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Unit 5 - Practice Quiz

FST802 60 Questions
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1 What is the traditional tie-and-dye textile art of Rajasthan commonly called?

Major textiles of Rajasthan Easy
A. Chikankari
B. Kalamkari
C. Ikat
D. Bandhani

2 Which of the following is a famous wave-like pattern commonly seen in Rajasthani tie-and-dye fabrics?

Major textiles of Rajasthan Easy
A. Bagh
B. Kantha
C. Phulkari
D. Leheriya

3 Sanganeri prints of Rajasthan are predominantly famous for using which type of motifs?

Major textiles of Rajasthan Easy
A. Abstract art
B. Geometric shapes
C. Animal portraits
D. Floral patterns

4 Which textile from Rajasthan is known for its lightweight, sheer fabric with a distinct square or checkered pattern?

Major textiles of Rajasthan Easy
A. Chanderi
B. Kanjeevaram
C. Banarasi Silk
D. Kota Doria

5 Bagru printing, a traditional textile art from Rajasthan, is particularly known for its use of:

Major textiles of Rajasthan Easy
A. Heavy gold embroidery
B. Synthetic neon colors
C. Plastic beads
D. Natural and vegetable dyes

6 What is 'Gota Patti' in the context of Rajasthani textiles?

Major textiles of Rajasthan Easy
A. An applique embroidery using gold or silver ribbon
B. A type of wool
C. A natural dye extracted from leaves
D. A weaving machine

7 Which city is considered one of the primary hubs for traditional block printing like Sanganeri and Bagru?

Major textiles of Rajasthan Easy
A. Jaisalmer
B. Udaipur
C. Jaipur
D. Bikaner

8 Which city in Rajasthan is famous worldwide for its 'Blue Pottery'?

art and crafts of Rajasthan Easy
A. Jodhpur
B. Jaipur
C. Bikaner
D. Ajmer

9 What is the traditional string puppet art of Rajasthan called?

art and crafts of Rajasthan Easy
A. Kathputli
B. Pavakoothu
C. Gombeyatta
D. Tholu Bommalata

10 Phad painting is a traditional Rajasthani art form usually done on which of the following materials?

art and crafts of Rajasthan Easy
A. Wooden blocks
B. Glass
C. Canvas or cloth
D. Marble

11 Which Rajasthani craft involves the intricate process of enameling colors onto metal surfaces, especially gold?

art and crafts of Rajasthan Easy
A. Meenakari
B. Bidriware
C. Tarkashi
D. Dhokra

12 The 'Usta' art of Bikaner, characterized by gold embossing and colorful miniature paintings, is traditionally done on what surface?

art and crafts of Rajasthan Easy
A. Silk cloth
B. Terracotta pots
C. Camel leather
D. Copper plates

13 The Kishangarh school of painting is most famous for the portrait of which iconic figure?

art and crafts of Rajasthan Easy
A. Mona Lisa
B. Meerabai
C. Bani Thani
D. Rani Padmini

14 Traditional Rajasthani footwear, often highly embroidered and made from leather, is known as:

art and crafts of Rajasthan Easy
A. Khadaun
B. Kolhapuri
C. Peshawari
D. Mojari

15 Which popular folk dance of Rajasthan is traditionally performed by women wearing swirling skirts?

an overview of culture of Rajasthan Easy
A. Ghoomar
B. Lavani
C. Bhangra
D. Garba

16 What is the signature traditional dish of Rajasthan?

an overview of culture of Rajasthan Easy
A. Dhokla
B. Makki ki Roti and Sarson ka Saag
C. Litti Chokha
D. Dal Baati Churma

17 Which world-famous annual fair in Rajasthan attracts thousands of tourists for its large-scale trading of livestock, especially camels?

an overview of culture of Rajasthan Easy
A. Surajkund Mela
B. Pushkar Fair
C. Kumbh Mela
D. Sonepur Mela

18 What is the traditional headgear worn by men in Rajasthan, which varies in style according to region and caste?

an overview of culture of Rajasthan Easy
A. Fez
B. Topi
C. Safa or Pagari (Turban)
D. Mundu

19 Which major festival, celebrating the onset of spring and marital fidelity, is widely celebrated by women in Rajasthan with processions of Goddess Parvati?

an overview of culture of Rajasthan Easy
A. Gangaur
B. Onam
C. Pongal
D. Bihu

20 Which of the following forts is a prominent symbol of Rajput culture and architecture located in the capital city of Rajasthan?

