1Which of the following Central Government schemes is primarily designed to provide income support to all landholding farmer families in India?
A.PM-FBY (Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana)
B.PM-KISAN (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi)
C.e-NAM (National Agriculture Market)
D.PM-KSY (Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana)
Correct Answer: PM-KISAN (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi)
Explanation:
PM-KISAN is a central sector scheme that provides financial benefit of Rs. 6,000 per year to landholding farmer families, payable in three equal installments.
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2The Soil Health Card (SHC) scheme aims to promote sustainable agriculture by analyzing nutrient content. Which of the following macro-nutrients are primarily assessed?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
The Soil Health Card assesses macro-nutrients Nitrogen (), Phosphorus (), and Potassium (), along with secondary and micro-nutrients, to recommend fertilizer dosage.
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3Which government initiative aims to create a unified national market for agricultural commodities by networking existing APMC mandis?
A.Gramin Haat
B.RKVY
C.Agmarknet
D.e-NAM
Correct Answer: e-NAM
Explanation:
e-NAM (National Agriculture Market) is a pan-India electronic trading portal which networks the existing APMC mandis to create a unified national market for agricultural commodities.
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4In the context of livelihood promotion, what is the primary objective of DAY-NRLM?
A.To provide irrigation facilities
B.To provide crop insurance
C.To subsidize chemical fertilizers
D.To alleviate rural poverty through building sustainable community institutions
Correct Answer: To alleviate rural poverty through building sustainable community institutions
Explanation:
Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) focuses on mobilizing rural poor households into Self Help Groups (SHGs) and providing access to credit and livelihood support.
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5Which institution acts as the apex development bank in India for providing and regulating credit for agriculture and rural development?
A.RBI
B.SBI
C.SEBI
D.NABARD
Correct Answer: NABARD
Explanation:
NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development) is the apex regulatory body for overall regulation of regional rural banks and apex cooperative banks in India.
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6Under the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), what is the premium rate paid by farmers for all Kharif crops?
A.5.0%
B.2.0%
C.1.5%
D.10.0%
Correct Answer: 2.0%
Explanation:
Under PMFBY, there is a uniform premium of only 2.0% to be paid by farmers for all Kharif crops and 1.5% for all Rabi crops.
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7What is the primary role of a Farmer Producer Organization (FPO) in the modern agricultural livelihood system?
A.To provide collective bargaining power and better market linkage
B.To replace agricultural universities
C.To solely distribute free seeds
D.To enforce government laws
Correct Answer: To provide collective bargaining power and better market linkage
Explanation:
FPOs collect small and marginal farmers to give them collective strength (economies of scale) to deal with high input costs and access markets more effectively.
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8Which concept in the 21st-century farming system refers to a production and consumption model that involves sharing, leasing, reusing, repairing, refurbishing, and recycling existing materials?
A.Subsistence Economy
B.Linear Economy
C.Circular Economy
D.Command Economy
Correct Answer: Circular Economy
Explanation:
A Circular Economy aims to eliminate waste and the continual use of resources by closing the loop of product lifecycles, contrasting with the 'take-make-waste' linear model.
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9In a Circular Economy for agriculture, how is crop residue primarily treated?
A.It is discarded as waste
B.It is burned in the field
C.It is converted into bio-energy or compost
D.It is buried in landfills
Correct Answer: It is converted into bio-energy or compost
Explanation:
In a circular approach, crop residue is viewed as a resource to be converted into bio-energy, animal feed, or compost to return nutrients to the soil.
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10Which of the following is a key component of a Green Economy in the context of agriculture?
A.Monoculture farming
B.Low carbon and resource-efficient practices
C.Maximizing synthetic pesticide use
D.Heavy reliance on fossil fuels
Correct Answer: Low carbon and resource-efficient practices
Explanation:
A Green Economy focuses on reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities, aiming for sustainable development without degrading the environment.
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11Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) is based on three main pillars. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
A.Reducing and/or removing greenhouse gas emissions
PMKSY aims to improve on-farm water use efficiency, and 'Per Drop More Crop' is a key component focused on micro-irrigation technologies.
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13Which technology plays a pivotal role in Precision Agriculture by allowing site-specific management of crops?
A.Manual broadcasting of seeds
B.Traditional ploughs
C.Flood irrigation
D.GPS and GIS technologies
Correct Answer: GPS and GIS technologies
Explanation:
Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) allow farmers to map fields and apply inputs (water, fertilizer) precisely where needed.
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14What is the primary function of Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) in the livelihood support system?
A.Providing bank loans
B.Technology assessment and demonstration for application and capacity development
C.Exporting grains
D.Setting market prices
Correct Answer: Technology assessment and demonstration for application and capacity development
Explanation:
KVKs act as knowledge and resource centers for agriculture technology, conducting on-farm testing and frontline demonstrations.
