Unit 3: Positive Traits - Practice Quiz

PSY292 — Positive Psychology 50 Questions
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1 In the context of personality psychology, what is the primary definition of a trait?

A. A relatively stable and consistent characteristic that causes individuals to behave in certain ways
B. A temporary mood state influenced by the immediate environment
C. A skill that is learned exclusively through formal education
D. A biological reflex that occurs without conscious thought

2 Which psychologist is credited with distinguishing between cardinal, central, and secondary traits?

A. Gordon Allport
B. Raymond Cattell
C. Sigmund Freud
D. Hans Eysenck

3 According to the Big Five personality theory, which acronym represents the five major dimensions?

A. BIRCH
B. RIVER
C. OCEAN
D. GREAT

4 In the Big Five model, a person who is organized, dependable, and disciplined would likely score high in:

A. Agreeableness
B. Neuroticism
C. Conscientiousness
D. Openness

5 Raymond Cattell used a statistical technique called factor analysis to identify how many source traits?

A. 24
B. 16
C. 5
D. 3

6 Hans Eysenck's PEN model focuses on which three dimensions?

A. Perception, Empathy, Novelty
B. Psychoticism, Extraversion, Neuroticism
C. Passivity, Emotion, Narcissism
D. Patience, Energy, Negativity

7 The VIA Classification of Character Strengths was developed primarily by:

A. Watson and Skinner
B. Peterson and Seligman
C. Maslow and Rogers
D. Freud and Jung

8 How many core virtues are identified in the VIA Classification system?

A. 6
B. 24
C. 4
D. 10

9 In the VIA classification, which virtue includes the strengths of love, kindness, and social intelligence?

A. Justice
B. Temperance
C. Humanity
D. Courage

10 According to Gallup's CliftonStrengths, a strength is calculated using which conceptual formula?

A.
B.
C.
D.

11 Which of the following describes a signature strength?

A. A strength that creates a sense of ownership, excitement, and authenticity when used
B. A trait that causes distress to others
C. A strength that a person possesses but rarely uses
D. A skill learned purely for professional advancement

12 In the context of forgiveness, decisional forgiveness is best described as:

A. Forgetting that the transgression ever happened
B. The replacement of negative emotions with positive emotions toward the offender
C. A behavioral intention to resist an unforgiving stance and to respond differently toward a transgressor
D. Accepting an apology only after restitution is made

13 Which of the following is NOT a component of true forgiveness in positive psychology?

A. Giving up the right to revenge
B. Condoning or excusing the bad behavior
C. Letting go of resentment
D. Canceling the debt

14 Worthington’s REACH model of forgiveness stands for:

A. Resent, Express, Attack, Calm, Harmony
B. React, Emotion, Action, Control, Hope
C. Recall, Evaluate, Accept, Change, Heal
D. Recall, Empathize, Altruistic gift, Commit, Hold on

15 In the REACH model, what does the 'H' stand for?

A. Hold on to forgiveness
B. Hide the pain
C. Help the offender
D. Heal the wound

16 Gratitude is traditionally defined as:

A. A general sense of optimism about the future
B. A feeling of superiority over others
C. Recognizing that one has obtained a positive outcome from an external source
D. Self-satisfaction with one's own achievements

17 Emmons and McCullough (2003) found that keeping a gratitude journal resulted in:

A. Better sleep duration and quality, and higher positive affect
B. Decreased motivation to achieve goals
C. Increased anxiety regarding social debts
D. No significant changes in psychological well-being

18 Which intervention involves writing down three things that went well during the day and why they went well?

A. The REACH method
B. The Best Possible Self
C. The Three Good Things exercise
D. The Forgiveness Letter

19 As a moral affect, gratitude serves which three functions according to McCullough?

A. Signal, Action, Reward
B. Initiator, Sustainer, Terminator
C. Barometer, Motive, Reinforcer
D. Judge, Jury, Executioner

20 In Snyder’s Hope Theory, what is Agency?

A. The perceived capacity to use one's pathways to reach desired goals
B. The outcome of the goal itself
C. The external support provided by others
D. The specific route to a goal

21 In Snyder’s Hope Theory, what are Pathways?

A. The perceived ability to generate routes to desired goals
B. The genetic disposition for optimism
C. The emotional reaction to failure
D. The willpower to succeed

22 Martin Seligman’s concept of Explanatory Style explains optimism in terms of how people interpret:

A. The causes of bad events
B. Their genetic makeup
C. Past habits
D. Future dreams

23 An optimistic explanatory style attributes negative events to causes that are:

A. External, Unstable, and Specific
B. External, Stable, and Global
C. Internal, Stable, and Global
D. Internal, Unstable, and Specific

24 Who is the primary researcher associated with Self-Efficacy theory?

A. Abraham Maslow
B. Martin Seligman
C. Carl Rogers
D. Albert Bandura

25 Self-efficacy differs from self-esteem in that:

A. Self-efficacy is about global self-worth, while self-esteem is task-specific
B. Self-efficacy is about capability in specific tasks, while self-esteem is about global self-worth
C. Self-efficacy is genetic, while self-esteem is learned
D. There is no difference; they are synonyms

