Unit 2: Growth and Trends in Public Administration - Practice Quiz

PBA115 — Introduction To Public Administration 60 Questions
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1 What was a central concern of New Public Administration?

New public administration Easy
A. Administrative secrecy
B. Profit maximization
C. Social equity
D. Military expansion

2 New Public Administration developed mainly as a response to the limitations of which traditional focus?

New public administration Easy
A. Public budgeting
B. Administrative neutrality
C. International law
D. Local government

3 Which value is strongly associated with New Public Administration?

New public administration Easy
A. Political isolation
B. Commercial secrecy
C. Absolute hierarchy
D. Social justice

4 Where was the first Minnowbrook Conference held?

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Easy
A. Princeton University
B. Syracuse University
C. Columbia University
D. Harvard University

5 The first Minnowbrook Conference is most closely associated with the development of which approach?

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Easy
A. New Public Administration
B. Systems engineering
C. Classical economics
D. Scientific management

6 Which issue was emphasized at the first Minnowbrook Conference?

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Easy
A. Industrial ownership
B. Foreign trade
C. Social equity
D. Currency control

7 The Minnowbrook II Conference took place approximately when?

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Easy
A. In 2008
B. In 1968
C. In 1988
D. In 1948

8 The Minnowbrook III Conference was held approximately when?

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Easy
A. In 2008
B. In 1978
C. In 1988
D. In 2028

9 Public choice theory applies economic reasoning mainly to the study of what?

Public choice theory Easy
A. Political decision-making
B. Historical languages
C. Weather patterns
D. Physical geography

10 According to public choice theory, public officials are generally assumed to be motivated partly by what?

Public choice theory Easy
A. Scientific curiosity
B. Complete selflessness
C. Cultural tradition
D. Self-interest

11 Which idea is commonly linked with public choice theory?

Public choice theory Easy
A. Government should avoid all evaluation
B. Officials never respond to incentives
C. Competition can improve services
D. Public agencies should have unlimited budgets

12 Public choice theory views government decisions as being influenced by which factor?

Public choice theory Easy
A. Ancient customs only
B. Random events alone
C. Natural disasters only
D. Individual incentives

13 What is a main feature of New Public Management?

New public management Easy
A. Expansion of administrative secrecy
B. Complete rejection of targets
C. Performance measurement
D. Removal of all managers

14 New Public Management seeks to make public organizations more similar to which type of organization?

New public management Easy
A. Religious groups
B. Private businesses
C. Military units
D. Family households

15 Which term is commonly associated with New Public Management?

New public management Easy
A. Feudalism
B. Censorship
C. Efficiency
D. Isolation

16 Which practice may be used under New Public Management?

New public management Easy
A. Removing all forms of accountability
B. Banning organizational targets
C. Ending all service evaluation
D. Contracting out

17 What is the central idea of New Public Service?

New public service Easy
A. Maximize agency size
B. Replace government with markets
C. Control citizens
D. Serve citizens

18 New Public Service views citizens primarily as what?

New public service Easy
A. Citizens
B. Customers
C. Shareholders
D. Employees

19 Which value is emphasized by New Public Service?

New public service Easy
A. Democratic participation
B. Administrative secrecy
C. Centralized ownership
D. Profit competition

20 According to New Public Service, public administrators should primarily do what?

New public service Easy
A. Treat citizens only as consumers in a marketplace
B. Transfer every government responsibility to private companies
C. Help citizens pursue shared interests
D. Reduce all public decisions to financial calculations

21 A city administration introduces a housing program that gives priority to low-income neighborhoods, even though a uniform distribution would be easier to manage. Which New Public Administration principle is most directly reflected?

