1The cell constant of a conductivity cell is defined as the ratio of the distance between the electrodes to their area of cross-section, expressed as:
Cell constant determination
Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Cell constant , where is the distance between electrodes and is the cross-sectional area. Its unit is .
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2The unit of cell constant is:
Cell constant determination
Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Cell constant is .
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3Cell constant is obtained by multiplying the observed conductance by which quantity?
Cell constant determination
Easy
A.Resistivity
B.Normality
C.Temperature
D.Molar mass
Correct Answer: Resistivity
Explanation:
Since specific conductance , and resistivity , the cell constant is found by measuring resistance of a solution of known specific conductance (using resistivity).
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4The SI-based common unit of specific conductance (conductivity) is:
Specific and Molar conductance (numericals)
Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Specific conductance has units of (siemens per centimetre).
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5If the specific conductance of a solution is and its molar concentration is , the molar conductance is:
Specific and Molar conductance (numericals)
Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
.
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6Molar conductance is related to specific conductance and molar concentration (in ) by:
Specific and Molar conductance (numericals)
Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Molar conductance is when is in and in .
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7A substance that conducts electricity in molten or aqueous state by producing ions is called:
Introduction to electrolytes
Easy
A.An electrolyte
B.An insulator
C.A dielectric
D.A semiconductor
Correct Answer: An electrolyte
Explanation:
Electrolytes dissociate into ions in solution or molten state and conduct electricity, e.g. NaCl, HCl.
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8Which of the following is a strong electrolyte?
Introduction to electrolytes
Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
dissociates almost completely in water, making it a strong electrolyte. Acetic acid and ammonium hydroxide are weak, and glucose is a non-electrolyte.
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9In an electrochemical cell, conduction of current within the electrolyte solution occurs through the movement of:
electrochemical cells and cell conductance
Easy
A.Ions
B.Neutral molecules
C.Free electrons
D.Photons
Correct Answer: Ions
Explanation:
Inside the electrolyte, current is carried by the migration of positive and negative ions, unlike in metals where electrons carry current.
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10In a galvanic cell, chemical energy is converted into:
Electrolytic and galvanic cells
Easy
A.Electrical energy
B.Mechanical energy
C.Heat energy only
D.Light energy
Correct Answer: Electrical energy
Explanation:
A galvanic (voltaic) cell converts the energy of a spontaneous redox reaction into electrical energy.
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11In an electrolytic cell, the reaction occurring is:
Electrolytic and galvanic cells
Easy
A.Spontaneous, producing electricity
B.Purely thermal
C.Always at equilibrium
D.Non-spontaneous, driven by external electricity
Correct Answer: Non-spontaneous, driven by external electricity
Explanation:
An electrolytic cell uses external electrical energy to drive a non-spontaneous redox reaction.
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12In a galvanic cell, oxidation takes place at the:
Electrolytic and galvanic cells
Easy
A.Anode
B.Cathode
C.Voltmeter
D.Salt bridge
Correct Answer: Anode
Explanation:
By definition oxidation always occurs at the anode; in a galvanic cell the anode is the negative electrode.
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13In the electrochemical series, elements are arranged according to their:
electrochemical series
Easy
A.Density
B.Atomic mass
C.Standard electrode potential
D.Melting point
Correct Answer: Standard electrode potential
Explanation:
The electrochemical series lists elements in order of their standard reduction (electrode) potentials.
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14A metal placed higher in the activity/electrochemical series (more negative ) tends to act as a:
electrochemical series
Easy
A.Neutral element
B.Stronger reducing agent
C.Better electrical insulator
D.Stronger oxidizing agent
Correct Answer: Stronger reducing agent
Explanation:
Metals with more negative reduction potential lose electrons easily, so they are strong reducing agents.
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15The EMF of a galvanic cell is calculated as:
cell emf measurement
Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Cell EMF is the reduction potential of the cathode minus that of the anode: .
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16The instrument commonly used for accurate measurement of cell EMF without drawing current is the:
cell emf measurement
Easy
A.Ohmmeter
B.Potentiometer
C.Ammeter
D.Galvanometer alone
Correct Answer: Potentiometer
Explanation:
A potentiometer measures EMF by balancing potentials, so essentially no current is drawn from the cell, giving the true (reversible) EMF.
