1Who is generally responsible for directing the executive branch of government?
chief executive
Easy
A.The legislative speaker
B.The chief executive
C.The chief justice
D.The department secretary
Correct Answer: The chief executive
Explanation:
The chief executive directs the executive branch and ensures that laws are carried out.
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2Which of the following is a common function of a chief executive?
chief executive
Easy
A.Interpreting court decisions
B.Conducting private business
C.Electing local officials
D.Implementing public policies
Correct Answer: Implementing public policies
Explanation:
A chief executive helps implement laws and public policies through the executive branch.
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3The chief executive is usually assisted by which group in making administrative decisions?
chief executive
Easy
A.Advisers and ministers
B.Voters and candidates
C.Private owners and traders
D.Judges and jurors
Correct Answer: Advisers and ministers
Explanation:
Advisers and ministers provide information and guidance to the chief executive.
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4What is the main role of a line agency?
line and staff agencies
Easy
A.Providing direct services
B.Offering legal opinions
C.Preparing election results
D.Reviewing court cases
Correct Answer: Providing direct services
Explanation:
Line agencies perform the primary functions and deliver services directly to the public.
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5What is the main function of a staff agency?
line and staff agencies
Easy
A.Collecting private profits
B.Representing foreign governments
C.Passing criminal judgments
D.Supporting decision makers
Correct Answer: Supporting decision makers
Explanation:
Staff agencies provide advice, research, planning, and other support to administrators.
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6Which agency usually has direct authority to carry out an organization's main programs?
line and staff agencies
Easy
A.A review board
B.A line agency
C.A staff agency
D.A private agency
Correct Answer: A line agency
Explanation:
Line agencies have direct responsibility for carrying out the main activities of an organization.
Incorrect! Try again.
7Which activity is most closely associated with a staff agency?
line and staff agencies
Easy
A.Delivering public utilities
B.Issuing identity cards
C.Giving policy advice
D.Enforcing traffic laws
Correct Answer: Giving policy advice
Explanation:
Staff agencies commonly assist administrators by offering expert advice and analysis.
Incorrect! Try again.
8What is a department in public administration?
department
Easy
A.A judicial courtroom
B.A private volunteer group
C.A temporary political rally
D.A major administrative unit
Correct Answer: A major administrative unit
Explanation:
A department is a large organizational unit responsible for a broad area of government work.
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9A department is usually created to manage which type of work?
department
Easy
A.A broad government function
B.A single family business
C.A private club activity
D.A personal household task
Correct Answer: A broad government function
Explanation:
Departments organize and manage broad functions such as health, education, or finance.
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10Who commonly heads a government department?
department
Easy
A.A private shareholder
B.A minister or secretary
C.A courtroom witness
D.A local voter
Correct Answer: A minister or secretary
Explanation:
Government departments are commonly headed by a minister, secretary, or similar official.
Incorrect! Try again.
11Departments are normally part of which larger system?
department
Easy
A.The government structure
B.The private banking system
C.The family organization
D.The sports association
Correct Answer: The government structure
Explanation:
Departments are formal parts of the government administrative structure.
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12What is a public corporation?
public corporation
Easy
A.A privately owned household
B.A temporary election committee
C.A government-owned enterprise
D.A nonprofit sports team
Correct Answer: A government-owned enterprise
Explanation:
A public corporation is owned or controlled by the government and provides goods or services.
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13Which feature commonly distinguishes a public corporation from a government department?
public corporation
Easy
A.Complete private ownership
B.Exclusive judicial authority
C.No public responsibility
D.Greater operating autonomy
Correct Answer: Greater operating autonomy
Explanation:
Public corporations often have more managerial and financial independence than regular departments.
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14Which service may be provided by a public corporation?
public corporation
Easy
A.Public transportation
B.Personal home decoration
C.Family vacation booking
D.Private wedding planning
Correct Answer: Public transportation
Explanation:
Public corporations may operate services such as transportation, electricity, or water supply.
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15The main purpose of a public corporation is generally to serve what interest?
public corporation
Easy
A.A single employee
B.The public interest
C.A foreign competitor
D.A private family
Correct Answer: The public interest
Explanation:
Public corporations are established primarily to provide services and promote the public interest.
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16What is the main purpose of an independent regulatory commission?
independent regulatory commission
Easy
A.Operating family businesses
B.Regulating specific industries
C.Organizing political campaigns
D.Managing private households
Correct Answer: Regulating specific industries
Explanation:
Independent regulatory commissions oversee and regulate particular industries or activities.
