: Organisational behaviour - Practice Quiz

PBA112 — Elements Of Public Administration 60 Questions
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1 What is decision-making?

decision-making Easy
A. Following every instruction blindly
B. Sharing information without purpose
C. Avoiding all responsibilities
D. Choosing among alternatives

2 Which step usually comes first in the decision-making process?

decision-making Easy
A. Reviewing staff performance
B. Identifying the problem
C. Evaluating the results
D. Implementing the solution

3 A decision based on established rules and procedures is called a:

decision-making Easy
A. Random decision
B. Delayed decision
C. Personal decision
D. Programmed decision

4 Which of the following is an important purpose of decision-making in an organisation?

decision-making Easy
A. Increasing workplace confusion
B. Removing every procedure
C. Reducing all communication
D. Achieving organisational goals

5 What is leadership?

leadership Easy
A. Performing every task alone
B. Controlling records and files
C. Influencing people toward goals
D. Avoiding contact with employees

6 A person who guides and directs a group is known as a:

leadership Easy
A. Leader
B. Supplier
C. Customer
D. Auditor

7 Which leadership style allows employees to participate in decisions?

leadership Easy
A. Unplanned leadership
B. Autocratic leadership
C. Absent leadership
D. Democratic leadership

8 Which quality is commonly associated with effective leadership?

leadership Easy
A. Carelessness
B. Unfairness
C. Integrity
D. Indifference

9 What is communication?

communication Easy
A. Assignment of buildings
B. Storage of equipment
C. Exchange of information
D. Measurement of salaries

10 Who initiates a message in the communication process?

communication Easy
A. The receiver
B. The visitor
C. The observer
D. The sender

11 Which of the following is an example of written communication?

communication Easy
A. Informal nod
B. Hand gesture
C. Official memorandum
D. Facial expression

12 What is feedback in communication?

communication Easy
A. The sender's position
B. The office's location
C. The receiver's response
D. The message's length

13 What is coordination?

coordination Easy
A. Repeating identical tasks
B. Harmonising organisational activities
C. Ignoring common objectives
D. Separating all departments

14 The main purpose of coordination is to:

coordination Easy
A. Delay routine activities
B. Increase departmental conflict
C. Avoid duplication of work
D. Restrict useful information

15 Coordination is especially important when organisational tasks are:

coordination Easy
A. Unrelated
B. Interdependent
C. Completed privately
D. Already cancelled

16 What is motivation?

motivation Easy
A. A method of storing files
B. A system of office design
C. A force encouraging action
D. A process of reducing duties

17 Which of the following is an example of an extrinsic motivator?

motivation Easy
A. Performance bonus
B. Enjoyment of learning
C. Sense of achievement
D. Personal interest

18 Recognition for good work can motivate employees by increasing their:

motivation Easy
A. Fear of teamwork
B. Resistance to goals
C. Workplace isolation
D. Sense of value

19 What is employee morale?

morale Easy
A. The number of office supplies
B. The structure of a building
C. The length of working hours
D. The general attitude of employees

20 High morale among employees is usually associated with:

morale Easy
A. Lower cooperation
B. Less interest in duties
C. Greater enthusiasm
D. More workplace conflict

21 A district office must choose between repairing an old water system and constructing a smaller new one. Which approach would best improve the decision?

decision-making Medium
A. Choose the cheaper option immediately
B. Delay the decision until all uncertainty disappears
C. Select the option preferred by senior staff
D. Compare costs, benefits, risks, and feasibility

22 A manager has limited funds and several urgent requests. Which decision-making technique is most appropriate?

decision-making Medium
A. Choose the request from the largest unit
B. Divide funds equally among all units
C. Rank alternatives using agreed criteria
D. Approve requests in the order received

23 An officer continues funding a failing program because considerable money has already been spent on it. This behavior illustrates which problem?

decision-making Medium
A. Role ambiguity
B. Sunk-cost bias
C. Delegation failure
D. Groupthink

