Unit 3: Organization - Basic Concepts & Principles - Practice Quiz

PBA115 — Introduction To Public Administration 60 Questions
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1 What is an organization?

Meaning, basis and forms Easy
A. A list of government rules
B. A group of people working toward common goals
C. A collection of unrelated activities
D. A single person's private task

2 Which of the following is a basic basis of organization?

Meaning, basis and forms Easy
A. Common objectives
B. Individual isolation
C. Personal hobbies
D. Random decisions

3 Which form of organization is based on official rules and procedures?

Meaning, basis and forms Easy
A. Informal organization
B. Formal organization
C. Social gathering
D. Personal network

4 What does division of work mean?

Division of work Easy
A. Avoiding cooperation among workers
B. Giving every worker the same task
C. Removing all job positions
D. Sharing tasks among workers

5 What is a main advantage of division of work?

Division of work Easy
A. Less responsibility
B. Greater specialization
C. Fewer skills
D. More confusion

6 What does hierarchy refer to in an organization?

Hierarchy Easy
A. A list of office supplies
B. A ranking of positions
C. A group of equal tasks
D. A system without leaders

7 In a hierarchy, who usually has greater formal authority?

Hierarchy Easy
A. A newly appointed trainee
B. A temporary visitor
C. A higher-level official
D. A lower-level assistant

8 What is the chain of command?

Hierarchy Easy
A. A line of authority from top to bottom
B. A record of employee attendance
C. A method of sharing office space
D. A schedule of public holidays

9 What is the principle of unity of command?

Unity of command Easy
A. One employee reports to one immediate superior
B. One employee has several unrelated jobs
C. All employees report directly to the public
D. No employee receives instructions

10 What problem can unity of command help prevent?

Unity of command Easy
A. Proper supervision
B. Organized reporting
C. Conflicting instructions
D. Clear responsibility

11 What is span of control?

Span of control Easy
A. The length of an employee's service
B. The number of buildings owned by an agency
C. The number of subordinates supervised by a manager
D. The amount of money in an office

12 A manager with many direct subordinates has what type of span of control?

Span of control Easy
A. A closed span
B. A wide span
C. A broken span
D. A narrow span

13 What is authority in an organization?

Authority, power and responsibility Easy
A. The habit of ignoring rules
B. The right to give orders
C. The ability to leave an office
D. The desire to avoid work

14 What does power generally mean?

Authority, power and responsibility Easy
A. The duty to follow schedules
B. The absence of decision-making
C. The ability to influence others
D. The process of writing reports

15 What is responsibility?

Authority, power and responsibility Easy
A. The power to cancel all rules
B. The right to ignore instructions
C. The freedom to avoid objectives
D. The duty to perform assigned tasks

16 What is centralization?

Centralization and decentralization Easy
A. Concentration of decision-making at the top
B. Transfer of every task to local offices
C. Removal of all managerial positions
D. Distribution of decisions among all citizens

17 What is decentralization?

Centralization and decentralization Easy
A. Distribution of authority to lower levels
B. Elimination of organizational authority
C. Concentration of authority in one office
D. Restriction of decisions to senior officials

18 Which system usually allows local officials more decision-making freedom?

Centralization and decentralization Easy
A. Strict supervision
B. Decentralization
C. Complete uniformity
D. Centralization

19 What is delegation?

Delegation Easy
A. Removing every duty from an organization
B. Keeping all decisions with one employee
C. Refusing to share organizational work
D. Assigning authority and tasks to a subordinate

20 What should a manager provide when delegating a task?

Delegation Easy
A. Sufficient authority
B. No necessary resources
C. Unrelated duties
D. Unclear instructions

21 A public health department groups its activities into planning, vaccination, disease surveillance, and health education units. Which organizational principle is most directly illustrated?

Meaning, basis and forms Medium
A. Grouping decisions by political influence
B. Grouping services by personal preference
C. Grouping activities by function
D. Grouping employees by seniority

22 A government agency creates regional offices because service needs differ significantly across districts. Which basis of organization is being used?

Meaning, basis and forms Medium
A. Customer-ranking basis
B. Personal-authority basis
C. Geographical basis
D. Functional basis

23 In a licensing office, one group verifies documents while another conducts field inspections. What is the main advantage of this arrangement?

Division of work Medium
A. Elimination of formal procedures
B. Removal of all supervision
C. Complete staff independence
D. Greater specialization

24 A municipal office divides a complex housing program among assessment, finance, construction, and monitoring teams. If coordination is not improved, what problem is most likely?

Division of work Medium
A. Automatic decision centralization
B. Task duplication and gaps
C. Reduction in employee expertise
D. Elimination of departmental goals

25 A junior officer must submit a proposal to a section head, who forwards it to a director before final approval. Which concept does this process demonstrate?

