1Which of the following expressions correctly represents the specific conductance ()?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Specific conductance () is the conductance of a solution of unit length and unit cross-sectional area. Since Conductance and Cell Constant , .
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2What is the SI unit of molar conductivity ()?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Molar conductivity is defined as the conducting power of all the ions produced by dissolving one mole of an electrolyte in solution. Its SI unit is Siemens meter squared per mole ().
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3Upon dilution, the specific conductance () of an electrolyte solution:
A.First increases then decreases
B.Remains constant
C.Decreases
D.Increases
Correct Answer: Decreases
Explanation:
Specific conductance is the conductance of 1 cm of the solution. Upon dilution, the number of ions per unit volume decreases, thereby decreasing the specific conductance.
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4The quantity in conductivity measurements is known as:
A.Equivalent constant
B.Specific resistance
C.Cell constant
D.Molar constant
Correct Answer: Cell constant
Explanation:
The ratio of the distance between electrodes () to the area of cross-section () is a fixed quantity for a particular conductivity cell and is called the Cell constant ().
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5If the resistance of a 0.1 M KCl solution in a cell is and the cell constant is , what is the specific conductance?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
.
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6In a Galvanic cell, the anode is the electrode where:
A.Oxidation occurs and it is the negative pole
B.Reduction occurs and it is the positive pole
C.Oxidation occurs and it is the positive pole
D.Reduction occurs and it is the negative pole
Correct Answer: Oxidation occurs and it is the negative pole
Explanation:
In a Galvanic (Voltaic) cell, oxidation always happens at the anode (releasing electrons), making it the negative pole.
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7Which of the following statements about the Salt Bridge is incorrect?
A.It increases the liquid junction potential
B.It maintains electrical neutrality of the two half-cells
C.It prevents the physical mixing of the two solutions
D.It connects the two half-cell solutions
Correct Answer: It increases the liquid junction potential
Explanation:
The salt bridge actually minimizes or eliminates the liquid junction potential; it does not increase it.
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8The relationship between molar conductance () and specific conductance () when concentration is in and is in is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
To convert the volume to cm containing 1 mole, the factor 1000 is used. Formula: .
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9A cell in which electrical energy is converted into chemical energy is called a(n):
A.Reversible cell
B.Electrolytic cell
C.Galvanic cell
D.Fuel cell
Correct Answer: Electrolytic cell
Explanation:
Electrolytic cells consume electrical energy to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction (electrolysis).
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10According to the Nernst solution pressure theory, the tendency of a metal to pass into solution as ions is opposed by:
A.Vapor pressure of the metal
B.Osmotic pressure of ions in solution
C.Atmospheric pressure
D.Electromotive force
Correct Answer: Osmotic pressure of ions in solution
Explanation:
The origin of electrode potential is explained by the conflict between the metal's solution pressure (tendency to dissolve) and the osmotic pressure of the ions already in the solution (tendency to deposit back).
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11The Electrical Double Layer (Helmholtz Double Layer) is formed at:
A.The junction of the salt bridge
B.The interface between the electrode surface and the electrolyte
C.The outer circuit copper wire
D.The bottom of the electrolytic tank
Correct Answer: The interface between the electrode surface and the electrolyte
Explanation:
When a metal is dipped in its salt solution, a charge separation occurs at the interface, creating two layers of opposite charges (fixed layer on metal, diffuse layer in solution), known as the Helmholtz Double Layer.
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12For the reaction , the Nernst equation for cell EMF at 298 K is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
The Nernst equation is . Here electrons. .
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13Which of the following conditions represents a Reversible Cell?
A.If an opposing EMF exactly equal to the cell EMF is applied, no current flows and no reaction occurs.
B.The internal resistance is zero.
C.If the external EMF is slightly greater, the current flows in the same direction.
D.The cell involves evolution of gases that escape.
Correct Answer: If an opposing EMF exactly equal to the cell EMF is applied, no current flows and no reaction occurs.
Explanation:
A primary criterion for thermodynamic reversibility is that if the opposing force equals the driving force, the process stops. If the opposing force is increased infinitesimally, the reaction reverses.