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17The Nernst equation for a cell reaction at 298 K is written as:
Nernst equation and numerical problems
Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
At 298 K, the Nernst equation is , where is the reaction quotient and the number of electrons.
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18For the electrode at 298 K, the value of used in the Nernst equation is:
Nernst equation and numerical problems
Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Here , so .
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19The relationship between the standard Gibbs free energy change and standard cell EMF is:
Thermodynamic overview of Electrochemical processes
Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
The free energy change is . A positive gives negative , indicating a spontaneous reaction.
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20The electrical double layer (HDL) that gives rise to single electrode potential forms at the interface between:
Single electrode potentials (origin and HDL)
Easy
A.Two different metals
B.Two gas bubbles
C.The wire and the voltmeter
D.The metal electrode and the solution
Correct Answer: The metal electrode and the solution
Explanation:
When a metal is dipped in its salt solution, a charge separation develops at the metal-solution interface, forming the Helmholtz electrical double layer and giving rise to electrode potential.
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21A conductivity cell filled with KCl (specific conductance ) shows a resistance of . What is the cell constant?
Cell constant determination
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Cell constant . The cell constant equals specific conductance multiplied by resistance.
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22The cell constant of a conductivity cell is defined as:
Cell constant determination
Medium
A. (distance between electrodes / area of cross-section)
B. (area / distance)
C. (distance area)
D.
Correct Answer: (distance between electrodes / area of cross-section)
Explanation:
The cell constant , having units of . It converts measured conductance into specific conductance.
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23A solution has specific conductance and concentration . What is its molar conductance?
Specific and Molar conductance (numericals)
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
.
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24The resistance of a solution is in a cell with cell constant . What is the molar conductance?
Specific and Molar conductance (numericals)
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
. Then .
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25How does molar conductance of a strong electrolyte vary with dilution?
Specific and Molar conductance (numericals)
Medium
A.It decreases sharply with dilution
B.It increases slightly with dilution
C.It remains completely constant
D.It increases sharply toward infinity
Correct Answer: It increases slightly with dilution
Explanation:
For strong electrolytes, molar conductance increases only slightly on dilution because the number of ions is nearly constant; the small rise is due to reduced inter-ionic attraction.
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26Which of the following is a weak electrolyte?
Introduction to electrolytes
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Acetic acid () ionizes only partially in water, making it a weak electrolyte. The others dissociate almost completely.
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27According to Kohlrausch's law, the limiting molar conductivity of an electrolyte is:
Introduction to electrolytes
Medium
A.Independent of the nature of the ions
B.The sum of individual limiting ionic conductivities
C.The difference of cation and anion conductivities
D.The product of ionic conductivities
Correct Answer: The sum of individual limiting ionic conductivities
Explanation:
Kohlrausch's law states , the sum of the limiting contributions of the constituent ions.
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28The conductance of an electrolytic solution is related to resistance as:
electrochemical cells and cell conductance
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Conductance is the reciprocal of resistance, , measured in siemens (S).
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29In a galvanic cell, oxidation occurs at the anode which is designated as:
Electrolytic and galvanic cells
Medium
A.Neutral electrode
B.Positive electrode
C.Negative electrode
D.Reference electrode
Correct Answer: Negative electrode
Explanation:
In a galvanic cell, the anode is negative because it releases electrons during oxidation, which flow through the external circuit to the cathode.
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30Which statement correctly distinguishes an electrolytic cell from a galvanic cell?
Electrolytic and galvanic cells
Medium
A.An electrolytic cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy
B.An electrolytic cell converts electrical energy into chemical energy
C.In an electrolytic cell no external power is required
D.In an electrolytic cell the reaction is spontaneous
Correct Answer: An electrolytic cell converts electrical energy into chemical energy
Explanation:
An electrolytic cell uses external electrical energy to drive a non-spontaneous reaction, whereas a galvanic cell produces electricity from a spontaneous reaction.
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31Based on the electrochemical series, which metal is the strongest reducing agent?
electrochemical series
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Lithium has the most negative standard reduction potential, so it loses electrons most readily, making it the strongest reducing agent.