New public administration Medium
A. Budgetary centralization
B. Administrative neutrality
C. Social equity
D. Organizational hierarchy

22 A public agency evaluates success not only by meeting performance targets but also by examining whether its programs reduce inequality. This approach reflects the concern of New Public Administration with:

New public administration Medium
A. Administrative secrecy
B. Political neutrality
C. Social equity
D. Technical efficiency

23 Which administrative decision best illustrates the activist role associated with New Public Administration?

New public administration Medium
A. Following precedent without review
B. Avoiding controversial outcomes
C. Maintaining existing procedures
D. Responding to marginalized communities

24 The first Minnowbrook Conference is most closely associated with which shift in public administration?

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Medium
A. From neutrality to relevance
B. From citizens to consumers
C. From hierarchy to privatization
D. From markets to central planning

25 A scholar argues that public administration should address poverty, discrimination, and social unrest rather than focus only on organizational efficiency. This argument most clearly reflects Minnowbrook I's emphasis on:

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Medium
A. Administrative relevance
B. Consumer sovereignty
C. Market competition
D. Contract management

26 Minnowbrook II, held in a changing political and administrative environment, placed stronger emphasis on which issue?

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Medium
A. Public administration's future challenges
B. The exclusive use of traditional bureaucracy
C. The complete removal of government
D. The rejection of democratic participation

27 A public administration program combines digital governance, collaborative networks, and democratic accountability to address complex social problems. This orientation is most consistent with the concerns of:

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Medium
A. Classical scientific management
B. Minnowbrook I only
C. Minnowbrook III
D. Minnowbrook II only

28 Which sequence best represents the broad development of the Minnowbrook perspective?

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Medium
A. Relevance, changing challenges, and collaborative governance
B. Efficiency, privatization, and deregulation
C. Hierarchy, secrecy, and administrative isolation
D. Centralization, standardization, and political withdrawal

29 According to public choice theory, why might a government agency seek a larger budget than it strictly needs?

Public choice theory Medium
A. Markets automatically increase agency budgets
B. Bureaucracies never respond to incentives
C. Citizens always prefer higher taxes
D. Officials may pursue organizational self-interest

30 A local government allows several firms to compete for waste collection services. From a public choice perspective, the main expected benefit is:

Public choice theory Medium
A. Greater administrative secrecy
B. Expansion of monopolistic control
C. Elimination of citizen choice
D. Reduced bureaucratic discretion

31 A voter supports a costly public project because the personal benefit is visible, while the cost is spread across many taxpayers. This situation illustrates:

Public choice theory Medium
A. Social equity
B. Concentrated costs
C. Rational ignorance
D. Administrative neutrality

32 Which policy arrangement would a public choice theorist most likely support to reduce the risk of bureaucratic monopoly?

Public choice theory Medium
A. Permanent agency expansion
B. Exclusive official discretion
C. Provider competition
D. Uniform central control

33 A ministry gives managers flexibility over staffing but evaluates them using measurable service outcomes. Which New Public Management feature is illustrated?

New public management Medium
A. Complete political insulation
B. Performance-based management
C. Elimination of managerial responsibility
D. Strict procedural control

34 A government contracts a private company to operate a public bus route and monitors service standards through a formal contract. This is an example of:

New public management Medium
A. Participatory budgeting
B. Administrative neutrality
C. Contracting out
D. Bureaucratic expansion

35 Why might an NPM reform introduce benchmarking among public hospitals?

New public management Medium
A. To remove all performance measures
B. To guarantee identical operating methods
C. To compare performance across providers
D. To prevent managerial decision-making

36 A government agency meets its target for processing applications quickly, but many applications are rejected inaccurately. What NPM limitation does this example reveal?

