1Which of the following best describes a specialized farming system?
A.A system involving crop production and livestock raising together
B.A system integrating forestry and fishery exclusively
C.A system where 50% or more income is derived from a single source
D.A system focused solely on subsistence for the family
Correct Answer: A system where 50% or more income is derived from a single source
Explanation:
Specialized farming is defined as a farming enterprise where 50% or more of the gross income is derived from a single source, such as purely dairy or purely sugarcane farming.
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2In the context of Integrated Farming Systems (IFS), what is the primary goal of the circular bio-economy concept?
A.To focus exclusively on monoculture for export
B.To separate livestock from crop production entirely
C.To recycle waste from one component as input for another
D.To maximize external input purchase
Correct Answer: To recycle waste from one component as input for another
Explanation:
The core principle of IFS is the recycling of residues and waste products (e.g., manure, crop residues) from one component to serve as inputs (e.g., fertilizer, feed) for another, reducing costs and environmental impact.
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3Which type of cropping system involves growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land with a definite row arrangement?
A.Intercropping
B.Relay Cropping
C.Mixed Cropping
D.Sequential Cropping
Correct Answer: Intercropping
Explanation:
Intercropping involves growing two or more crops simultaneously with a distinct row arrangement (e.g., 1 row of maize : 2 rows of soybean). Mixed cropping lacks a specific row arrangement.
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4Identify the farming system commonly practiced in hilly regions involving the slashing and burning of vegetation.
A.Hydroponics
B.Jhum (Shifting) Cultivation
C.Ley Farming
D.Precision Farming
Correct Answer: Jhum (Shifting) Cultivation
Explanation:
Jhum or shifting cultivation is a traditional farming system where land is cleared by fire, cultivated for a few years, and then abandoned for regeneration.
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5What is the mathematical expression for Cropping Intensity?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Cropping intensity measures the number of times a field is harvested in a year. The formula is Gross Cropped Area divided by Net Sown Area multiplied by 100.
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6Which breed of cattle is an exotic breed known for high milk production, often used in dairy enterprises?
A.Gir
B.Sahiwal
C.Holstein Friesian
D.Red Sindhi
Correct Answer: Holstein Friesian
Explanation:
Holstein Friesian is an exotic breed originating from the Netherlands, known worldwide for having the highest milk production per lactation.
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7In a piggery-based livelihood system, which of the following is a key economic advantage?
A.High feed conversion efficiency (FCE)
B.Requirement of large grazing lands
C.Low reproductive rate
D.Extremely long gestation period
Correct Answer: High feed conversion efficiency (FCE)
Explanation:
Pigs have a high feed conversion efficiency, meaning they convert feed into body weight more efficiently than many other livestock species, making them economically viable for meat production.
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8Which livestock is often referred to as the 'Poor man's cow' due to its hardiness and low input requirements?
A.Sheep
B.Pig
C.Goat
D.Buffalo
Correct Answer: Goat
Explanation:
Goats are called the 'Poor man's cow' because they provide milk and meat with very low investment, can survive on sparse vegetation, and are suitable for landless or marginal farmers.
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9What is the term for the poultry system where birds are kept inside a house all the time on floor covered with bedding material?
A.Semi-intensive system
B.Backyard poultry
C.Deep litter system
D.Free-range system
Correct Answer: Deep litter system
Explanation:
In the deep litter system, birds are confined within a house on a floor covered with litter materials (like paddy husk or sawdust), which eventually becomes manure.
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10Which of the following is a dual-purpose breed of poultry utilized for both meat and egg production in farming systems?
A.White Leghorn
B.Jersey
C.Cornish
D.Rhode Island Red
Correct Answer: Rhode Island Red
Explanation:
Rhode Island Red is a popular dual-purpose breed. White Leghorn is primarily for eggs (layers), and Cornish is primarily for meat (broilers).
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11In Duck cum Fish farming, what is a primary benefit provided by ducks to the fish pond?
A.Ducks reduce the water level significantly
B.Ducks act as aerators while swimming
C.Ducks consume all the fish fry
D.Ducks require concrete floors inside the pond
Correct Answer: Ducks act as aerators while swimming
Explanation:
Swimming ducks disturb the water surface, facilitating aeration (increasing dissolved oxygen) which is beneficial for fish. Their droppings also fertilize the pond.
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12Which agroforestry system involves the integration of trees with pasture and livestock?