Incorrect! Try again.
17Why are regulatory commissions called independent?
independent regulatory commission
Easy
A.They have no legal powers
B.They belong to private companies
C.They have limited political control
D.They operate without public duties
Correct Answer: They have limited political control
Explanation:
Their structure is designed to allow decisions with some distance from direct political pressure.
Incorrect! Try again.
18Which power may be given to an independent regulatory commission?
independent regulatory commission
Easy
A.Approving personal vacations
B.Choosing family names
C.Setting industry standards
D.Conducting private sales
Correct Answer: Setting industry standards
Explanation:
Regulatory commissions may establish rules and standards for industries under their jurisdiction.
Incorrect! Try again.
19What does delegation mean in public administration?
delegation
Easy
A.Transferring government ownership
B.Assigning authority to others
C.Removing every official
D.Ending all public services
Correct Answer: Assigning authority to others
Explanation:
Delegation occurs when a superior gives a subordinate authority to perform specific duties.
Incorrect! Try again.
20Why do administrators delegate tasks?
delegation
Easy
A.To eliminate responsibility
B.To reduce public participation
C.To avoid all supervision
D.To improve efficiency
Correct Answer: To improve efficiency
Explanation:
Delegation helps distribute work and allows tasks to be completed more efficiently.
Incorrect! Try again.
21A chief executive wants to improve coordination among several departments during a national emergency. Which action is most appropriate?
chief executive
Medium
A.Create a temporary coordinating committee
B.Replace all departmental heads immediately
C.Allow each department to act independently
D.Transfer every function to one department
Correct Answer: Create a temporary coordinating committee
Explanation:
A coordinating committee can align departmental actions while preserving the normal responsibilities of each department.
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22Which situation best illustrates the chief executive performing a policy leadership role?
chief executive
Medium
A.Setting national priorities for agencies
B.Processing individual license applications
C.Signing routine attendance records
D.Auditing local office equipment
Correct Answer: Setting national priorities for agencies
Explanation:
Policy leadership involves establishing broad goals and priorities that guide administrative agencies.
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23A chief executive reviews agency performance reports before deciding whether to reorganize a ministry. This primarily demonstrates which function?
chief executive
Medium
A.Administrative supervision
B.Judicial interpretation
C.Legislative drafting
D.Ceremonial representation
Correct Answer: Administrative supervision
Explanation:
Reviewing performance and considering organizational changes are central aspects of supervising the administration.
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24A line agency directly delivers public health services, while a staff agency provides legal and planning advice. What is the main distinction?
line and staff agencies
Medium
A.Line agencies regulate, while staff agencies legislate
B.Line agencies execute, while staff agencies support
C.Line agencies coordinate, while staff agencies represent
D.Line agencies advise, while staff agencies enforce
Correct Answer: Line agencies execute, while staff agencies support
Explanation:
Line agencies carry out substantive programs, whereas staff agencies assist through advice, analysis, coordination, or specialized services.
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25A finance office prepares budget recommendations, but the education ministry decides how to implement its approved programs. The finance office is best classified as a:
line and staff agencies
Medium
A.Line agency
B.Staff agency
C.Regulatory commission
D.Public corporation
Correct Answer: Staff agency
Explanation:
The finance office supports decision-making through budget analysis rather than directly delivering the education programs.
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26Conflict arises because a staff office issues direct orders to field officers without authorization from the line department. What principle has been violated?
line and staff agencies
Medium
A.Public accountability
B.Administrative neutrality
C.Unity of command
D.Functional specialization
Correct Answer: Unity of command
Explanation:
Field officers should normally receive operational orders through their authorized line chain of command.
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27A government creates a department responsible for transportation policy, road safety, and public transit. The department is primarily organized around:
department
Medium
A.A judicial dispute
B.A temporary emergency
C.A single private contractor
D.A common policy field
Correct Answer: A common policy field
Explanation:
Departments commonly group related functions and programs within a broad area of governmental responsibility.
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28Why might a government divide a large department into specialized divisions?
department
Medium
A.To eliminate executive accountability
B.To remove the need for coordination
C.To improve functional expertise
D.To replace public authority with private authority
Correct Answer: To improve functional expertise
Explanation:
Specialized divisions allow personnel to develop expertise while managing complex responsibilities more effectively.