24 During a crisis, a department head assigns clear roles, sets short deadlines, and keeps communication channels open. Which leadership behavior is demonstrated?

leadership Medium
A. Providing task and relationship support
B. Using completely passive supervision
C. Replacing all staff participation
D. Avoiding responsibility

25 A newly formed project team has capable members but lacks confidence about its responsibilities. Which leadership action is most suitable?

leadership Medium
A. Set expectations and invite questions
B. Monitor every minor activity personally
C. Give no guidance to encourage independence
D. Replace members before evaluating performance

26 A public manager asks employees for solutions before deciding how to reduce service delays. This approach is most likely to improve:

leadership Medium
A. Dependence on informal rumors
B. Resistance to all forms of authority
C. Employee ownership of the decision
D. Confusion about every policy

27 A policy memo is misunderstood by field offices because it uses unfamiliar technical terms. Which improvement is most appropriate?

communication Medium
A. Send the memo without any revision
B. Add more specialized terminology
C. Use clearer language and practical examples
D. Limit the message to senior officials

28 A supervisor gives instructions verbally about a complex procurement procedure. Which action would most reduce later misunderstanding?

communication Medium
A. Ask staff to rely on memory
B. Provide written instructions and invite feedback
C. Let each employee interpret the procedure
D. Repeat the same message more quickly

29 Employees hear different versions of a staffing change from informal conversations. What should the manager do first?

communication Medium
A. Stop communicating until the final decision
B. Issue accurate information through an official channel
C. Punish all employees who discuss the change
D. Ignore the rumors until they disappear

30 A housing program and a health program serve the same neighborhoods but collect overlapping data separately. Which coordination measure would help most?

coordination Medium
A. Create a joint information-sharing arrangement
B. Transfer both programs to one employee
C. Remove data collection from both programs
D. Require each program to work independently

31 Several agencies must respond to a flood, but their activities overlap and supplies are unevenly distributed. Which mechanism is most suitable?

coordination Medium
A. A temporary ban on information sharing
B. Independent purchasing by every agency
C. An interagency coordination committee
D. Separate plans with no common meeting

32 Two departments disagree about responsibility for processing a permit. Which action would best address the problem?

coordination Medium
A. Ask applicants to choose the responsible department
B. Wait for the disagreement to resolve itself
C. Allow both departments to reject applications
D. Define responsibilities and establish a workflow

33 A public employee values professional growth but receives only repetitive assignments. Which managerial action is most likely to increase motivation?

motivation Medium
A. Assign challenging work with development opportunities
B. Remove feedback to promote self-reliance
C. Offer praise unrelated to actual performance
D. Increase routine tasks without explanation

34 A department introduces performance bonuses, but employees believe the evaluation process is biased. Why might motivation remain low?

motivation Medium
A. Performance standards always reduce motivation
B. Rewards are ineffective when procedures seem unfair
C. Employees never respond to financial rewards
D. Bonuses eliminate the need for supervision

35 A manager wants staff to improve response time without lowering service quality. Which goal is best designed?

motivation Medium
A. Complete more cases than other departments
B. Reduce average response time by 15% while meeting quality standards
C. Improve performance substantially by year-end
D. Work faster whenever possible

36 After repeated policy changes and public criticism, employees become withdrawn and absenteeism rises. Which response would most directly address morale?

morale Medium
A. Ignore emotions and focus only on output
B. Replace experienced employees with temporary staff
C. Acknowledge concerns and involve staff in improvements
D. Increase surveillance without discussing concerns

37 A unit has adequate salaries but low morale because good work is rarely recognized. Which intervention is most appropriate?

morale Medium
A. Assign additional duties without explanation
B. Increase rules for minor workplace behavior
C. Reduce opportunities for employee feedback
D. Provide fair and specific recognition

38 A manager notices conflict between two teams is lowering cooperation across the office. Which action would best protect morale?