A.Horti-pasture
B.Silvipasture
C.Agri-horticulture
D.Agrisilviculture
Correct Answer: Silvipasture
Explanation:
Silvipasture is an agroforestry system that combines forestry (trees) with pasture (grazing land) and livestock production.
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13Which of the following describes Alley Cropping?
A.Monoculture of timber trees
B.Random mixing of fruit trees and crops
C.Growing trees on boundary bunds only
D.Growing crops in hedgerows of woody shrubs/trees
Correct Answer: Growing crops in hedgerows of woody shrubs/trees
Explanation:
Alley cropping involves growing arable crops in the alleys (spaces) formed by hedgerows of trees or shrubs, which are pruned periodically to provide mulch.
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14What is the primary output of Olericulture within horticultural components?
A.Spices
B.Flowers
C.Vegetables
D.Fruits
Correct Answer: Vegetables
Explanation:
Olericulture is the branch of horticulture dealing with the production, storage, processing, and marketing of vegetables.
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15In a Dairy cum Fish integrated system, what serves as the primary input for the fish pond?
A.Cattle feed
B.Dairy milk
C.Processed cheese
D.Cattle manure/slurry
Correct Answer: Cattle manure/slurry
Explanation:
In Dairy cum Fish farming, cattle manure or biogas slurry acts as an excellent fertilizer for the pond, promoting the growth of plankton which fish eat.
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16Which fish species is a surface feeder commonly used in composite fish culture?
A.Rohu ()
B.Catla ()
C.Mrigal ()
D.Common Carp
Correct Answer: Catla ()
Explanation:
In composite fish culture (polyculture), Catla is the surface feeder, Rohu is the column feeder, and Mrigal/Common Carp are bottom feeders.
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17What is the typical gestation period of a sow (pig)?
A.150 days
B.3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days
C.280 days
D.9 months, 9 days
Correct Answer: 3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days
Explanation:
The gestation period of a pig is approximately 114 days, often remembered mnemonically as 3 months, 3 weeks, and 3 days.
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18Which component constitutes Pomology?
A.Vegetable cultivation
B.Fruit cultivation
C.Flower cultivation
D.Medicinal plant cultivation
Correct Answer: Fruit cultivation
Explanation:
Pomology is the branch of horticulture focused on the cultivation of fruit crops.
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19In a Pig cum Fish system, approximately how many pigs are required to fertilize one hectare of fish pond?
A.5-10
B.30-40
C.500-600
D.100-150
Correct Answer: 30-40
Explanation:
Generally, 30-40 pigs are sufficient to produce enough manure to fertilize one hectare of water area for fish culture without supplementary feeding.
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20Which of the following is a nitrogen-fixing tree often used in agroforestry?
A.Pine
B.Leucaena leucocephala
C.Teak
D.Eucalyptus
Correct Answer: Leucaena leucocephala
Explanation:
Leucaena leucocephala (Subabul) is a fast-growing leguminous tree that fixes atmospheric nitrogen, improving soil fertility in agroforestry systems.
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21The integration of Azolla is most common in which cropping system?
A.Cotton cultivation
B.Wheat cultivation
C.Maize cultivation
D.Rice cultivation
Correct Answer: Rice cultivation
Explanation:
Azolla is a floating fern that hosts nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. It is commonly integrated into rice paddies as a biofertilizer.
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22What is the main advantage of Relay Cropping?
A.Leaving the land fallow for long periods
B.Growing only one crop per year
C.Sowing the second crop before harvesting the first crop to utilize residual moisture
D.Mixing seeds of all crops together
Correct Answer: Sowing the second crop before harvesting the first crop to utilize residual moisture
Explanation:
Relay cropping involves planting a succeeding crop before the harvesting of the standing crop, ensuring efficient use of time and residual soil moisture.
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23Khaki Campbell is a breed of Duck famous for:
A.Fighting ability
B.High meat production
C.Ornamental value
D.High egg production
Correct Answer: High egg production
Explanation:
Khaki Campbell is a highly prolific egg-laying duck breed, capable of laying around 300 eggs per year.
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24In Poultry cum Fish farming, the deep litter (manure) adds which major nutrients to the pond?
A.Only Calcium
B.Only Vitamin C
C.Nitrogen (), Phosphorus (), and Potassium ()
D.Heavy metals
Correct Answer: Nitrogen (), Phosphorus (), and Potassium ()
Explanation:
Poultry droppings are rich in Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Calcium (and Potassium), which stimulate the growth of natural fish food (zooplankton and phytoplankton).
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25Which term describes the practice of growing crops in vertical layers?