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29A department has overlapping units that approve the same applications, causing delays and conflicting decisions. Which reform is most suitable?
department
Medium
A.Add another approval layer
B.Clarify functions and reporting relationships
C.Give identical powers to every unit
D.Suspend all departmental services
Correct Answer: Clarify functions and reporting relationships
Explanation:
Clearly defined functions and authority reduce duplication, conflict, and unnecessary administrative delay.
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30Compared with a small bureau, a department usually has which characteristic?
department
Medium
A.Complete independence from government
B.A purely commercial purpose
C.A broader area of responsibility
D.A narrower technical mandate
Correct Answer: A broader area of responsibility
Explanation:
A department generally supervises a broad policy area and may contain several bureaus or divisions.
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31A government-owned organization sells electricity, maintains infrastructure, and uses revenue to support its operations. Which form is most appropriate?
public corporation
Medium
A.A cabinet secretariat
B.A staff agency
C.An advisory committee
D.A public corporation
Correct Answer: A public corporation
Explanation:
A public corporation combines public ownership and accountability with operational and commercial functions.
Incorrect! Try again.
32Why might a government use a public corporation instead of a regular department to operate a port?
public corporation
Medium
A.To provide greater operational flexibility
B.To avoid all public oversight
C.To ensure that no user fees are collected
D.To remove the need for service standards
Correct Answer: To provide greater operational flexibility
Explanation:
Public corporations often have more managerial and financial flexibility than departments while remaining publicly accountable.
Incorrect! Try again.
33A public corporation begins prioritizing profit while neglecting service to remote communities. Which governance issue is most evident?
public corporation
Medium
A.Lack of legislative representation
B.Conflict between commercial and social goals
C.Excessive delegation to field officers
D.Unclear distinction between line and staff work
Correct Answer: Conflict between commercial and social goals
Explanation:
Public corporations must balance financial sustainability with their obligation to serve broader public interests.
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34Which accountability arrangement is most suitable for a public corporation?
public corporation
Medium
A.Private ownership with no public review
B.Unlimited freedom without reporting duties
C.Daily legislative control of every transaction
D.Operational freedom with performance oversight
Correct Answer: Operational freedom with performance oversight
Explanation:
A public corporation needs managerial autonomy for efficiency, together with oversight to protect public objectives.
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35A commission sets electricity tariffs, investigates utility complaints, and applies industry standards. It is best described as an:
independent regulatory commission
Medium
A.Central staff office
B.Government-owned trading company
C.Ordinary service department
D.Independent regulatory commission
Correct Answer: Independent regulatory commission
Explanation:
The commission performs specialized regulatory functions involving rule-making, supervision, and enforcement.
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36Why is independence particularly valuable for a regulatory commission overseeing private telecommunications firms?
independent regulatory commission
Medium
A.It removes the need for public hearings
B.It permits the commission to ignore legislation
C.It guarantees profits for regulated firms
D.It reduces direct political and industry pressure
Correct Answer: It reduces direct political and industry pressure
Explanation:
Independence supports impartial decisions and helps prevent undue influence from political or commercial interests.
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37A commission may issue rules but must follow statutory limits and provide affected firms an opportunity to be heard. This reflects:
independent regulatory commission
Medium
A.Complete corporate autonomy
B.Rule of law and due process
C.Unrestricted administrative discretion
D.Informal personal supervision
Correct Answer: Rule of law and due process
Explanation:
Regulatory independence does not eliminate legal limits or procedural protections for affected parties.
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38A department head authorizes a regional director to approve routine grants but retains the power to review decisions. This is an example of:
delegation
Medium
A.Transfer of sovereignty
B.Delegation of authority
C.Privatization of administration
D.Abolition of responsibility
Correct Answer: Delegation of authority
Explanation:
Delegation grants another official authority to act, while the original superior generally retains ultimate responsibility and oversight.
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39Which condition is most important for effective delegation?
delegation
Medium
A.The subordinate should receive unlimited powers
B.Authority should match assigned duties
C.The superior should avoid all supervision
D.Instructions should remain entirely unwritten
Correct Answer: Authority should match assigned duties
Explanation:
A subordinate cannot perform assigned responsibilities effectively without sufficient authority to make necessary decisions.