morale Medium
A. Facilitate a fair discussion and clarify shared goals
B. Publicly blame the team with fewer members
C. Separate the teams without addressing the conflict
D. Reward one team regardless of its contribution

39 A manager discovers that a popular practice violates procurement rules. Which leadership response is most appropriate?

leadership Medium
A. Ignore the issue unless an audit occurs
B. Explain the requirement and guide a lawful transition
C. Protect the practice to preserve popularity
D. Punish the entire department immediately

40 A committee quickly agrees with its chair despite evidence that the preferred project has serious risks. What corrective action is most useful?

decision-making Medium
A. Treat disagreement as disloyal behavior
B. Reduce discussion to preserve unity
C. Ask the chair to make every decision
D. Invite independent views and examine alternatives

41 A department must choose between a proven but expensive program and an innovative but uncertain one. Political leaders demand immediate results, while analysts estimate that the innovative option has higher expected long-term benefits. Which decision rule best addresses the conflict?

decision-making Hard
A. Select the cheapest option to protect the current budget
B. Select the proven option because administrative risk is unacceptable
C. Use a staged decision with pilot testing and predefined review criteria
D. Select the innovative option because long-term gains dominate

42 A committee reaches consensus after members suppress concerns to preserve unity. The chosen policy later fails because a key risk was never examined. Which corrective mechanism most directly addresses this problem?

decision-making Hard
A. Allow the chair to summarize the preferred solution first
B. Reduce the number of participants in future meetings
C. Assign a formal devil's advocate during deliberation
D. Require unanimous approval before implementation

43 A public agency uses a risk score that gives equal weight to efficiency and equity. The score favors a program serving a large urban population over one serving a smaller disadvantaged community. What is the most defensible response?

decision-making Hard
A. Abandon quantitative scoring because social values cannot be measured
B. Choose the larger program because aggregate benefits are higher
C. Make equity weights explicit and assess distributional consequences
D. Choose the disadvantaged community automatically in every case

44 A newly appointed public manager inherits a team with high technical competence but low trust after repeated reorganizations. Which leadership approach is most likely to restore performance sustainably?

leadership Hard
A. Impose strict controls until compliance improves
B. Delegate all decisions to demonstrate confidence
C. Create predictable processes and involve staff in rebuilding commitments
D. Replace experienced employees with more loyal personnel

45 A leader publicly promotes innovation but privately penalizes employees whenever experiments produce setbacks. What is the most likely organizational consequence?

leadership Hard
A. Greater innovation because standards become clearer
B. Defensive behavior and concealment of unsuccessful results
C. More accurate reporting because employees avoid ambiguity
D. Higher morale because accountability is visibly enforced

46 During a crisis, a director must act quickly but lacks complete information. Which leadership behavior best balances urgency with administrative accountability?

leadership Hard
A. Delegate bounded authority while documenting assumptions and review points
B. Allow each unit to improvise without common objectives
C. Wait for complete information before authorizing action
D. Centralize every operational decision indefinitely

47 A policy memo is technically accurate, yet frontline employees implement it inconsistently. Interviews reveal that staff interpret the same terms differently across units. Which intervention is most appropriate?

communication Hard
A. Reduce the memo to a single general principle
B. Issue the same memo again with stronger language
C. Add shared definitions, examples, and feedback channels
D. Allow each unit to define the terms according to local needs

48 An agency's dashboard reports excellent service averages, but complaints from remote communities are increasing. Which communication problem does this most clearly illustrate?

communication Hard
A. Upward communication that bypasses supervisors
B. Information overload caused by too many indicators
C. Aggregation that conceals unequal experiences
D. Excessive horizontal communication

49 A senior official asks for honest assessments, but employees communicate only favorable information. Which organizational design change would most directly improve upward communication?

communication Hard
A. Increase the frequency of ceremonial staff meetings
B. Publish only positive findings to protect institutional confidence
C. Require all reports to pass through the immediate supervisor
D. Create protected channels and reward accurate adverse reporting