A.Horizontal Farming
B.Extensive Farming
C.Shifting Cultivation
D.Vertical Farming
Correct Answer: Vertical Farming
Explanation:
Vertical farming is the practice of growing crops in vertically stacked layers, often in controlled environments.
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26A system combining agricultural crops and forest trees is called:
A.Silvipasture
B.Apiculture
C.Silviculture
D.Agrisilviculture
Correct Answer: Agrisilviculture
Explanation:
Agrisilviculture is the concurrent production of agricultural crops and forest trees on the same unit of land.
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27Which of the following is an example of a modern farming system utilizing soil-less culture?
A.Ranching
B.Dryland farming
C.Jhum cultivation
D.Hydroponics
Correct Answer: Hydroponics
Explanation:
Hydroponics is a modern method of growing plants without soil, using mineral nutrient solutions in an aqueous solvent.
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28In goat farming, the feeding habit of goats is primarily characterized as:
A.Grazing
B.Scavenging
C.Browsing
D.Filter feeding
Correct Answer: Browsing
Explanation:
Goats are natural browsers; they prefer eating leaves, shoots, and twigs of shrubs and bushes rather than grazing on grass like sheep or cattle.
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29What is the purpose of a Windbreak in a farming system?
A.To prevent sunlight from reaching crops
B.To increase wind speed for pollination
C.To stop rain from falling
D.To protect crops/livestock from wind erosion and damage
Correct Answer: To protect crops/livestock from wind erosion and damage
Explanation:
Windbreaks are linear plantings of trees or shrubs designed to reduce wind speed, preventing soil erosion and physical damage to crops.
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30Identify the column feeder fish species in a composite fish culture system.
A.Prawn
B.Rohu
C.Mrigal
D.Catla
Correct Answer: Rohu
Explanation:
Rohu () generally feeds in the middle layer (column) of the water body.
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31Which of the following is a plantation crop often included in farming systems for high economic returns?
A.Rice
B.Rubber
C.Wheat
D.Lentils
Correct Answer: Rubber
Explanation:
Rubber, Tea, Coffee, and Coconut are examples of plantation crops grown on a large scale for commercial purposes.
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32In Poultry farming, birds raised exclusively for meat production are called:
A.Layers
B.Broilers
C.Breeders
D.Pullets
Correct Answer: Broilers
Explanation:
Broilers are chickens raised specifically for meat production, usually reaching market weight in 5-7 weeks. Layers are for eggs.
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33What does IFS stand for in the context of livelihood systems?
A.Integrated Farming System
B.Internal Fertilization System
C.International Farming Standard
D.Intensive Farming Structure
Correct Answer: Integrated Farming System
Explanation:
IFS stands for Integrated Farming System, a holistic approach combining multiple farm enterprises.
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34Which pig breed is widely known as a high-quality meat producer in modern piggery units?
A.Large White Yorkshire
B.Ghungroo
C.Local Desi
D.Niang Megha
Correct Answer: Large White Yorkshire
Explanation:
Large White Yorkshire is an exotic breed extensively used for crossbreeding and commercial meat production due to its fast growth and good meat quality.
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35The practice of aquaculture involves:
A.Processing of tinned tuna
B.Farming of aquatic organisms (fish, crustaceans, mollusks)
C.Growing rice in dry fields
D.Deep sea fishing only
Correct Answer: Farming of aquatic organisms (fish, crustaceans, mollusks)
Explanation:
Aquaculture refers to the breeding, rearing, and harvesting of fish, shellfish, algae, and other organisms in all types of water environments.
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36Which represents a Mixed Farming system?
A.Livestock rearing + Banking
B.Crop production + Stone quarrying
C.Only Wheat production
D.Crop production + Livestock rearing
Correct Answer: Crop production + Livestock rearing
Explanation:
Mixed farming is a system where crop production and livestock rearing are carried out simultaneously on the same farm.
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37Why is lime () added to fish ponds in integrated systems?
A.To lower the pH drastically
B.To kill the fish
C.To correct acidity and sanitize the pond bottom
D.To make the water cloudy
Correct Answer: To correct acidity and sanitize the pond bottom
Explanation:
Liming helps in neutralizing soil/water acidity, improving nutrient availability, and disinfecting the pond bottom.
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38What is the primary role of Floriculture?
A.Production of timber
B.Production of cereals
C.Production of flowers and ornamental plants
D.Production of fodder
Correct Answer: Production of flowers and ornamental plants
Explanation:
Floriculture deals with the cultivation of flowering and ornamental plants for gardens and floristry.