Hierarchy Medium
A. Scalar hierarchy
B. Unity of purpose
C. Functional autonomy
D. Informal coordination

26 Which situation best reflects an effective hierarchy in a public organization?

Hierarchy Medium
A. Reporting relationships are clear
B. Instructions bypass responsible managers
C. All employees approve policies
D. Units operate without supervision

27 An officer receives conflicting deadlines from two supervisors for the same assignment. Which principle has most clearly been violated?

Unity of command Medium
A. Decentralization
B. Unity of command
C. Division of work
D. Span of control

28 A project team reports administratively to a department head but receives technical guidance from a specialist adviser. Why might this arrangement still preserve unity of command?

Unity of command Medium
A. All instructions are treated as equally binding
B. The adviser controls every personnel decision
C. The team has no assigned reporting relationship
D. The department head remains the formal supervisor

29 A manager supervises 18 employees performing varied and complex tasks. Several decisions are delayed because the manager cannot review them promptly. What is the most likely issue?

Span of control Medium
A. Authority has been fully decentralized
B. The hierarchy is too short
C. Division of work is completely absent
D. The span of control is too wide

30 Which factor would most likely allow a manager to supervise a larger number of employees effectively?

Span of control Medium
A. Limited communication channels
B. Frequent changes in responsibilities
C. Highly unpredictable assignments
D. Standardized routine procedures

31 A director is formally authorized to approve procurement contracts within a prescribed limit. This formal right represents which concept?

Authority, power and responsibility Medium
A. Personal charisma
B. Authority
C. Responsibility
D. Influence

32 An experienced officer persuades colleagues to adopt a new procedure even though she holds no formal supervisory post. This demonstrates:

Authority, power and responsibility Medium
A. Legal accountability
B. Assigned responsibility
C. Informal power
D. Delegated authority

33 A manager assigns an officer responsibility for preparing a budget but gives no access to relevant financial records. Which organizational problem results?

Authority, power and responsibility Medium
A. Appropriate centralization
B. Excessive unity of command
C. Responsibility without adequate authority
D. Authority without any responsibility

34 A national ministry requires every regional office to obtain headquarters approval before adapting services to local conditions. This reflects:

Centralization and decentralization Medium
A. Decentralization
B. Complete functional autonomy
C. Centralization
D. Delegation without control

35 A department allows district offices to modify service schedules according to local demand while retaining national standards. What is the main benefit?

Centralization and decentralization Medium
A. Elimination of managerial accountability
B. Uniformity in every local decision
C. Removal of national coordination
D. Greater local responsiveness

36 During a national emergency, a government temporarily concentrates purchasing decisions in one central committee. Why might this be appropriate?

Centralization and decentralization Medium
A. It guarantees that local knowledge is superior
B. It removes the need for administrative rules
C. It can coordinate scarce resources quickly
D. It ensures every unit makes separate decisions

37 A department head authorizes a deputy to approve routine leave requests but continues to monitor overall personnel administration. Which process is illustrated?

Delegation Medium
A. Abolition of authority
B. Abdication
C. Delegation
D. Complete decentralization

38 A manager delegates the authority to inspect project sites but does not specify reporting requirements. What is the most likely consequence?

Delegation Medium
A. Weak monitoring and unclear accountability
B. Permanent transfer of final accountability
C. Automatic improvement in coordination
D. Elimination of the manager's authority

39 Which action would make delegation of a public procurement task most effective?

Delegation Medium
A. Define limits, resources, and reporting
B. Transfer the task without instructions
C. Assign responsibility without decision rights
D. Retain every approval with the manager

40 A small agency uses a direct line from its director to all employees, with few specialized units. Which form of organization is this most likely to be?

Meaning, basis and forms Medium
A. Functional organization
B. Matrix organization
C. Line organization
D. Committee organization

41 A government agency is reorganized so that policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation are assigned to separate semi-autonomous units, while coordination is maintained through performance contracts. Which organizational principle is most directly illustrated?

Meaning, basis and forms Hard
A. Unity of command through direct personal supervision
B. Complete decentralization without structural integration
C. Functional differentiation with coordinated specialization
D. Informal organization replacing formal authority

42 Which situation best demonstrates that an organization is a dynamic system rather than merely a formal chart of positions?

Meaning, basis and forms Hard
A. Positions are classified according to legal rules
B. Employees follow a fixed reporting diagram
C. Managers issue written instructions to subordinates
D. Departments exchange resources and adapt to environmental demands

43 A public hospital assigns diagnosis, treatment, records management, and procurement to separate specialists. Delays arise because no unit owns the complete patient outcome. Which corrective design is most appropriate?

Division of work Hard
A. Create cross-functional teams around patient outcomes
B. Remove all formal divisions among hospital staff
C. Increase specialization in every department
D. Transfer every decision to the hospital director

44 A tax authority divides work by taxpayer category, geographic region, and technical function. Conflicts occur because one taxpayer is simultaneously assigned to multiple units. What is the central design problem?

Division of work Hard
A. Overlapping bases of departmentalization
B. Unavoidable effects of specialization
C. Insufficient formalization of procedures
D. Excessive unity of command

45 A ministry introduces additional managerial layers to improve supervision, but decisions become slower and information is distorted before reaching the top. Which trade-off is most evident?