50 Three agencies serve the same clients but use incompatible eligibility databases. Each agency meets its own targets, while citizens repeatedly submit the same documents. Which coordination strategy is strongest?

coordination Hard
A. Merge the agencies immediately without redesigning processes
B. Create a shared protocol with data safeguards and joint ownership
C. Ask citizens to coordinate the agencies themselves
D. Let each agency retain its system to preserve autonomy

51 A central ministry imposes uniform procedures on regional offices, reducing duplication but delaying responses to local emergencies. Which arrangement best resolves the tension?

coordination Hard
A. Centralize all emergency decisions at headquarters
B. Remove all performance requirements from regional offices
C. Standardize core safeguards while delegating context-sensitive decisions
D. Permit unrestricted local variation in every procedure

52 A cross-department task force has representatives from every relevant unit but makes little progress because no member controls resources or deadlines. What is the central coordination failure?

coordination Hard
A. Insufficient representation of specialized interests
B. Lack of authority, shared deliverables, and accountability
C. Overuse of informal communication among participants
D. Excessive reliance on formal organizational hierarchy

53 A performance bonus is introduced for processing more cases. Output rises, but accuracy falls and complex cases are avoided. Which redesign is most appropriate?

motivation Hard
A. Remove all performance information from supervision
B. Increase the bonus for every additional case processed
C. Use balanced measures combining volume, quality, and case complexity
D. Reward only employees who process the fastest cases

54 Employees value meaningful public service, but a new monitoring system treats them as untrusted and gives no discretion. Productivity initially rises, then initiative declines. Which explanation is most plausible?

motivation Hard
A. Monitoring necessarily increases creativity over time
B. Meaningful work is unrelated to motivation in public agencies
C. External controls may have crowded out intrinsic motivation
D. Employees always prefer discretion to clear standards

55 A manager offers identical rewards to all employees despite substantial differences in contribution. High performers become disengaged, while low performers remain unchanged. Which motivational principle is most relevant?

motivation Hard
A. Employees are motivated only by financial incentives
B. Equity perceptions influence effort and commitment
C. Recognition is ineffective unless it is private
D. Uniform rewards always maximize organizational solidarity

56 After a budget cut, leaders emphasize resilience but provide no explanation of criteria or timeline. Morale deteriorates even among employees whose positions are secure. What is the best interpretation?

morale Hard
A. Morale depends only on whether employees lose income
B. Resilience messages reliably compensate for poor consultation
C. Morale declines only when formal workload increases
D. Uncertainty and perceived procedural unfairness can damage morale

57 A unit reports high satisfaction in a survey, yet absenteeism and turnover are rising. Which action would best test whether the survey is masking declining morale?

morale Hard
A. Discard the survey because behavioral data are always superior
B. Increase public celebrations to improve reported satisfaction
C. Use only the satisfaction score for future decisions
D. Compare survey results with behavioral and qualitative indicators

58 A technically strong manager achieves targets by humiliating employees, causing information sharing and retention to decline. Which evaluation best captures the leadership failure?

leadership Hard
A. Short-term task performance is being achieved at the expense of organizational capacity
B. The manager is effective because target achievement is sufficient
C. Employee turnover proves that the team lacks professional commitment
D. The manager is ineffective because authority should never be exercised

59 A committee must decide whether to continue a program after receiving mixed evidence. Supporters cite benefits among participants, while critics cite unchanged population-level outcomes. What is the best next step?

decision-making Hard
A. Terminate automatically because population outcomes did not change
B. Examine implementation reach, causal evidence, and outcome distribution
C. Continue automatically because participant outcomes improved
D. Average the two conclusions and declare the evidence neutral

60 During a public emergency, officials release frequent updates that contain changing estimates without explaining the reasons for revision. Public trust declines. Which communication principle was neglected?

communication Hard
A. Speed is irrelevant when information is incomplete
B. Credibility depends on communicating only final conclusions
C. Transparency requires explaining uncertainty and updated evidence
D. Consistency requires avoiding all numerical estimates