Unit 4: Organisational behaviour - Practice Quiz

PBA112 — Elements Of Public Administration 60 Questions
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1 What is decision-making?

decision-making Easy
A. Avoiding all responsibilities
B. Choosing among alternatives
C. Sharing information without purpose
D. Following every instruction blindly

2 Which step usually comes first in the decision-making process?

decision-making Easy
A. Implementing the solution
B. Evaluating the results
C. Identifying the problem
D. Reviewing staff performance

3 A decision based on established rules and procedures is called a:

decision-making Easy
A. Random decision
B. Personal decision
C. Programmed decision
D. Delayed decision

4 Which of the following is an important purpose of decision-making in an organisation?

decision-making Easy
A. Achieving organisational goals
B. Reducing all communication
C. Removing every procedure
D. Increasing workplace confusion

5 What is leadership?

leadership Easy
A. Influencing people toward goals
B. Performing every task alone
C. Avoiding contact with employees
D. Controlling records and files

6 A person who guides and directs a group is known as a:

leadership Easy
A. Auditor
B. Leader
C. Customer
D. Supplier

7 Which leadership style allows employees to participate in decisions?

leadership Easy
A. Absent leadership
B. Unplanned leadership
C. Autocratic leadership
D. Democratic leadership

8 Which quality is commonly associated with effective leadership?

leadership Easy
A. Indifference
B. Carelessness
C. Integrity
D. Unfairness

9 What is communication?

communication Easy
A. Measurement of salaries
B. Storage of equipment
C. Assignment of buildings
D. Exchange of information

10 Who initiates a message in the communication process?

communication Easy
A. The observer
B. The visitor
C. The sender
D. The receiver

11 Which of the following is an example of written communication?

communication Easy
A. Facial expression
B. Official memorandum
C. Hand gesture
D. Informal nod

12 What is feedback in communication?

communication Easy
A. The receiver's response
B. The message's length
C. The office's location
D. The sender's position

13 What is coordination?

coordination Easy
A. Harmonising organisational activities
B. Repeating identical tasks
C. Ignoring common objectives
D. Separating all departments

14 The main purpose of coordination is to:

coordination Easy
A. Delay routine activities
B. Avoid duplication of work
C. Restrict useful information
D. Increase departmental conflict

15 Coordination is especially important when organisational tasks are:

coordination Easy
A. Unrelated
B. Already cancelled
C. Completed privately
D. Interdependent

16 What is motivation?

motivation Easy
A. A method of storing files
B. A force encouraging action
C. A system of office design
D. A process of reducing duties

17 Which of the following is an example of an extrinsic motivator?

motivation Easy
A. Performance bonus
B. Personal interest
C. Sense of achievement
D. Enjoyment of learning

18 Recognition for good work can motivate employees by increasing their:

motivation Easy
A. Resistance to goals
B. Sense of value
C. Fear of teamwork
D. Workplace isolation

19 What is employee morale?

morale Easy
A. The length of working hours
B. The number of office supplies
C. The general attitude of employees
D. The structure of a building

20 High morale among employees is usually associated with:

morale Easy
A. More workplace conflict
B. Greater enthusiasm
C. Less interest in duties
D. Lower cooperation

21 A district office must choose between repairing an old water system and constructing a smaller new one. Which approach would best improve the decision?

decision-making Medium
A. Delay the decision until all uncertainty disappears
B. Select the option preferred by senior staff
C. Compare costs, benefits, risks, and feasibility
D. Choose the cheaper option immediately

22 A manager has limited funds and several urgent requests. Which decision-making technique is most appropriate?

decision-making Medium
A. Divide funds equally among all units
B. Rank alternatives using agreed criteria
C. Choose the request from the largest unit
D. Approve requests in the order received

23 An officer continues funding a failing program because considerable money has already been spent on it. This behavior illustrates which problem?

decision-making Medium
A. Sunk-cost bias
B. Delegation failure
C. Groupthink
D. Role ambiguity