New public management Medium
A. Managers cannot use performance data
B. Citizens never value faster services
C. Targets may encourage distorted behavior
D. Markets always reduce accountability

37 A city organizes neighborhood forums so residents help define the goals of a public safety program. This approach best reflects the New Public Service principle of:

New public service Medium
A. Treating residents as customers only
B. Serving citizens through dialogue
C. Maximizing agency market share
D. Centralizing all policy decisions

38 Which action best distinguishes New Public Service from New Public Management?

New public service Medium
A. Engaging citizens in defining public values
B. Giving managers operational flexibility
C. Measuring outputs with indicators
D. Using contracts to purchase services

39 A public manager refuses to treat residents merely as consumers because public decisions involve collective responsibilities and rights. This position is consistent with:

New public service Medium
A. New Public Service
B. Public choice theory
C. Scientific management
D. Classical bureaucracy

40 During a disaster, a government agency works with nonprofit groups, businesses, and residents to coordinate relief while maintaining accountability to the public. This best demonstrates:

New public service Medium
A. Administrative isolation
B. Privatization without oversight
C. Collaborative governance
D. Pure bureaucratic control

41 A public agency adopts a technically efficient allocation model that improves average service delivery but systematically excludes politically weak neighborhoods. Which New Public Administration critique is most directly applicable?

New public administration Hard
A. The model treats efficiency as separable from social equity
B. The model gives insufficient weight to administrative hierarchy
C. The model replaces professional judgment with electoral control
D. The model relies excessively on citizen co-production

42 Which administrative decision best reflects the New Public Administration principle of 'relevance' rather than merely improved internal efficiency?

New public administration Hard
A. Redirecting services toward an underserved population
B. Reducing permit-processing time through workflow automation
C. Standardizing employee evaluations across all departments
D. Increasing managerial discretion over procurement schedules

43 An administrator argues that neutrality requires applying an identical eligibility rule even when historical barriers make access unequal. Which response is most consistent with New Public Administration?

New public administration Hard
A. Uniform procedures are sufficient evidence of fairness
B. Administrative ethics should be limited to legal compliance
C. Equity may require differentiated treatment of unequal conditions
D. Neutrality requires avoiding all distributive judgments

44 Which sequence most accurately captures the broad intellectual movement across the three Minnowbrook conferences?

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Hard
A. Quantitative management, legalism, and bureaucratic insulation
B. Classical administration, privatization, and constitutional reform
C. Social relevance, governance complexity, and democratic engagement
D. Fiscal austerity, hierarchy, and administrative centralization

45 A scholar claims that Minnowbrook II simply repeated Minnowbrook I without addressing new institutional conditions. Which assessment is most defensible?

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Hard
A. Correct, because Minnowbrook II focused only on budgeting
B. Incorrect, because it abandoned normative concerns for market competition
C. Correct, because all conferences rejected empirical analysis
D. Incorrect, because it reconsidered administration amid globalization and institutional change

46 Which research design best embodies the orientation associated with Minnowbrook III?

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Hard
A. A cost-minimization study using only agency-generated indicators
B. A comparative ranking based exclusively on managerial productivity
C. A randomized trial that excludes affected communities from interpretation
D. A participatory inquiry linking administrative evidence with citizen knowledge

47 Which statement most accurately distinguishes Minnowbrook III from a narrow New Public Management reform agenda?

Minnowbrook Conferences I, II and III Hard
A. It treats citizens mainly as consumers of services
B. It defines accountability primarily through contractual outputs
C. It prioritizes competition over democratic legitimacy
D. It links administrative performance to citizenship and public values

48 A public bureau receives a fixed budget and expands its program even after marginal social benefits fall below marginal costs. Which public choice explanation is most applicable?

Public choice theory Hard
A. Political competition automatically eliminates agency expansion
B. Public agencies face the same residual-claimant incentives as firms
C. Bureaucrats may maximize organizational budgets or discretionary benefits
D. Citizens always possess complete information about public costs

49 A concentrated industry gains a subsidy financed by a small tax imposed on millions of citizens. Public choice theory predicts that the subsidy is politically durable primarily because:

Public choice theory Hard
A. The beneficiaries receive concentrated gains and organize more easily
B. The dispersed taxpayers have stronger incentives to organize
C. The policy automatically maximizes aggregate economic welfare
D. Administrative neutrality prevents organized interests from influencing policy

50 A proposed institutional reform gives residents multiple service providers, portable funding, and easy exit from underperforming agencies. Which public choice mechanism is the reform mainly designed to activate?