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32A metal can displace another metal from its salt solution if the displacing metal has a:
A metal with a more negative reduction potential is more easily oxidized and can displace a less reactive metal (more positive potential) from its salt solution.
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33The standard EMF of the cell given and is:
cell emf measurement
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
.
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34The EMF of a cell is best measured using a potentiometer rather than a voltmeter because:
cell emf measurement
Medium
A.It short-circuits the cell during measurement
B.It draws maximum current from the cell
C.It draws negligible current, giving true reversible EMF
D.It heats the cell for accurate readings
Correct Answer: It draws negligible current, giving true reversible EMF
Explanation:
A potentiometer works on a null-point (balancing) method drawing essentially no current, so the cell operates reversibly and the true EMF is measured.
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35For the electrode at , the Nernst equation is:
Nernst equation and numerical problems
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
With , .
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36The electrode potential of a hydrogen electrode at (with ) at is:
Nernst equation and numerical problems
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
, since with .
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37For the Daniell cell at , if , the cell EMF equals:
Nernst equation and numerical problems
Medium
A.
B.Half of
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
When , the reaction quotient and , so .
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38The relationship between standard cell EMF and standard Gibbs free energy change is:
Thermodynamic overview of Electrochemical processes
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
The maximum electrical work equals the free energy change: . A positive EMF gives a negative , indicating spontaneity.
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39For a cell with and , the standard free energy change () is approximately:
Thermodynamic overview of Electrochemical processes
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
.
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40The Helmholtz Double Layer (HDL) at a metal-solution interface arises due to:
Single electrode potentials (origin and HDL)
Medium
A.Evaporation of the solvent from the electrode
B.Complete mixing of ions with the metal lattice
C.Separation of charges forming oppositely charged layers at the interface
D.Uniform charge distribution throughout the solution
Correct Answer: Separation of charges forming oppositely charged layers at the interface
Explanation:
When a metal is dipped in solution, ions and electrons redistribute, creating two oppositely charged layers (the Helmholtz double layer) that give rise to the electrode potential.
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41A conductivity cell filled with KCl (specific conductance ) shows a resistance of . When filled with an unknown electrolyte, the resistance is . What is the specific conductance of the unknown solution?
Cell constant determination
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Cell constant . For the unknown: .
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42The molar conductance of acetic acid is and . Calculate the dissociation constant .
Specific and Molar conductance (numericals)
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Degree of dissociation . .
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43For the cell with , the cell EMF at is:
Nernst equation and numerical problems
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
.
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44A cell has and for a 2-electron reaction. The entropy change at is (F = 96500 C):
Thermodynamic overview of Electrochemical processes
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
.
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45Using standard reduction potentials , , , which species can oxidize spontaneously?
Electrochemical series
Hard
A. only
B. only
C.Neither nor
D.Both and
Correct Answer: only
Explanation:
oxidizes a species only if its reduction potential exceeds that couple's. so is oxidized; so is not oxidized by .
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46The EMF of the concentration cell is at . The ratio is:
Nernst equation and numerical problems
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
For a concentration cell . So , giving .
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47For a cell reaction with and at , the equilibrium constant is approximately:
Nernst equation and numerical problems
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
, so .
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48The resistance of a solution in a cell of cell constant is . The molar conductance in is:
Specific and Molar conductance (numericals)
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
. .
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49The electrical double layer (Helmholtz double layer) at a metal-solution interface primarily gives rise to:
Single electrode potentials (origin and HDL)
Hard
A.The ohmic resistance of the metal electrode
B.The bulk conductivity of the electrolyte solution
C.The junction potential between two half-cells
D.A potential difference across the interface constituting the electrode potential
Correct Answer: A potential difference across the interface constituting the electrode potential
Explanation:
When a metal is dipped in solution, ions arrange in layers at the interface (HDL), setting up a charge separation and hence a potential difference — the origin of the single electrode potential.
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50Which condition must be satisfied for an electrochemical cell to be thermodynamically reversible?