Hierarchy Hard
A. Hierarchy reduces specialization while increasing flexibility
B. Hierarchy eliminates authority while increasing participation
C. Hierarchy clarifies status while increasing communication costs
D. Hierarchy improves speed while reducing control

46 A lower-level official is held accountable for a program result, yet every significant operational decision requires approval from senior officials. Which hierarchical defect is present?

Hierarchy Hard
A. Authority exceeds assigned responsibility
B. Span of control exceeds specialization
C. Unity of command exceeds departmentalization
D. Responsibility exceeds granted authority

47 In a project team, a technical director controls standards while a project manager controls schedules and assignments. Which arrangement best preserves unity of command?

Unity of command Hard
A. Team members choose which manager to obey
B. The technical director replaces the project manager
C. Both managers issue unrestricted operational orders
D. The project manager remains the sole operational superior

48 A disaster-response officer receives conflicting evacuation instructions from the police chief and the emergency-management coordinator. What is the most appropriate organizational remedy?

Unity of command Hard
A. Allow the officer to reconcile orders informally
B. Require the officer to obey the more senior individual
C. Define precedence and jurisdiction before operations begin
D. Suspend all instructions until consensus is reached

49 A supervisor oversees ten experienced analysts performing standardized work, while another supervises four inexperienced officers handling uncertain cases. Why may the first supervisor have the wider span?

Span of control Hard
A. Large spans always improve administrative efficiency
B. Experienced staff eliminate managerial responsibility
C. Uncertain work prevents any form of delegation
D. Routine work requires less direct supervision

50 A department expands its span of control after adopting reliable digital dashboards and standardized procedures. Which risk remains most significant?

Span of control Hard
A. Automatic loss of formal authority
B. Elimination of horizontal coordination
C. Overload when exceptions require intensive judgment
D. Reduced need for organizational objectives

51 A department head persuades agencies to adopt a policy because of expertise and professional credibility, despite lacking formal command over them. This is primarily an exercise of:

Authority, power and responsibility Hard
A. Expert power
B. Coercive authority
C. Position authority
D. Delegated responsibility

52 A manager is authorized to approve grants but cannot obtain the budget, staff, or information needed to assess applications. Which principle has been violated?

Authority, power and responsibility Hard
A. Authority should be separated from accountability
B. Power should always remain informal
C. Responsibility should be matched with resources
D. Delegation requires elimination of supervision

53 A senior official formally approves a procurement decision, but a politically influential adviser determines which alternatives are considered. What distinction best explains the situation?

Authority, power and responsibility Hard
A. Formal authority and informal power differ
B. Authority exists only outside legal structures
C. Delegation and decentralization are identical
D. Responsibility and hierarchy are identical

54 A central ministry retains policy standards but allows regional offices to adapt implementation methods to local conditions. Which arrangement is best described as:

Centralization and decentralization Hard
A. Pure centralization
B. Administrative disintegration
C. Controlled decentralization
D. Pure decentralization

55 Decentralization is introduced in a local-government program, but regional offices lack trained staff and reliable financial systems. What is the most likely result?

Centralization and decentralization Hard
A. Uniform implementation becomes easier across regions
B. Responsibility shifts without effective decision capacity
C. Greater autonomy automatically improves outcomes
D. Central control disappears without transitional costs

56 During a national epidemic, procurement standards are centralized, while local health offices decide outreach methods. Why is this hybrid arrangement defensible?

Centralization and decentralization Hard
A. It eliminates the need for intergovernmental coordination
B. It transfers all accountability to local officials
C. It ensures every locality uses identical procedures
D. It combines economies of scale with local responsiveness

57 A director assigns an officer authority to approve routine purchases within a limit but remains answerable for the unit's performance. Which statement is correct?

Delegation Hard
A. Delegation removes the director's supervisory duty
B. Delegation occurs only when all decisions are transferred
C. Delegation transfers authority but not ultimate accountability
D. Delegation transfers final accountability permanently

58 A manager delegates a task but gives no performance standard, deadline, or reporting requirement. What is the most important weakness?

Delegation Hard
A. The subordinate has acquired permanent authority
B. The manager has created complete decentralization
C. The delegation lacks clarity and control mechanisms
D. The task has become part of informal organization

59 A supervisor delegates approval authority to a subordinate but requires approval of every individual decision. What is the most accurate assessment?

Delegation Hard
A. It is decentralization through functional specialization
B. It is nominal delegation that preserves central control
C. It is abdication of supervisory responsibility
D. It is meaningful delegation with broad discretion

60 A delegated authority is used to approve an action outside the stated monetary limit, although the action produces the intended policy outcome. Which conclusion is most accurate?

Delegation Hard
A. The outcome automatically validates the decision
B. The subordinate's expertise expands the formal mandate
C. The decision exceeds delegated authority despite its outcome
D. Delegation removes all limits once performance improves