an overview of culture of Rajasthan Easy
A. Red Fort
B. Gwalior Fort
C. Golconda Fort
D. Amer Fort

21 Which of the following characteristics correctly distinguishes Bagru block printing from Sanganeri block printing?

Major textiles of Rajasthan Medium
A. Bagru is famous for tie-and-dye techniques, while Sanganeri is exclusively block-printed.
B. Bagru prints typically use a white or pale background, while Sanganeri uses dark backgrounds.
C. Sanganeri printing relies heavily on the 'Dabu' mud-resist technique, whereas Bagru does not.
D. Bagru prints predominantly use natural dyes with dark backgrounds like indigo and red, whereas Sanganeri prints traditionally use white or off-white backgrounds.

22 A textile from Rajasthan is known for its distinctive square checkered patterns called 'khats'. The fabric is extremely lightweight and usually woven with a blend of cotton and silk. Identify the textile.

Major textiles of Rajasthan Medium
A. Kota Doria
B. Bandhani
C. Mothara
D. Leheriya

23 In the context of Rajasthani tie-and-dye, how does the 'Mothara' pattern technically differ from a standard 'Leheriya' pattern?

Major textiles of Rajasthan Medium
A. Leheriya uses exclusively floral motifs, whereas Mothara features geometric dots.
B. Mothara is created using mud-resist printing, while Leheriya uses thread-tying.
C. Mothara is a form of embroidery added on top of a Leheriya dyed fabric.
D. Mothara features intersecting diagonal lines creating a checkered pattern, whereas Leheriya has parallel diagonal stripes.

24 The 'Dabu' printing technique of Rajasthan is best described as which type of process?

Major textiles of Rajasthan Medium
A. A mud-resist block printing technique where paste is applied to prevent dye penetration.
B. A direct block printing technique using only synthetic colors.
C. An embroidery technique using gold and silver wires.
D. A weaving style that interlocks silk and zari threads.

25 Ajrakh printing, notably practiced in Barmer, Rajasthan, is characterized by its complex geometric patterns. Which natural ingredient is primarily used to achieve its signature deep red color?

Major textiles of Rajasthan Medium
A. Alizarin (Madder)
B. Pomegranate peel
C. Turmeric
D. Indigo

26 The famous Blue Pottery of Jaipur stands out from most other Indian pottery because of a unique material characteristic. What is it?

Art and crafts of Rajasthan Medium
A. It is made entirely without the use of clay.
B. It incorporates crushed terracotta to achieve its blue hue.
C. It uses only natural cobalt mined locally in Jaipur.
D. It is fired at extremely low temperatures.

27 The 'Thewa' art form of Pratapgarh involves an intricate process that combines which two primary materials?

Art and crafts of Rajasthan Medium
A. Silver wire and dark wood
B. Terracotta and mirror fragments
C. Camel bone and lacquer
D. 23-carat gold and colored glass

28 Which school of Rajasthani miniature painting is renowned for its elongated facial features, arched eyebrows, and the famous masterpiece 'Bani Thani'?

Art and crafts of Rajasthan Medium
A. Kishangarh School
B. Mewar School
C. Dhundhar School
D. Marwar School

29 Usta Art, a specialized craft originating from Bikaner, is predominantly executed on which of the following canvases?

Art and crafts of Rajasthan Medium
A. Silk cloth
B. Sandalwood
C. Marble
D. Camel hide

30 Phad paintings are long scroll paintings traditionally used as a visual backdrop by the 'Bhopas'. Which narrative is primarily depicted in these artworks?

Art and crafts of Rajasthan Medium
A. The royal lineage and courtly lives of the Rajput kings.
B. The agricultural festivals and seasonal cycles of the Thar desert.
C. The epic tales of the Mahabharata and Ramayana exclusively.
D. The heroic deeds of local folk deities like Pabuji and Devnarayan.

31 Which of the following accurately describes 'Meenakari', a craft heavily patronized by the royals of Jaipur?

Art and crafts of Rajasthan Medium
A. The art of inlaying fine brass or copper wire into wood.
B. The carving of intricate geometric patterns into sandstone.
C. The process of enameling metal surfaces with vibrant colors.
D. The hand-painting of intricate motifs on ivory.

32 The wooden craft of 'Kavad' is native to the Bassi village of Rajasthan. How is a Kavad primarily utilized in Rajasthani culture?