Reversible and irreversible cells
Hard
A.An external EMF exactly equal and opposite to cell EMF gives zero net current
B.The cell reaction is spontaneous in only one direction
C.The cell delivers maximum current through a short circuit
D.The electrode reactions proceed at a fixed high current density
Correct Answer: An external EMF exactly equal and opposite to cell EMF gives zero net current
Explanation:
A reversible cell operates under near-equilibrium: applying an opposing EMF equal to the cell EMF stops current, and an infinitesimal change reverses the reaction direction. This is the potentiometric (balancing) condition.
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51In an electrolytic cell used for electroplating, the correct assignment of electrode signs and processes is:
Electrolytic and galvanic cells
Hard
A.Cathode is positive and oxidation occurs there
B.Anode is negative and reduction occurs there
C.Cathode is negative and reduction occurs there
D.Anode is negative and oxidation occurs there
Correct Answer: Cathode is negative and reduction occurs there
Explanation:
In an electrolytic cell, the cathode is connected to the negative terminal of the source and is where reduction (deposition) occurs; the anode is positive and hosts oxidation. Reduction always occurs at the cathode.
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52A potentiometer is preferred over a voltmeter for measuring cell EMF because:
cell emf measurement
Hard
A.It measures EMF at zero current, avoiding IR drop within the cell
B.It heats the cell to maintain thermodynamic equilibrium
C.It measures only the electrode potential of the cathode
D.It draws a large current to give a stable reading
Correct Answer: It measures EMF at zero current, avoiding IR drop within the cell
Explanation:
A voltmeter draws current, causing an internal drop so it reads less than true EMF. The potentiometer balances the cell EMF against a known potential at null (zero) current, giving the true reversible EMF.
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53For the half-cell , . Keeping all other concentrations at unity, the electrode potential when (at ) is:
Nernst equation and numerical problems
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
. With unit activities except : .
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54For a galvanic cell, . If and , the enthalpy change is:
Thermodynamic overview of Electrochemical processes
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
.
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55The molar conductance of a strong electrolyte increases slightly with dilution, whereas that of a weak electrolyte increases sharply. The best explanation is:
Introduction to electrolytes
Hard
A.Both electrolytes ionize completely, but ion mobility differs greatly
B.Weak electrolytes precipitate on dilution, reducing resistance
C.Strong electrolytes are fully ionized so only inter-ionic effects lessen, while weak electrolytes ionize more on dilution
D.Strong electrolytes dissociate further while weak ones associate on dilution
Correct Answer: Strong electrolytes are fully ionized so only inter-ionic effects lessen, while weak electrolytes ionize more on dilution
Explanation:
Strong electrolytes are essentially fully dissociated; dilution only reduces inter-ionic attraction, giving a small rise. Weak electrolytes have low degree of dissociation that rises steeply with dilution, sharply increasing molar conductance.
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56The limiting molar conductance of can be obtained from of , , and using Kohlrausch's law as:
57For the cell , and measured at . The pH of the anode solution is:
Nernst equation and numerical problems
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Anode: . (for unit ). So .
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58The cell constant of a conductivity cell has SI units of because it equals:
Cell constant determination
Hard
A.The product of resistance and specific conductance
B.The ratio of electrode separation to electrode area ()
C.The product of electrode area and separation ()
D.The ratio of area to separation ()
Correct Answer: The ratio of electrode separation to electrode area ()
Explanation:
Cell constant , with in metres and in , giving units of . It relates measured conductance to specific conductance: .
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59The Daniell cell operating with a finite current is best classified as behaving:
Reversible and irreversible cells
Hard
A.Irreversibly, only if the electrolytes are mixed
B.Reversibly, because both electrodes are metallic
C.Irreversibly, since finite current produces IR drop and polarization
D.Reversibly, since the reaction can be reversed at any current
Correct Answer: Irreversibly, since finite current produces IR drop and polarization
Explanation:
Thermodynamic reversibility requires infinitesimally small (zero) current. At finite current, IR drops and electrode polarization make the actual voltage differ from EMF, so the cell operates irreversibly.
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60During electrolysis of molten , a current of is passed for . The mass of Na deposited at the cathode is (Na = 23, F = 96500 C):
Electrolytic and galvanic cells
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Charge . Moles of electrons . Na Na, so moles Na , mass .
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