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14The standard electrode potential of the Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is arbitrarily taken as:
A.-1.0 V
B.1.0 V
C.0.1 V
D.0.0 V
Correct Answer: 0.0 V
Explanation:
By convention, the potential of the Standard Hydrogen Electrode is fixed at 0.00 Volts at all temperatures.
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15In the electrochemical series, elements are arranged in increasing order of their:
A.Atomic weights
B.Specific conductance
C.Standard reduction potentials
D.Oxidation potentials
Correct Answer: Standard reduction potentials
Explanation:
The electrochemical series (IUPAC convention) arranges elements based on their standard reduction potentials ().
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16If is positive, the cell reaction is:
A.Non-spontaneous
B.At equilibrium
C.Undefined
D.Spontaneous
Correct Answer: Spontaneous
Explanation:
From thermodynamics, . If is positive, is negative, indicating a spontaneous reaction.
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17Calculate the cell EMF for given .
A.1.13 V
B.1.07 V
C.1.00 V
D.1.10 V
Correct Answer: 1.07 V
Explanation:
.
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18The relationship between Standard Gibbs Free Energy change and Standard EMF is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
This is the fundamental thermodynamic equation connecting electrical work and free energy.
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19Which metal will displace Hydrogen from dilute acids?
A.Copper ()
B.Silver ()
C.Gold ()
D.Zinc ()
Correct Answer: Zinc ()
Explanation:
Metals with negative reduction potentials (placed above Hydrogen in the series) are stronger reducing agents than Hydrogen and can displace it from acids.
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20The specific conductance of a 0.01 M solution is . Calculate its molar conductance.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
.
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21Which equation represents the temperature coefficient of the EMF?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
The change in cell EMF per degree change in temperature at constant pressure is the temperature coefficient .
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22The entropy change of a cell reaction is given by:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
From thermodynamics and . Using , we derive .
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23The cell constant is usually determined by measuring the resistance of a standard solution of:
A.KCl
B.HCl
C.CuSO
D.NaCl
Correct Answer: KCl
Explanation:
Potassium Chloride (KCl) is the standard electrolyte because its specific conductivity values at various concentrations and temperatures are accurately known.
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24For a concentration cell (e.g., ), the standard EMF () is:
A.Dependent on and
B.Zero
C.Negative
D.Positive
Correct Answer: Zero
Explanation:
Since both electrodes are made of the same material, the standard reduction potentials cancel out, so .
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25In the Nernst equation, the value of the factor at (298 K) is approximately:
A.0.0591
B.0.0295
C.96500
D.8.314
Correct Answer: 0.0591
Explanation:
.
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26If the specific conductance of a solution is and the volume containing 1 gram equivalent of the electrolyte is , then the equivalent conductance is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Equivalent conductance is defined as , where is the volume in cm containing 1 gram equivalent.
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27Which of the following represents the correct IUPAC cell representation for the Daniel Cell?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
The convention is Anode (Oxidation) on the Left || Cathode (Reduction) on the Right. Zn oxidizes, Cu reduces.
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28In an electrochemical cell, electrons flow in the external circuit from:
A.Anode to Cathode
B.Cathode to Anode
C.Salt bridge to Anode
D.Solution to Electrode
Correct Answer: Anode to Cathode
Explanation:
Electrons are released at the anode (oxidation) and travel through the external wire to the cathode where they are consumed.
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29The enthalpy change () of a cell reaction can be calculated using:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
From Gibbs-Helmholtz equation: . Substituting and , we get .
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30Measurement of Cell EMF is accurately done using:
A.A Galvanometer
B.A Voltmeter
C.A Potentiometer
D.An Ammeter
Correct Answer: A Potentiometer
Explanation:
A potentiometer (using the Poggendorff compensation method) draws no current from the cell at the null point, giving the true EMF (Open Circuit Voltage), whereas a voltmeter draws current and gives terminal voltage ().
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31The unit of Specific Resistance (Resistivity, ) is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
. Units: .
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32Strong electrolytes differ from weak electrolytes because strong electrolytes:
A.Conduct electricity only in fused state
B.Are almost completely dissociated in solution
C.Do not conduct electricity
D.Have lower molar conductivity at infinite dilution
Correct Answer: Are almost completely dissociated in solution
Explanation:
Strong electrolytes ionize completely (or nearly so) at all concentrations, whereas weak electrolytes ionize partially.