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40A manager delegates purchasing decisions but gives no spending limit, procedures, or reporting requirements. What is the most likely result?
delegation
Medium
A.Elimination of administrative risk
B.Automatic improvement in efficiency
C.Ambiguity and control problems
D.Clearer accountability
Correct Answer: Ambiguity and control problems
Explanation:
Delegation requires clear limits, procedures, and reporting arrangements to prevent confusion and misuse of authority.
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41A chief executive formally approves a policy but allows a ministry to determine implementation standards, enforcement priorities, and reporting procedures. Which interpretation best describes this arrangement?
chief executive
Hard
A.The chief executive has combined direction with administrative discretion
B.The ministry has replaced the chief executive
C.The ministry has become an independent commission
D.The chief executive has surrendered policy authority
Correct Answer: The chief executive has combined direction with administrative discretion
Explanation:
The chief executive retains policy control while allowing subordinate administrative judgment within defined boundaries.
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42A chief executive receives conflicting recommendations from several departments and asks a central coordinating office to evaluate their fiscal and legal consistency before deciding. What function is the office primarily performing?
chief executive
Hard
A.Central staff coordination
B.Independent adjudication
C.Direct line execution
D.Judicial review
Correct Answer: Central staff coordination
Explanation:
The office assists the chief executive by analyzing and coordinating departmental advice rather than directly executing programs.
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43A chief executive issues a broad emergency directive but provides no measurable objectives, reporting requirements, or limits on subordinate action. Which administrative risk is most immediate?
Without standards or monitoring, subordinates may exercise broad discretion inconsistently or beyond the intended policy.
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44A staff agency recommends that a line agency change its procurement system, but the line agency refuses because the recommendation conflicts with operational realities. Which principle best explains the disagreement?
line and staff agencies
Hard
A.Line agencies cannot be subject to review
B.Staff agencies always possess superior expertise
Staff agencies advise, analyze, and coordinate, while line agencies ordinarily retain authority over direct operations.
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45A planning office begins issuing binding instructions to regional service offices without receiving delegated authority from the chief executive or the responsible department. What structural problem has emerged?
The staff office has moved from advisory support into operational command without a valid transfer of authority.
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46A department head wants rapid crisis action but requires legal, financial, and technical review before every operational decision. Which redesign would most likely preserve expertise without paralyzing line performance?
line and staff agencies
Hard
A.Transfer operations to staff units
B.Set review thresholds and standard clearances
C.Require the chief executive to approve each action
D.Abolish all staff review
Correct Answer: Set review thresholds and standard clearances
Explanation:
Defined thresholds preserve necessary controls while allowing routine operational decisions to proceed quickly.
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47Several agencies serving the same population are merged into one department, but their budgets, information systems, and performance measures remain separate. Which conclusion is most defensible?
department
Hard
A.Separate systems automatically create independent agencies
C.Formal consolidation may coexist with operational fragmentation
D.The department has achieved full coordination
Correct Answer: Formal consolidation may coexist with operational fragmentation
Explanation:
A department can be unified legally while retaining fragmented procedures, resources, and accountability mechanisms.
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48A department head is held responsible for outcomes but cannot reallocate funds, appoint key personnel, or revise internal procedures. What structural condition most directly explains the accountability problem?
department
Hard
A.Authority has not matched responsibility
B.The chief executive has too much visibility
C.The department has excessive specialization
D.The department has become a corporation
Correct Answer: Authority has not matched responsibility
Explanation:
Effective accountability requires sufficient authority to control the resources and decisions that affect assigned results.
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49A department creates regional offices with authority to adapt national programs, but it retains national standards, audits, and sanctions. Which arrangement is represented?
Regional discretion is permitted, but central standards and oversight remain in place.
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50A minister personally approves minor personnel, procurement, and licensing decisions across a large department. Which likely structural consequence follows?
department
Hard
A.Reduced administrative bottlenecks
B.Overcentralization and delayed decisions
C.Conversion into a line-and-staff agency
D.Improved span of control
Correct Answer: Overcentralization and delayed decisions
Explanation:
Concentrating routine decisions at the top overloads the minister and slows departmental operations.
Incorrect! Try again.
51A public corporation is required to recover costs through user charges, but the government directs it to maintain unprofitable services for remote communities. Which governance response is most appropriate?
public corporation
Hard
A.Ignore the losses as managerial failure
B.Record and compensate the mandated public-service obligation
C.Close all remote services immediately
D.Convert every service into a private monopoly
Correct Answer: Record and compensate the mandated public-service obligation
Explanation:
Separating commercial performance from explicitly imposed social obligations improves transparency and accountability.