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15Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in agriculture primarily involves:
A.Farmers working for corporations for free
B.Government taxing farmers
C.Selling land to industries
D.Private companies investing a portion of profits into social and environmental development
Correct Answer: Private companies investing a portion of profits into social and environmental development
Explanation:
CSR involves private corporations contributing to societal goals, such as rural development, sustainability, and farmer welfare, often mandated by law in countries like India.
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16The Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) promotes which type of farming?
A.Organic Farming
B.Intensive Chemical Farming
C.Genetically Modified (GM) Farming
D.Hydroponic Farming
Correct Answer: Organic Farming
Explanation:
PKVY is a sub-component of the Soil Health Management (SHM) scheme that specifically promotes organic farming through cluster approaches and PGS certification.
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17In the context of Climate Change Adaptation, what does the term 'resilience' imply?
A.The ability of a system to collapse under stress
B.The total prevention of any weather changes
C.Moving all farming to greenhouses
D.The capacity of a system to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change
Correct Answer: The capacity of a system to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change
Explanation:
Resilience refers to the ability of the agricultural system to withstand shocks (like droughts or floods) and recover or adapt to sustain livelihoods.
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18Which digital technology acts as a distributed ledger to enhance transparency and traceability in the agricultural supply chain?
A.Combine Harvester
B.Sprinkler System
C.Cloud Seeding
D.Blockchain
Correct Answer: Blockchain
Explanation:
Blockchain technology provides a secure, transparent, and immutable record of transactions, allowing consumers to trace the origin and journey of food products.
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19The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) guarantees how many days of wage employment in a financial year?
A.50 days
B.200 days
C.100 days
D.150 days
Correct Answer: 100 days
Explanation:
MGNREGA aims to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.
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20How does Integrated Farming System (IFS) contribute to livelihood security?
A.By using only machinery and no labor
B.By integrating crops, livestock, fishery, etc., to minimize risk and utilize resources efficiently
C.By focusing on a single crop for maximum export
D.By relying entirely on government subsidies
Correct Answer: By integrating crops, livestock, fishery, etc., to minimize risk and utilize resources efficiently
Explanation:
IFS integrates various enterprises (crops, animals, birds, etc.) so that the waste of one becomes the input for another, ensuring income round the year and risk mitigation.
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21The changing lifestyle pattern towards 'Health and Wellness' has significantly increased the demand for which category of crops?
A.Synthetic foods
B.High-sugar processed crops
C.Tobacco and Narcotics
D.Millets and Nutri-cereals
Correct Answer: Millets and Nutri-cereals
Explanation:
With the rise of lifestyle diseases, there is a global shift towards nutritious, gluten-free, and fiber-rich foods like Millets (Shree Anna).
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22What is the role of APEDA (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority) in the support system?
A.Promoting the export of scheduled agricultural products
B.Regulating domestic mandis
C.Providing crop insurance
D.Conducting basic research
Correct Answer: Promoting the export of scheduled agricultural products
Explanation:
APEDA is responsible for export promotion and development of scheduled products such as fruits, vegetables, meat products, and dairy products.
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23Which concept involves the use of sensors, IoT, and data analytics to optimize farming operations?
A.Shifting Cultivation
B.Subsistence Farming
C.Digital Agriculture / Smart Farming
D.Dryland Farming
Correct Answer: Digital Agriculture / Smart Farming
Explanation:
Digital Agriculture involves the integration of advanced digital technologies (IoT, Big Data, AI) into the management of the farm.
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24The Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme aims to provide:
A.Pension after age 60
B.Adequate and timely credit support from the banking system
C.Free land to farmers
D.Subsidies for building houses
Correct Answer: Adequate and timely credit support from the banking system
Explanation:
KCC provides farmers with a single window for banking credit for their cultivation and other needs like post-harvest expenses and consumption requirements.
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25In the context of the Green Economy, what is Carbon Sequestration in agriculture?
A.Using diesel pumps
B.Capture and long-term storage of atmospheric in soil and plants
C.Releasing more into the atmosphere
D.Burning crop residues
Correct Answer: Capture and long-term storage of atmospheric in soil and plants
Explanation:
Carbon sequestration involves practices (like no-till farming, agroforestry) that capture atmospheric carbon dioxide and store it in the soil pool, mitigating climate change.
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26Which of the following best describes Contract Farming?
A.Farmers cultivating government land
B.Agreement between farmers and processing/marketing firms for production and supply
C.Farmers selling directly to consumers at roadside
D.NGOs farming on behalf of the poor
Correct Answer: Agreement between farmers and processing/marketing firms for production and supply
Explanation:
Contract farming involves pre-production agreements between farmers and buyers regarding the quality, quantity, price, and time of delivery of agricultural produce.