24 During a crisis, a department head assigns clear roles, sets short deadlines, and keeps communication channels open. Which leadership behavior is demonstrated?

leadership Medium
A. Providing task and relationship support
B. Using completely passive supervision
C. Avoiding responsibility
D. Replacing all staff participation

25 A newly formed project team has capable members but lacks confidence about its responsibilities. Which leadership action is most suitable?

leadership Medium
A. Replace members before evaluating performance
B. Set expectations and invite questions
C. Monitor every minor activity personally
D. Give no guidance to encourage independence

26 A public manager asks employees for solutions before deciding how to reduce service delays. This approach is most likely to improve:

leadership Medium
A. Employee ownership of the decision
B. Confusion about every policy
C. Resistance to all forms of authority
D. Dependence on informal rumors

27 A policy memo is misunderstood by field offices because it uses unfamiliar technical terms. Which improvement is most appropriate?

communication Medium
A. Limit the message to senior officials
B. Add more specialized terminology
C. Use clearer language and practical examples
D. Send the memo without any revision

28 A supervisor gives instructions verbally about a complex procurement procedure. Which action would most reduce later misunderstanding?

communication Medium
A. Repeat the same message more quickly
B. Ask staff to rely on memory
C. Let each employee interpret the procedure
D. Provide written instructions and invite feedback

29 Employees hear different versions of a staffing change from informal conversations. What should the manager do first?

communication Medium
A. Issue accurate information through an official channel
B. Punish all employees who discuss the change
C. Stop communicating until the final decision
D. Ignore the rumors until they disappear

30 A housing program and a health program serve the same neighborhoods but collect overlapping data separately. Which coordination measure would help most?

coordination Medium
A. Require each program to work independently
B. Transfer both programs to one employee
C. Create a joint information-sharing arrangement
D. Remove data collection from both programs

31 Several agencies must respond to a flood, but their activities overlap and supplies are unevenly distributed. Which mechanism is most suitable?

coordination Medium
A. An interagency coordination committee
B. Separate plans with no common meeting
C. A temporary ban on information sharing
D. Independent purchasing by every agency

32 Two departments disagree about responsibility for processing a permit. Which action would best address the problem?

coordination Medium
A. Define responsibilities and establish a workflow
B. Allow both departments to reject applications
C. Ask applicants to choose the responsible department
D. Wait for the disagreement to resolve itself

33 A public employee values professional growth but receives only repetitive assignments. Which managerial action is most likely to increase motivation?

motivation Medium
A. Assign challenging work with development opportunities
B. Offer praise unrelated to actual performance
C. Increase routine tasks without explanation
D. Remove feedback to promote self-reliance

34 A department introduces performance bonuses, but employees believe the evaluation process is biased. Why might motivation remain low?

motivation Medium
A. Rewards are ineffective when procedures seem unfair
B. Bonuses eliminate the need for supervision
C. Employees never respond to financial rewards
D. Performance standards always reduce motivation

35 A manager wants staff to improve response time without lowering service quality. Which goal is best designed?

motivation Medium
A. Complete more cases than other departments
B. Work faster whenever possible
C. Reduce average response time by 15% while meeting quality standards
D. Improve performance substantially by year-end

36 After repeated policy changes and public criticism, employees become withdrawn and absenteeism rises. Which response would most directly address morale?

morale Medium
A. Ignore emotions and focus only on output
B. Increase surveillance without discussing concerns
C. Replace experienced employees with temporary staff
D. Acknowledge concerns and involve staff in improvements

37 A unit has adequate salaries but low morale because good work is rarely recognized. Which intervention is most appropriate?

morale Medium
A. Reduce opportunities for employee feedback
B. Increase rules for minor workplace behavior
C. Provide fair and specific recognition
D. Assign additional duties without explanation

38 A manager notices conflict between two teams is lowering cooperation across the office. Which action would best protect morale?