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33For the electrode reaction , the Nernst equation for the electrode potential () is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Generally . This simplifies to .
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34Which of the following is an example of an Irreversible Cell?
A.Zinc-Silver Cell
B.Weston Standard Cell
C.Daniel Cell
D.Zn | HSO | Cu
Correct Answer: Zn | HSO | Cu
Explanation:
In this cell, when Zn dissolves, H is evolved at the copper electrode. If the current is reversed, Cu dissolves and H is evolved at Zn. The chemical change is not reversed; hence it is irreversible.
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35Calculate the equilibrium constant for a reaction at 298 K if and .
A.
B.$1.0$
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
At equilibrium , so . .
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36The limiting molar conductivity is defined as:
A.Molar conductivity at 1 M concentration
B.Conductivity of the pure metal
C.Molar conductivity at saturation
D.Molar conductivity at infinite dilution
Correct Answer: Molar conductivity at infinite dilution
Explanation:
When concentration approaches zero (infinite dilution), the molar conductivity reaches a limiting maximum value, denoted as .
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37Which ion has the highest mobility in aqueous solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Hydrogen ions () have exceptionally high mobility due to the Grotthuss mechanism (proton hopping).
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38In a Nernst equation calculation, if the concentration of the product ions increases, the EMF of the cell:
A.Remains constant
B.Increases
C.Becomes zero
D.Decreases
Correct Answer: Decreases
Explanation:
. Since the product concentration is in the numerator of the log term which is subtracted, increasing it decreases .
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39Which of the following does NOT affect the value of the single electrode potential?
A.Temperature
B.Concentration of ions
C.Nature of the metal
D.Size of the electrode plate
Correct Answer: Size of the electrode plate
Explanation:
Electrode potential is an intensive property; it depends on the nature of material, concentration, and temperature, but not on the quantity (size/area) of the electrode.
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40A cell has . The distance between plates is 2 cm and area is 4 cm. Calculate .
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Cell constant . .
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41The variation of molar conductance with concentration for strong electrolytes is given by:
A.Kohlrausch's Law
B.Faraday's Law
C.Ostwald's Dilution Law
D.Debye-Huckel-Onsager equation
Correct Answer: Debye-Huckel-Onsager equation
Explanation:
The linear variation (at low conc) for strong electrolytes is described by the Debye-Huckel-Onsager equation.
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42Calculate for a reaction where and . ()
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
.
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43In the Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE), hydrogen gas is bubbled at a pressure of:
A.1 atm
B.Vacuum
C.0.1 atm
D.10 atm
Correct Answer: 1 atm
Explanation:
Standard conditions require gases to be at 1 atmospheric pressure.
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44Which thermodynamic parameter determines the maximum electrical work a cell can perform?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
The decrease in Gibbs Free Energy () represents the maximum useful (non-expansion) work, i.e., electrical work, obtainable from the system.
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45The electrolyte used in a salt bridge is usually:
A.Dilute HSO
B.Solid NaCl
C.Agar-agar jelly saturated with KCl or KNO
D.Distilled water
Correct Answer: Agar-agar jelly saturated with KCl or KNO
Explanation:
These salts (KCl, KNO) are used because the transport numbers of their cations and anions are nearly equal.
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46If the temperature coefficient is zero, then:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Since , if the temperature coefficient is zero, .
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47Which is the strongest oxidizing agent among the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
High positive reduction potential indicates a strong tendency to get reduced, making it a strong oxidizing agent. Fluorine has the highest value.
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48The conductivity of a solution depends on:
A.Mobility of ions
B.Temperature
C.Number of ions present
D.All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation:
Conductivity is influenced by the concentration (number) of charge carriers, how fast they move (mobility), and thermal energy (temperature).
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49In a concentration cell represented by , the cell reaction is spontaneous if:
A.
B.Always spontaneous
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
For a spontaneous reaction, EMF must be positive. . This is positive only if (Concentration at cathode > anode).
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50What is the cell EMF for a reaction in equilibrium?
A.Equal to
B.Equal to
C.Equal to 1 V
D.Equal to 0 V
Correct Answer: Equal to 0 V
Explanation:
At equilibrium, . Since , the cell EMF () must be 0.