Art and crafts of Rajasthan Medium
A. As a portable, multi-doored wooden shrine used for storytelling.
B. As an interlocking puzzle box used to store royal jewelry.
C. As a highly decorated musical instrument for folk dancers.
D. As a structural pillar for traditional homes.

33 The 'Kalbelia' dance, recognized by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage, is primarily performed by a community traditionally associated with which occupation?

An overview of culture of Rajasthan Medium
A. Weaving
B. Snake charming
C. Blacksmithing
D. Camel herding

34 The Gangaur festival is one of the most important celebrations in Rajasthan. What does the term 'Gangaur' signify in this context?

An overview of culture of Rajasthan Medium
A. 'Gan' refers to the holy river Ganges and 'Gaur' refers to purity.
B. 'Gan' refers to Lord Ganesha and 'Gaur' refers to wealth.
C. 'Gan' refers to the village elders and 'Gaur' refers to the harvest.
D. 'Gan' refers to Lord Shiva and 'Gaur' refers to Goddess Parvati.

35 Manganiars and Langas are two prominent communities in the cultural landscape of Rajasthan. Which of the following best defines their cultural contribution?

An overview of culture of Rajasthan Medium
A. They are martial artists known for their sword-dancing skills.
B. They are the primary artisans of block-printed textiles.
C. They are hereditary communities of folk musicians.
D. They are the traditional architects of Rajputana forts.

36 Ghoomar is a traditional folk dance of Rajasthan. Which of the following statements about its origins and performance is correct?

An overview of culture of Rajasthan Medium
A. It originated among the Bhil tribe and is performed by women moving in circular patterns.
B. It is a devotional dance performed in front of the deity Shrinathji by male priests.
C. It was introduced to Rajasthan by the Mughals and features intricate footwork with ankle bells.
D. It is a martial dance performed exclusively by Rajput men.

37 Which of the following architectural features is commonly found in Rajasthani culture to serve as a memorial or cenotaph for royalty and warriors?

An overview of culture of Rajasthan Medium
A. Baoli
B. Chhatri
C. Kunda
D. Jharokha

38 The Pushkar Fair is an annual multi-day cultural and commercial event. Aside from the trading of livestock, what major religious significance does the fair hold?

An overview of culture of Rajasthan Medium
A. It celebrates the birthplace of Lord Krishna.
B. It commemorates the victory of Goddess Durga over Mahishasura.
C. It marks the day Lord Brahma performed a yagna at the Pushkar Lake.
D. It is the primary site of the Kumbh Mela in Western India.

39 The 'Kamaicha' and 'Khartal' are highly integral to the folk culture of western Rajasthan. What are they?

An overview of culture of Rajasthan Medium
A. Traditional weapons used in martial dances.
B. Tools used in the tie-and-dye textile process.
C. Headgears worn by Rajasthani grooms.
D. Traditional musical instruments used by folk musicians.

40 Pichwai paintings, an intricate art form of Rajasthan, serve a specific traditional purpose. What is the primary function of a Pichwai?

Art and crafts of Rajasthan Medium
A. To wrap the holy scriptures of the Bishnoi community.
B. To decorate the exterior walls of rural mud houses.
C. To serve as an illustrated manuscript for royal decrees.
D. To be hung as a backdrop behind the idol of Lord Shrinathji in Nathdwara.

41 When distinguishing between Sanganeri and Bagru block prints of Rajasthan, which of the following technical and aesthetic combinations correctly identifies the core differences in their traditional production methods?

Major textiles of Rajasthan Hard
A. Both Sanganeri and Bagru employ the exact same mordanting process, but Sanganeri exclusively uses chemical dyes while Bagru maintains a natural dye constraint.
B. Sanganeri utilizes a mud-resist technique (Dabu) on dark backgrounds, whereas Bagru focuses on direct printing on bright white backgrounds.
C. Sanganeri prints are characterized by large geometric patterns resembling architecture, whereas Bagru exclusively features fine floral 'butis' without the use of resist printing.
D. Bagru relies heavily on the 'Dabu' mud-resist process to print light motifs on dark backgrounds, whereas Sanganeri traditionally uses calico printing techniques directly on off-white or pure white grounds.