morale Medium
A. Facilitate a fair discussion and clarify shared goals
B. Publicly blame the team with fewer members
C. Separate the teams without addressing the conflict
D. Reward one team regardless of its contribution

39 A manager discovers that a popular practice violates procurement rules. Which leadership response is most appropriate?

leadership Medium
A. Explain the requirement and guide a lawful transition
B. Punish the entire department immediately
C. Protect the practice to preserve popularity
D. Ignore the issue unless an audit occurs

40 A committee quickly agrees with its chair despite evidence that the preferred project has serious risks. What corrective action is most useful?

decision-making Medium
A. Invite independent views and examine alternatives
B. Treat disagreement as disloyal behavior
C. Reduce discussion to preserve unity
D. Ask the chair to make every decision

41 A department must choose between a proven but expensive program and an innovative but uncertain one. Political leaders demand immediate results, while analysts estimate that the innovative option has higher expected long-term benefits. Which decision rule best addresses the conflict?

decision-making Hard
A. Select the cheapest option to protect the current budget
B. Select the innovative option because long-term gains dominate
C. Select the proven option because administrative risk is unacceptable
D. Use a staged decision with pilot testing and predefined review criteria

42 A committee reaches consensus after members suppress concerns to preserve unity. The chosen policy later fails because a key risk was never examined. Which corrective mechanism most directly addresses this problem?

decision-making Hard
A. Assign a formal devil's advocate during deliberation
B. Allow the chair to summarize the preferred solution first
C. Reduce the number of participants in future meetings
D. Require unanimous approval before implementation

43 A public agency uses a risk score that gives equal weight to efficiency and equity. The score favors a program serving a large urban population over one serving a smaller disadvantaged community. What is the most defensible response?

decision-making Hard
A. Abandon quantitative scoring because social values cannot be measured
B. Choose the disadvantaged community automatically in every case
C. Choose the larger program because aggregate benefits are higher
D. Make equity weights explicit and assess distributional consequences

44 A newly appointed public manager inherits a team with high technical competence but low trust after repeated reorganizations. Which leadership approach is most likely to restore performance sustainably?

leadership Hard
A. Delegate all decisions to demonstrate confidence
B. Create predictable processes and involve staff in rebuilding commitments
C. Replace experienced employees with more loyal personnel
D. Impose strict controls until compliance improves

45 A leader publicly promotes innovation but privately penalizes employees whenever experiments produce setbacks. What is the most likely organizational consequence?

leadership Hard
A. Defensive behavior and concealment of unsuccessful results
B. Higher morale because accountability is visibly enforced
C. More accurate reporting because employees avoid ambiguity
D. Greater innovation because standards become clearer

46 During a crisis, a director must act quickly but lacks complete information. Which leadership behavior best balances urgency with administrative accountability?

leadership Hard
A. Allow each unit to improvise without common objectives
B. Delegate bounded authority while documenting assumptions and review points
C. Centralize every operational decision indefinitely
D. Wait for complete information before authorizing action

47 A policy memo is technically accurate, yet frontline employees implement it inconsistently. Interviews reveal that staff interpret the same terms differently across units. Which intervention is most appropriate?

communication Hard
A. Allow each unit to define the terms according to local needs
B. Reduce the memo to a single general principle
C. Issue the same memo again with stronger language
D. Add shared definitions, examples, and feedback channels

48 An agency's dashboard reports excellent service averages, but complaints from remote communities are increasing. Which communication problem does this most clearly illustrate?

communication Hard
A. Information overload caused by too many indicators
B. Excessive horizontal communication
C. Aggregation that conceals unequal experiences
D. Upward communication that bypasses supervisors

49 A senior official asks for honest assessments, but employees communicate only favorable information. Which organizational design change would most directly improve upward communication?

communication Hard
A. Increase the frequency of ceremonial staff meetings
B. Require all reports to pass through the immediate supervisor
C. Publish only positive findings to protect institutional confidence
D. Create protected channels and reward accurate adverse reporting