Public choice theory Hard
A. Discretion through insulation from consumer preferences
B. Voice through centralized legislative oversight
C. Exit through competition among providers
D. Hierarchy through unified administrative command

51 Which criticism most directly limits the use of public choice theory as a complete account of public administration?

Public choice theory Hard
A. It can understate public service motivation and collective norms
B. It denies that individuals respond to material incentives
C. It treats markets as irrelevant to institutional performance
D. It assumes that administrative institutions have no incentive effects

52 An agency meets all contractually specified output targets while service quality declines because providers avoid complex cases. Which NPM weakness does this illustrate?

New public management Hard
A. Market mechanisms eliminate the need for contract monitoring
B. Managerial autonomy prevents any measurable performance improvement
C. Citizen choice always favors the most equitable provider
D. Output contracts can generate gaming and goal displacement

53 A government separates policy design from service delivery, introduces purchaser-provider contracts, and grants managers operational discretion. Which combination best identifies the reform logic?

New public management Hard
A. Bureaucratic centralization and procedural uniformity
B. Representative bureaucracy and participatory governance
C. Market-style coordination and managerial accountability
D. Constitutional adjudication and judicial administration

54 Which evaluation would provide the strongest evidence that an NPM reform improved public value rather than merely reducing visible costs?

New public management Hard
A. Improved managerial discretion measured through executive surveys
B. Lower unit costs alongside equitable and sustained outcomes
C. A fall in staff numbers without service-quality data
D. Higher output counts despite increased exclusion of difficult users

55 A public hospital is converted into an autonomous agency, but the ministry retains approval over staffing, procurement, and daily operations. Which conclusion is most justified?

New public management Hard
A. Full marketization has occurred because the agency has a new label
B. Formal corporatization has occurred without substantial managerial autonomy
C. Democratic governance has replaced bureaucratic control
D. Performance contracting is unnecessary under organizational autonomy

56 Residents disagree about a redevelopment project, and officials facilitate deliberation rather than selecting the option with the highest aggregate willingness to pay. Which New Public Service principle is most evident?

New public service Hard
A. Steering citizens through market-like incentives
B. Serving citizens by building shared democratic purposes
C. Treating citizens as consumers maximizing individual utility
D. Delegating public decisions exclusively to technical experts

57 Which accountability arrangement best fits the New Public Service rather than a narrowly managerial model?

New public service Hard
A. Accountability based solely on quarterly output targets
B. Accountability transferred entirely to contracted service providers
C. Accountability limited to compliance with supervisor instructions
D. Accountability balancing law, ethics, democratic values, and outcomes

58 A city invites nonprofit groups, residents, businesses, and agencies to co-produce a homelessness strategy, while elected officials retain final responsibility. Why is this arrangement consistent with New Public Service?

New public service Hard
A. It defines stakeholders as competitors seeking market share
B. It treats collaboration as a substitute for representative institutions
C. It replaces public accountability with private ownership
D. It uses government to facilitate collective problem-solving

59 Which policy choice most clearly distinguishes New Public Service from both Public Choice Theory and New Public Management?

New public service Hard
A. Reducing administrative costs through contractual outsourcing
B. Linking rewards to narrowly defined agency outputs
C. Expanding consumer choice among competing providers
D. Inviting citizens to deliberate about shared community priorities

60 A digital consultation receives thousands of responses, but participation is dominated by affluent groups and officials treat the results as the public interest. What New Public Service correction is most appropriate?

New public service Hard
A. Treat the largest response category as democratically decisive
B. Replace deliberation with an automated popularity ranking
C. Restrict participation to technically certified stakeholders
D. Broaden inclusion and facilitate deliberation across affected groups