26 Which of the following is the most effective source of building self-efficacy?

A. Verbal persuasion
B. Physiological states
C. Vicarious experiences
D. Mastery experiences

27 Scheier and Carver define dispositional optimism as:

A. A global expectation that good things will happen in the future
B. A state of high energy and extraversion
C. A specific belief about one's ability to handle stress
D. The ability to ignore negative information

28 The Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) is a scale designed to measure:

A. Introversion
B. Forgiveness
C. Optimism
D. Gratitude

29 In the VIA classification, Creativity, Curiosity, and Love of Learning fall under which virtue?

A. Courage
B. Justice
C. Transcendence
D. Wisdom

30 Which virtue in the VIA system involves strengths that protect against excess, such as Forgiveness, Humility, and Self-Regulation?

A. Courage
B. Temperance
C. Justice
D. Humanity

31 A person who scores high on Neuroticism in the Big Five model is likely to experience:

A. Anxiety, moodiness, and sadness
B. A strong desire for novelty
C. A high degree of sociability
D. Emotional stability and calmness

32 The Enright Forgiveness Process Model includes which of the following phases?

A. Resentment, Revenge, restitution, Reconciliation
B. Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Acceptance
C. Thinking, Feeling, Acting, Being
D. Uncovering, Decision, Work, Deepening

33 Research suggests that gratitude inhibits which negative state, often called the 'thief of joy'?

A. Love
B. Envy/Social Comparison
C. Humility
D. Curiosity

34 Which of the following describes Trait Gratitude?

A. Being thankful for a specific gift received yesterday
B. A temporary feeling of appreciation after a meal
C. Saying 'thank you' out of politeness without feeling it
D. A generalized tendency to recognize and respond with emotion to the role of other people's benevolence

35 Which character strength involves the ability to find new ways to solve problems or create things?

A. Prudence
B. Zest
C. Creativity
D. Judgment

36 What is the relationship between Forgiveness and Reconciliation?

A. Forgiveness requires the offender to apologize, reconciliation does not
B. Reconciliation is required for forgiveness to occur
C. Forgiveness is an internal process, while reconciliation involves restoring the relationship
D. They are the same thing

37 The belief that intelligence and personality are changeable traits is known as:

A. Learned Helplessness
B. Fixed Mindset
C. Growth Mindset
D. Trait Stability

38 Which Big Five trait is most strongly correlated with Curiosity and Creativity?

A. Conscientiousness
B. Extraversion
C. Openness to Experience
D. Agreeableness

39 In the context of Personal Strengths, Transcendence connects the individual to:

A. Detailed logical analysis
B. Physical health
C. Something larger than oneself (universe, meaning, God)
D. Financial success

40 What is Learned Helplessness?

A. The belief that one has full control over outcomes
B. The passive resignation produced by repeated exposure to negative events that are perceived as unavoidable
C. The process of asking for assistance in difficult tasks
D. A technique used to gain sympathy from others

41 According to Bandura, Vicarious Experience influences self-efficacy when:

A. We feel physically strong
B. We receive verbal encouragement
C. We experience success ourselves
D. We observe people similar to us succeed

42 The strength of Zest (or Vitality) refers to:

A. Approaching life with excitement and energy
B. The ability to sleep for long periods
C. Physical strength and lifting ability
D. Eating healthy foods

43 Which of the following is considered a secondary trait according to Allport?

A. A preference that only appears in specific situations (e.g., getting anxious only when public speaking)
B. A general characteristic found in some degree in every person
C. A trait that dominates a person's entire life (e.g., Christ-like)
D. A biological instinct

44 The Gallup Organization focuses its strength research primarily on:

A. Clinical pathology
B. Workplace engagement and talent usage
C. Spirituality and religion
D. Correcting weaknesses

45 Which positive belief is defined as 'the ability to wait for a reward or to suppress an impulse'?

A. Optimism
B. Self-Regulation (or Self-Control)
C. Self-Efficacy
D. Hope

46 In the context of the Big Five, Agreeableness involves:

A. Being assertive and talkative
B. Being compassionate, cooperative, and trusting
C. Being intellectually curious
D. Being organized and dutiful

47 Physical health benefits associated with forgiveness include:

A. Increased blood pressure
B. Lowered heart rate and blood pressure
C. Increased cortisol levels
D. Decreased immune system function

48 The 'Broaden-and-Build' theory, often applied to positive traits and emotions, was proposed by:

A. Barbara Fredrickson
B. Martin Seligman
C. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
D. Ed Diener

49 When defining traits, the Person-Situation Debate (associated with Walter Mischel) argued that:

A. Behavior is often more dependent on specific situational cues than on stable personality traits
B. Behavior is determined entirely by genetics
C. Personality does not exist
D. Traits are the only predictor of behavior

50 Which of the following is an example of Hope's 'Waypower' (Pathways)?

A. "I will study the textbook and join a study group to get an A."
B. "It would be nice to get an A."
C. "I really want to get an A."
D. "I am smart enough to get an A."