42 Jaipur Blue Pottery is considered unique among Indian pottery traditions. What specific metallurgical and compositional characteristic sets it apart from other traditional pottery forms?

art and crafts of Rajasthan Hard
A. It completely eschews the use of standard river clay, relying instead on a dough made of quartz powder, green glass, fuller's earth (Multani Mitti), borax, and gum.
B. It integrates finely crushed blue sapphire and cobalt into a standard terracotta base before the primary firing.
C. It is purely unglazed pottery where the blue color is achieved through a post-firing chemical reaction with atmospheric oxygen.
D. It is fired at extremely high temperatures () to vitrify standard river clay, giving it a translucent appearance.

43 The Gavari dance-drama is a quintessential cultural expression of the Bhil tribe in the Mewar region. Which of the following statements inaccurately represents the socio-religious constraints and thematic elements of this performance?

an overview of culture of Rajasthan Hard
A. It is a 40-day festival celebrated post-monsoon, strictly performed by male members who also enact the female roles.
B. During the festival, performers abstain from eating green vegetables, sleeping on beds, and wearing footwear.
C. The central narrative exclusively depicts the historical military conquests of Maharana Pratap against the Mughal Empire.
D. The primary religious focus of the performance is the devotion to Lord Shiva and his consort Parvati, locally revered as Gauri.

44 In the traditional tie-and-dye (Bandhani) textiles of Rajasthan, the 'Mothara' technique represents an advanced variation of 'Leheriya'. How is the Mothara pattern specifically achieved?

Major textiles of Rajasthan Hard
A. By block-printing small mustard seed-sized dots over a pre-dyed Leheriya fabric using metallic gold pigments.
B. By weaving metallic Zari threads into the fabric prior to applying a single diagonal tie-dye resist.
C. By applying a wax resist on the fabric before dipping it into an indigo vat, creating large circular motifs.
D. By repeatedly re-tying and dyeing diagonal stripes in opposing directions to create a fine checkered or intersecting grid pattern.

45 Pichwai paintings, originating from Nathdwara, are deeply intertwined with the Pushtimarg sect. Which of the following best synthesizes the primary function and iconographic principles of an authentic -century style Pichwai?

art and crafts of Rajasthan Hard
A. They are miniature paintings primarily intended for illuminated manuscripts detailing the lineage of Mewar kings.
B. They serve as architectural blueprints for constructing Vaishnavite temples, predominantly utilizing geometric mandalas.
C. They are painted directly onto the walls of Havelis to narrate the epic of Pabuji, intended to be sung by nomadic bards.
D. They act as elaborate backdrops for the idol of Shrinathji, with motifs and color palettes rigorously changing to reflect specific festivals, seasons, and times of day.

46 Analyze the musical traditions of the Manganiyar and Langa communities of western Rajasthan. Despite their similarities as hereditary Muslim musicians patronized by Hindu Rajputs, they are distinguished by their primary instruments. Which pairing is correct?

an overview of culture of Rajasthan Hard
A. Manganiyar: Poongi ; Langa: Khartal
B. Manganiyar: Ravanhatta ; Langa: Morchang
C. Manganiyar: Kamaicha ; Langa: Sindhi Sarangi
D. Manganiyar: Sindhi Sarangi ; Langa: Algoza

47 Kota Doria, a GI-tagged textile from Rajasthan, features a distinct square-check pattern known as 'Khat'. From a technical weaving perspective, how is a traditional Khat pattern formulated?

Major textiles of Rajasthan Hard
A. By embroidering purely metallic silver threads (Zari) over a plain muslin cloth in a strict geometric grid.
B. By weaving a combination of $14$ yarns—specifically $8$ cotton yarns and $6$ silk yarns—in both the warp and weft to create translucent and opaque squares.
C. By painting grid lines using a mud resist before the fabric is handwoven on a pit loom.
D. By utilizing heavily starched synthetic threads exclusively in the weft while leaving the warp entirely tension-free.

48 Thewa Art, an exclusive craft of the Rajsoni family in Pratapgarh, involves a highly specialized metallurgical process. What is the fundamental technique that defines authentic Thewa Art?

art and crafts of Rajasthan Hard
A. The damascening of silver wire into an iron or steel base, followed by oxidation to turn the background black.
B. The inlay of semiprecious stones into white marble, secured using an adhesive made of heated lac and zinc.
C. The meticulous fusing of intricately pierced $23$-carat gold foil onto a background of vibrant, colored glass.
D. The embossing of $24$-carat gold onto camel leather, which is then painted with translucent vegetable dyes.