Incorrect! Try again.
52A public corporation has operational autonomy but its board is appointed by government, its borrowing requires approval, and its prices are politically controlled. Which characterization is most accurate?
public corporation
Hard
A.It is identical to a government department
B.It is fully independent from government
C.It is an autonomous entity subject to public controls
D.It is merely a private contractor
Correct Answer: It is an autonomous entity subject to public controls
Explanation:
Public corporations often have managerial flexibility while remaining subject to ownership, financial, and policy oversight.
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53A public corporation receives a government guarantee for its debt and then undertakes a risky expansion without adequate feasibility analysis. Which accountability concern is strongest?
public corporation
Hard
A.Debt guarantees make procurement fully competitive
B.Public corporations cannot undertake expansion
C.Risk may be shifted to taxpayers without market discipline
D.The guarantee eliminates all financial risk
Correct Answer: Risk may be shifted to taxpayers without market discipline
Explanation:
A government guarantee can encourage excessive risk-taking because losses may ultimately be absorbed by the public.
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54A public corporation is judged only by annual profit even though its statute requires universal service and affordable access. What evaluation error is being made?
public corporation
Hard
A.Measuring social obligations through financial statements
B.Treating a corporation as an independent commission
C.Using a narrow commercial measure for mixed objectives
D.Applying too many public accountability standards
Correct Answer: Using a narrow commercial measure for mixed objectives
Explanation:
Performance assessment must include both financial results and legally assigned public-service obligations.
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55A regulatory commission is formally independent, but the minister may remove commissioners at will after unfavorable decisions. Which institutional feature is most undermined?
independent regulatory commission
Hard
A.Technical specialization
B.Public participation
C.Administrative flexibility
D.Regulatory independence
Correct Answer: Regulatory independence
Explanation:
At-will removal creates direct political pressure and weakens the commission's decisional autonomy.
Incorrect! Try again.
56A commission both investigates a firm, prosecutes alleged violations, and decides the case. Which safeguard would best address concerns about institutional bias?
independent regulatory commission
Hard
A.Separate investigative and adjudicative functions
B.Transfer all cases to the regulated firm
C.Allow the commission to avoid written decisions
D.Eliminate all investigative powers
Correct Answer: Separate investigative and adjudicative functions
Explanation:
Separating functions reduces the risk that the adjudicator will prejudge a case based on its investigative role.
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57A commission adopts a technically sound rule after receiving evidence from industry but provides no opportunity for affected consumers to respond. What deficiency is most apparent?
independent regulatory commission
Hard
A.Improper use of technical expertise
B.Insufficient legislative supremacy
C.Excessive organizational independence
D.Weak procedural participation
Correct Answer: Weak procedural participation
Explanation:
Sound technical analysis does not replace fair notice and an opportunity for affected parties to provide input.
Incorrect! Try again.
58A department head delegates licensing decisions to a regional director but retains authority to review, revise, and revoke decisions under published standards. Which statement is most accurate?
delegation
Hard
A.Delegation has transferred all ultimate accountability
B.Delegation has converted the region into a separate department
C.Delegation has occurred with retained supervisory control
D.Delegation is invalid unless authority is permanent
Correct Answer: Delegation has occurred with retained supervisory control
Explanation:
Delegation transfers performance authority while allowing the superior to retain oversight and ultimate responsibility.
Incorrect! Try again.
59A statute authorizes an agency to regulate safety but gives no criteria for determining violations, penalties, or exemptions. The agency then creates all three by internal memorandum. Which delegation problem is most likely?
delegation
Hard
A.Unnecessary separation of functions
B.Excessive operational decentralization
C.Insufficient guidance for delegated power
D.Improper creation of a public corporation
Correct Answer: Insufficient guidance for delegated power
Explanation:
Broad authority without intelligible standards can produce arbitrary action and exceed the intended scope of delegation.
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60A senior official delegates authority to approve contracts but forbids subdelegation. The delegate later authorizes a deputy to sign routine contracts. What is the central issue?
delegation
Hard
A.Whether subdelegation was authorized
B.Whether the chief executive must sign every contract
C.Whether line agencies may use staff advice
D.Whether contracts require public corporations
Correct Answer: Whether subdelegation was authorized
Explanation:
A delegation does not automatically include permission to transfer the same authority to another official.
Incorrect! Try again.
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