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27The Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) was launched to:
A.Incentivize states to increase public investment in agriculture and allied sectors
B.Centralize all decision making
C.Privatize all farms
D.Stop state governments from funding agriculture
Correct Answer: Incentivize states to increase public investment in agriculture and allied sectors
Explanation:
RKVY gives states flexibility and autonomy in planning and executing agriculture schemes, incentivizing them to allocate more funds to the sector.
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28What is the primary benefit of Drone Technology in modern livelihood systems?
A.Transporting heavy machinery
B.Precise application of pesticides/nutrients and crop monitoring
C.Digging deep wells
D.Replacing all human labor
Correct Answer: Precise application of pesticides/nutrients and crop monitoring
Explanation:
Agricultural drones are used for field mapping, crop monitoring, and precise aerial spraying, improving efficiency and reducing chemical exposure.
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29Which term describes the shift of population from rural agricultural livelihoods to urban non-farm sectors, impacting labor availability?
A.Reverse Migration
B.Digitization
C.Urbanization
D.Mechanization
Correct Answer: Urbanization
Explanation:
Urbanization involves the movement of people to cities, which creates a labor shortage in rural agriculture, necessitating mechanization.
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30e-Choupal is a successful example of a private sector initiative by which organization?
A.Reliance Foundation
B.ITC Limited
C.Tata Trust
D.Mahindra & Mahindra
Correct Answer: ITC Limited
Explanation:
ITC's e-Choupal initiative links rural farmers directly with the company via the internet for procurement of produce, providing price discovery and knowledge.
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31The concept of 'Farm-to-Fork' emphasizes:
A.Reducing the intermediaries between the producer and the consumer
B.Lengthening the supply chain
C.Importing all food items
D.Eating only at restaurants
Correct Answer: Reducing the intermediaries between the producer and the consumer
Explanation:
Farm-to-Fork strategies aim to shorten the supply chain, ensuring fresher food for consumers and better price realization for farmers by removing middlemen.
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32Which government scheme focuses specifically on the holistic development of the horticulture sector?
A.BGREI (Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India)
B.NMSA (National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture)
C.NFSM (National Food Security Mission)
D.MIDH (Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture)
Correct Answer: MIDH (Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture)
Explanation:
MIDH constitutes a centrally sponsored scheme for the holistic growth of the horticulture sector covering fruits, vegetables, root & tuber crops, mushrooms, spices, flowers, etc.
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33In a circular economy, 'Waste-to-Wealth' in agriculture includes:
A.Storing grains in open air
B.Dumping manure in rivers
C.Using biogas plants to generate energy from cattle dung
D.Burning plastic mulch in fields
Correct Answer: Using biogas plants to generate energy from cattle dung
Explanation:
Waste-to-Wealth involves converting agricultural waste (like dung) into valuable resources (like biogas energy and slurry for fertilizer).
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34What is the role of Self Help Groups (SHGs) in rural livelihood promotion?
A.They promote thrift, credit discipline, and micro-enterprise development
B.They regulate stock markets
C.They are international trade organizations
D.They are political parties
Correct Answer: They promote thrift, credit discipline, and micro-enterprise development
Explanation:
SHGs are small voluntary associations of poor people who come together to solve their common problems through self-help and mutual help, focusing on savings and credit.
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35Which factor is a major driver for the adoption of Protected Cultivation (Greenhouses/Polyhouses)?
A.Desire to increase water usage
B.Availability of excess land
C.Decrease in market demand
D.Climate variability and the need for year-round production
Correct Answer: Climate variability and the need for year-round production
Explanation:
Protected cultivation controls the micro-environment, protecting crops from adverse climate conditions and allowing production even during off-seasons.
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36The Minimum Support Price (MSP) is recommended by which body?
A.CACP (Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices)
B.FCI (Food Corporation of India)
C.NABARD
D.NITI Aayog
Correct Answer: CACP (Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices)
Explanation:
The CACP recommends MSPs for certain crops to the government, based on factors like cost of production, demand-supply, etc.
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37Which of the following best defines Agri-Tourism?
A.Exporting agricultural goods via tourist flights
B.Farmers traveling to cities for holidays
C.Building hotels on fertile land
D.Tourists visiting working farms for leisure, education, or active involvement
Correct Answer: Tourists visiting working farms for leisure, education, or active involvement
Explanation:
Agri-tourism is a commercial enterprise at a working farm conducted for the enjoyment or education of visitors, generating supplementary income for the farmer.
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38Under the Start-up India initiative, agriculture start-ups (Agri-techs) focus mainly on:
A.Buying land
B.Innovation and technology integration to solve supply chain and yield issues
C.Lobbying for subsidies
D.Traditional manual labor
Correct Answer: Innovation and technology integration to solve supply chain and yield issues
Explanation:
Agri-tech startups leverage technology (Apps, AI, Sensors) to improve efficiency, supply chain transparency, and productivity.