49 Which of the following statements provides the most accurate synthesis of the architectural and socio-religious significance of the 'Baoris' (stepwells) of Rajasthan, such as the Chand Baori in Abhaneri?

an overview of culture of Rajasthan Hard
A. They functioned solely as royal swimming pools, strictly utilizing Persian architectural arches while rejecting local Rajput geometric layouts.
B. They served a dual purpose: as critical water conservation systems in arid regions and as subterranean temples reflecting Gurjara-Pratihara architectural complexity and geometric precision.
C. They were natural, uncarved subterranean caves repurposed by the Bhil tribes as temporary shelters during extreme summer droughts.
D. They were built exclusively by the Mughal emperors as military defense bunkers and completely lacked any Hindu iconography or religious shrines.

50 Usta Art is a magnificent craft originating from Bikaner. Which sequence of processes best describes the creation of traditional Usta artwork?

art and crafts of Rajasthan Hard
A. Molding camel leather into shapes, applying a base of clay and brick powder (munawwati), embossing with gold foil, and finishing with fine miniature painting.
B. Firing quartz powder at , painting it with cobalt oxide, and applying a transparent lead glaze.
C. Stiffening cotton cloth with tamarind paste, painting it with natural dyes to depict local deities, and rolling it on bamboo scrolls.
D. Carving pure sandalwood blocks, inlaying them with brass wire (tarkashi), and varnishing with tree sap.

51 The production of Ajrakh textiles in the Barmer region involves a highly complex, multi-stage process. A critical step involves the use of a resist paste known as 'Kachura'. In the context of double-sided Ajrakh printing, what is the primary function of this specific resist?

Major textiles of Rajasthan Hard
A. To add a glossy, metallic sheen to the fabric post-dyeing by fusing with the cotton fibers under heat.
B. To prevent the indigo dye from penetrating the printed areas on both the front and reverse sides simultaneously, ensuring perfect motif alignment.
C. To completely bleach the underlying fabric to pure white before the final indigo vat dip.
D. To act as a mordant that strictly binds the red madder dye to the fabric while repelling blue dyes.

52 The Kalbelia dance of Rajasthan was inscribed on UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in $2010$. Which of the following conditions is a strict traditional rule governing its performance?

an overview of culture of Rajasthan Hard
A. The dancers wear brightly colored, predominantly white and red skirts with heavy glass-work to mimic desert flora.
B. Women execute the fluid, serpentine dance movements, while men exclusively play the accompanying instruments, such as the Poongi and Dufli.
C. It can only be performed by the community elders during the strict 40-day fasting period of Gavari.
D. The dance must be performed equally by male and female dancers using intricate swordsmanship.

53 Phad paintings are long, scroll-like artworks used by Bhopas (priest-singers). When analyzing the rigid stylistic conventions of the Shahpura school of Phad painting, which of the following color-coding rules is traditionally mandated?

art and crafts of Rajasthan Hard
A. Red is utilized for royal clothing and flags, green for nature and trees, and figures face each other rather than the audience to create a narrative dialogue.
B. Orange is used exclusively for the main deity's skin, whereas all mortal figures are painted in shades of blue and green.
C. Gold leaf is heavily applied to the background to signify a divine setting, while characters are depicted as black silhouettes.
D. The entire scroll is painted in monochrome using carbon black ink, relying solely on line weight to depict depth and hierarchy.

54 What is the specific role of 'Alizarin' in the traditional Dabu and block printing processes of Rajasthan?

Major textiles of Rajasthan Hard
A. It is a dye extracted traditionally from madder root (and now available synthetically) that reacts with alum mordanted areas to produce deep red tones.
B. It acts as a primary mordant, modifying the structure of the cotton fiber so it can absorb indigo without heating.
C. It is a natural gum used to thicken the mud resist to prevent it from cracking under the sun.
D. It is a bleaching agent applied in the final washing stage to remove excess resist paste and brighten the white backgrounds.