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39In Duckery, which housing system involves keeping ducks in a house at night and letting them out to runs/ponds during the day?
A.Intensive system
B.Battery cage system
C.Semi-intensive system
D.Tethering
Correct Answer: Semi-intensive system
Explanation:
The semi-intensive system combines housing (protection at night) with access to an open run or pond during the day.
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40What is a major constraint of Traditional Farming systems?
A.Low productivity and high dependency on monsoon
B.High dependency on fossil fuels
C.Excessive use of chemical fertilizers
D.Total mechanization
Correct Answer: Low productivity and high dependency on monsoon
Explanation:
Traditional systems often rely on rainfall and manual labor, leading to lower productivity compared to modern intensive systems.
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41Which component is essential for a Home Garden (Homestead) livelihood system?
A.Multi-storey arrangement of crops/trees near the dwelling
B.Heavy industrial machinery
C.Commercial fish trawlers
D.Monoculture of wheat far from the house
Correct Answer: Multi-storey arrangement of crops/trees near the dwelling
Explanation:
Home gardens are characterized by a multi-layered mixture of crops, trees, and sometimes livestock located close to the family home for subsistence and income.
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42In Dairy farming, 'Colostrum' feeding to the newborn calf is vital because:
A.It is tasty
B.It reduces the body temperature
C.It stops the calf from growing too fast
D.It provides immunity (antibodies) and acts as a laxative
Correct Answer: It provides immunity (antibodies) and acts as a laxative
Explanation:
Colostrum is the first milk produced; it is rich in immunoglobulins (antibodies) essential for the calf's immune system and helps clear the gut.
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43Which is a characteristic of Organic Farming components?
A.Hydroponic culture with chemical solutions
B.Use of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
C.Heavy use of synthetic pesticides
D.Exclusion of synthetic inputs and reliance on crop rotations/manures
Correct Answer: Exclusion of synthetic inputs and reliance on crop rotations/manures
Explanation:
Organic farming strictly restricts synthetic chemicals and GMOs, relying on ecological processes, biodiversity, and cycles adapted to local conditions.
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44In Rabbit farming (often considered a micro-livestock component), the act of eating their own soft night faeces is called:
A.Regurgitation
B.Rumination
C.Browsing
D.Coprophagy
Correct Answer: Coprophagy
Explanation:
Rabbits practice coprophagy (eating cecotropes) to re-absorb nutrients like Vitamin B and proteins that were not absorbed the first time.
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45For horticultural crops, 'pruning' is primarily done to:
A.Kill the plant
B.Remove all leaves
C.Maintain shape and improve fruit quality
D.Increase root depth
Correct Answer: Maintain shape and improve fruit quality
Explanation:
Pruning involves the selective removal of plant parts to improve structure, light penetration, and fruit quality.
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46Which of the following describes Taungya system in agroforestry?
A.Permanent pasture land
B.Growing orchards only
C.Raising agricultural crops during the early stages of establishing a forest plantation
D.Fish farming in forest ponds
Correct Answer: Raising agricultural crops during the early stages of establishing a forest plantation
Explanation:
Taungya is a system where farmers are allowed to cultivate crops between rows of young forest seedlings until the tree canopy closes.
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47In Cattle-Fish integration, the cattle shed is best located:
A.In the middle of the city
B.Directly over or adjacent to the pond embankment
C.Underground
D.5 km away from the pond
Correct Answer: Directly over or adjacent to the pond embankment
Explanation:
Locating the shed near or over the pond facilitates the direct drainage of washings and urine into the pond, saving labor for transport.
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48What is the recommended protein content range for Broiler starter feed?
A.20-23%
B.40-50%
C.80-90%
D.5-10%
Correct Answer: 20-23%
Explanation:
Broilers require high protein for rapid muscle growth, typically around 22-23% in the starter phase.
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49Which integrated system is most efficient for utilizing kitchen waste in a household level?
A.Backyard Poultry/Piggery
B.Tea plantation
C.Deep sea fishing
D.Large scale wheat farming
Correct Answer: Backyard Poultry/Piggery
Explanation:
Backyard livestock (pigs or poultry) are excellent converters of kitchen waste and leftovers into meat/eggs.
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50The cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants falls under which broad component?
A.Animal Husbandry
B.Agronomy
C.Fisheries
D.Horticulture
Correct Answer: Horticulture
Explanation:
Horticulture includes pomology, olericulture, floriculture, and plantation crops, as well as medicinal and aromatic plants.