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39What is the significance of GI (Geographical Indication) Tags for agricultural products?
A.It identifies a product as originating from a specific territory with unique qualities
B.It means the product is tax-free
C.It indicates the product is genetically modified
D.It indicates the product is imported
Correct Answer: It identifies a product as originating from a specific territory with unique qualities
Explanation:
GI Tags protect the reputation of local products (e.g., Darjeeling Tea, Basmati Rice) and help farmers get a premium price based on origin-specific quality.
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40Which of the following is an adaptation strategy for water scarcity in agriculture?
A.Flood irrigation
B.Cultivating water-intensive crops like sugarcane in dry areas
C.Rainwater harvesting and Drip irrigation
D.Removing all vegetation cover
Correct Answer: Rainwater harvesting and Drip irrigation
Explanation:
Collecting rainwater and using high-efficiency irrigation systems like Drip are critical adaptation strategies for water-scarce regions.
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41Mera Pani Meri Virasat is a scheme by the Haryana state government primarily to:
A.Encourage flood irrigation
B.Promote fishing
C.Encourage farmers to switch from paddy (water-intensive) to alternative crops
D.Provide free water tankers
Correct Answer: Encourage farmers to switch from paddy (water-intensive) to alternative crops
Explanation:
This state-specific scheme incentivizes farmers to diversify away from water-guzzling paddy to save groundwater.
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42In the context of the 21st-century economy, Bio-economy refers to:
A.Selling biological textbooks
B.Economy based on cryptocurrency
C.Production of renewable biological resources and the conversion of these resources into value-added products
D.Economy driven by fossil fuels
Correct Answer: Production of renewable biological resources and the conversion of these resources into value-added products
Explanation:
Bio-economy encompasses the sustainable production of renewable biological resources and their conversion into food, feed, bio-based products, and bio-energy.
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43The National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) primarily addresses:
A.Export regulations
B.Building highways
C.Making agriculture more productive, sustainable, remunerative, and climate resilient
D.Importing fertilizers
Correct Answer: Making agriculture more productive, sustainable, remunerative, and climate resilient
Explanation:
NMSA is one of the missions under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) focused on sustainable and climate-resilient agriculture.
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44What is the role of Custom Hiring Centers (CHCs)?
A.To store grains
B.To hire lawyers for farmers
C.To hire labor
D.To provide farm machinery on a rental basis to farmers who cannot afford to buy it
Correct Answer: To provide farm machinery on a rental basis to farmers who cannot afford to buy it
Explanation:
CHCs promote mechanization by allowing small and marginal farmers to rent expensive machinery like harvesters and seed drills.
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45Hydroponics is a modern farming technique that involves:
A.Growing plants in soil
B.Growing plants entirely in the dark
C.Growing plants in desert sand
D.Growing plants without soil, using mineral nutrient solutions in an aqueous solvent
Correct Answer: Growing plants without soil, using mineral nutrient solutions in an aqueous solvent
Explanation:
Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without soil, using nutrient-rich water, suitable for urban farming and water conservation.
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46Which organization creates the Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF)?
A.RBI
B.NABARD
C.IMF
D.World Bank
Correct Answer: NABARD
Explanation:
RIDF was instituted in NABARD by the Government of India to provide loans to State Governments for financing rural infrastructure projects.
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47The concept of 'Uberization of Tractors' refers to:
A.Using mobile apps to rent tractors on demand
B.Manufacturing tractors in the US
C.Banning tractors
D.Using tractors as taxis
Correct Answer: Using mobile apps to rent tractors on demand
Explanation:
This refers to the shared economy model (like Uber) applied to farm machinery, where farmers can rent equipment via apps.
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48Which vitamin-enriched rice variety is an example of Bio-fortification to address lifestyle-related malnutrition?
A.Jasmine Rice
B.Brown Rice
C.Basmati Rice
D.Golden Rice
Correct Answer: Golden Rice
Explanation:
Golden Rice is genetically modified to produce beta-carotene (Pro-Vitamin A), addressing Vitamin A deficiency (Bio-fortification).
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49Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) relies on:
A.Imported seeds
B.Natural inputs like cow dung, urine, and jaggery (Jivamrita)
C.Heavy use of urea
D.Costly inputs from the market
Correct Answer: Natural inputs like cow dung, urine, and jaggery (Jivamrita)
Explanation:
ZBNF promotes chemical-free agriculture drawing from traditional Indian practices, aiming for zero cost of production by using on-farm resources.
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50In the context of changing lifestyles, the demand for 'Traceability' means consumers want to know:
A.The chemical formula of the food
B.The name of the truck driver
C.The price of the land
D.The complete journey of the product from farm to table
Correct Answer: The complete journey of the product from farm to table
Explanation:
Traceability ensures food safety and quality assurance by allowing consumers to track the product's history and origin, often facilitated by digital tools.