55 Bhavai and Chari are two distinct folk dances of Rajasthan known for balancing acts, yet they differ significantly in their cultural origins and execution. Which of the following correctly differentiates them?

an overview of culture of Rajasthan Hard
A. Chari involves women balancing brass pots with a lit fire (cotton seeds dipped in oil) and has its roots in the Gujjar community, whereas Bhavai involves balancing a stack of up to pitchers while standing on narrow edges like swords or glass.
B. Bhavai is a harvest dance of the Bhils featuring archery displays, whereas Chari is a courtly dance from Jaipur performed with classical Kathak footwork.
C. Bhavai involves women from the Gujjar community balancing brass pots containing lit cotton seeds, while Chari is a narrative dance performed exclusively by men on a bed of nails.
D. Both dances require the performer to be blindfolded, but Bhavai uses earthen pots filled with water, whereas Chari uses empty pots.

56 The Kishangarh school of miniature painting achieved its zenith under the patronage of Raja Savant Singh. The iconic 'Bani Thani' painting characterizes this school. Which set of features represents the definitive stylistic hallmarks of Kishangarh miniatures?

art and crafts of Rajasthan Hard
A. Highly elongated faces, arched eyebrows, half-open lotus-shaped eyes, pointed receding chins, and an overarching theme of Radha-Krishna mysticism.
B. Stout, muscular figures, heavily influenced by European realism, with backgrounds depicting detailed urban architecture and massive battle formations.
C. Miniatures painted entirely on circular ivory discs, focusing on secular themes of royal hunting (Shikar) rather than religious devotion.
D. Strict frontal profiles, exclusively monochromatic palettes using natural indigo, and the total absence of natural flora or fauna.

57 The 'Maand' musical style of Rajasthan is a highly sophisticated folk form. How does Maand theoretically distinguish itself from other Rajasthani folk music traditions like those of the Langas or Manganiyars?

an overview of culture of Rajasthan Hard
A. It originated as a rugged, high-tempo battle cry used by Rajput infantry and utilizes heavy percussion rather than melodic vocalization.
B. It is a stylized, semi-classical court music akin to Thumri and Ghazal, characterized by its slow tempo and focus on melodic ornamentation to sing praises of Rajput rulers.
C. It is an entirely choral, acapella tradition performed exclusively by female agricultural workers during the monsoon sowing season.
D. It is a strict classical Dhrupad style that mandates rhythmic improvisation on the Pakhawaj and prohibits the use of any stringed instruments.

58 Koftgari is an intricate metallic craft deeply embedded in the martial history of Rajasthan. What does the traditional process of Koftgari primarily entail?

art and crafts of Rajasthan Hard
A. The application of brightly colored enamel (Meenakari) exclusively on the reverse side of Kundan jewelry to prevent skin irritation.
B. The damascening process where fine gold or silver wire is embedded into deep crosshatch engravings on hard steel weapons, followed by heating and polishing.
C. The weaving of thin strands of copper into structural baskets designed to hold embers during the Chari dance.
D. Casting completely hollow bronze statues using the lost-wax technique (Cire Perdue) to reduce weight during transportation.

59 In the context of the Rajasthani textile tradition, 'Panchranga' is a significant term. When applied to the Leheriya process, what specific dye-and-resist challenge does a true Panchranga Leheriya present to the artisan?

Major textiles of Rajasthan Hard
A. The artisan must meticulously tie and un-tie the fabric up to five separate times, dipping it into a succession of five distinct dye vats from the lightest to the darkest hue.
B. The artisan must use five distinct block printing mud resists simultaneously without letting them bleed into each other.
C. The artisan must employ five different mordants on a plain white cloth, which will then react simultaneously to a single master dye bath.
D. The artisan must weave five different types of natural fibers (cotton, silk, wool, jute, and linen) into a single garment.

60 The socio-cultural phenomenon of the 'Bhopa-Bhopi' pairs is integral to Rajasthani oral epics. In their performance of the 'Phad of Pabuji', how do the visual (Phad) and acoustic (Ravanhatta) elements synthesize to complete the ritual?

an overview of culture of Rajasthan Hard
A. The Bhopa plays the Ravanhatta and sings the epic verses, while the Bhopi holds an oil lamp to illuminate specific scenes on the painted scroll in the dark, dancing and singing the chorus.
B. The Bhopi plays the Ravanhatta to mimic the sounds of battle, while the Bhopa completely covers the Phad with mud, revealing it only when a demon is defeated in the song.
C. The Bhopi sits silently facing the Phad while the Bhopa destroys sections of the painting with the bow of the Ravanhatta to symbolize the fleeting nature of life.
D. Both strictly play the Ravanhatta in polyrhythm, explicitly ignoring the Phad painting until the final morning of the performance when it is submerged in a river.
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