50 Three agencies serve the same clients but use incompatible eligibility databases. Each agency meets its own targets, while citizens repeatedly submit the same documents. Which coordination strategy is strongest?

coordination Hard
A. Ask citizens to coordinate the agencies themselves
B. Merge the agencies immediately without redesigning processes
C. Create a shared protocol with data safeguards and joint ownership
D. Let each agency retain its system to preserve autonomy

51 A central ministry imposes uniform procedures on regional offices, reducing duplication but delaying responses to local emergencies. Which arrangement best resolves the tension?

coordination Hard
A. Standardize core safeguards while delegating context-sensitive decisions
B. Centralize all emergency decisions at headquarters
C. Remove all performance requirements from regional offices
D. Permit unrestricted local variation in every procedure

52 A cross-department task force has representatives from every relevant unit but makes little progress because no member controls resources or deadlines. What is the central coordination failure?

coordination Hard
A. Lack of authority, shared deliverables, and accountability
B. Excessive reliance on formal organizational hierarchy
C. Insufficient representation of specialized interests
D. Overuse of informal communication among participants

53 A performance bonus is introduced for processing more cases. Output rises, but accuracy falls and complex cases are avoided. Which redesign is most appropriate?

motivation Hard
A. Use balanced measures combining volume, quality, and case complexity
B. Increase the bonus for every additional case processed
C. Remove all performance information from supervision
D. Reward only employees who process the fastest cases

54 Employees value meaningful public service, but a new monitoring system treats them as untrusted and gives no discretion. Productivity initially rises, then initiative declines. Which explanation is most plausible?

motivation Hard
A. External controls may have crowded out intrinsic motivation
B. Monitoring necessarily increases creativity over time
C. Meaningful work is unrelated to motivation in public agencies
D. Employees always prefer discretion to clear standards

55 A manager offers identical rewards to all employees despite substantial differences in contribution. High performers become disengaged, while low performers remain unchanged. Which motivational principle is most relevant?

motivation Hard
A. Employees are motivated only by financial incentives
B. Equity perceptions influence effort and commitment
C. Uniform rewards always maximize organizational solidarity
D. Recognition is ineffective unless it is private

56 After a budget cut, leaders emphasize resilience but provide no explanation of criteria or timeline. Morale deteriorates even among employees whose positions are secure. What is the best interpretation?

morale Hard
A. Resilience messages reliably compensate for poor consultation
B. Uncertainty and perceived procedural unfairness can damage morale
C. Morale depends only on whether employees lose income
D. Morale declines only when formal workload increases

57 A unit reports high satisfaction in a survey, yet absenteeism and turnover are rising. Which action would best test whether the survey is masking declining morale?

morale Hard
A. Increase public celebrations to improve reported satisfaction
B. Discard the survey because behavioral data are always superior
C. Compare survey results with behavioral and qualitative indicators
D. Use only the satisfaction score for future decisions

58 A technically strong manager achieves targets by humiliating employees, causing information sharing and retention to decline. Which evaluation best captures the leadership failure?

leadership Hard
A. The manager is effective because target achievement is sufficient
B. Employee turnover proves that the team lacks professional commitment
C. The manager is ineffective because authority should never be exercised
D. Short-term task performance is being achieved at the expense of organizational capacity

59 A committee must decide whether to continue a program after receiving mixed evidence. Supporters cite benefits among participants, while critics cite unchanged population-level outcomes. What is the best next step?

decision-making Hard
A. Terminate automatically because population outcomes did not change
B. Continue automatically because participant outcomes improved
C. Average the two conclusions and declare the evidence neutral
D. Examine implementation reach, causal evidence, and outcome distribution

60 During a public emergency, officials release frequent updates that contain changing estimates without explaining the reasons for revision. Public trust declines. Which communication principle was neglected?

communication Hard
A. Transparency requires explaining uncertainty and updated evidence
B. Credibility depends on communicating only final conclusions
C. Consistency requires avoiding all numerical estimates
D. Speed is irrelevant when information is incomplete