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Unit 3: Building and Structuring Data Models - Practice Quiz

INT374 — Data Analytics With Power Bi 50 Questions
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1 What is the primary purpose of data modeling in Power BI?

A. To write SQL queries
B. To export data to Excel
C. To define relationships between tables and structure data for analysis
D. To create colorful visualizations

2 In the context of database normalization, what is the main goal?

A. To organize data to reduce redundancy and improve integrity
B. To create a single flat table for all data
C. To delete historical data
D. To increase data redundancy

3 Which type of table typically contains quantitative values or metrics to be analyzed?

A. Bridge Table
B. Parameter Table
C. Fact Table
D. Dimension Table

4 What kind of data is primarily found in a Dimension table?

A. Transactional records
B. Foreign keys only
C. Aggregated totals
D. Descriptive attributes (context)

5 What is a Star Schema?

A. A schema where every table is connected to every other table
B. A single flat table containing all data
C. A structure where dimension tables are normalized into multiple related tables
D. A central fact table surrounded by denormalized dimension tables

6 How does a Snowflake Schema differ from a Star Schema?

A. It does not support relationships
B. Dimension tables are normalized, branching out into further tables
C. Fact tables are normalized
D. It uses only one table

7 Which column is used to uniquely identify each row in a table?

A. Secondary Key
B. Primary Key
C. Alternate Key
D. Foreign Key

8 What is a Foreign Key?

A. A column used to sort data
B. A column that points to a Primary Key in another table
C. A unique identifier in the current table
D. A hidden column in Power BI

9 What is the most common and recommended relationship cardinality in Power BI?

A. Many-to-One
B. Many-to-Many
C. One-to-One
D. One-to-Many

10 What happens when you create a Many-to-Many relationship directly in Power BI without a bridge table?

A. It creates a One-to-One relationship automatically
B. Power BI allows it but it may introduce ambiguity and performance issues
C. Power BI rejects the relationship
D. It automatically normalizes the data

11 In Power BI, what does the 'Cross-filter direction' setting determine?

A. The format of the data dates
B. The color of the relationship line
C. How filters propagate between related tables
D. Which table is hidden

12 What is the downside of using 'Both' in Cross-filter direction?

A. It prevents the use of measures
B. It is only available for text data
C. It can cause ambiguity and performance issues
D. It deletes data

13 Which view in Power BI Desktop is best for managing relationships?

A. Report View
B. Data View
C. Query View
D. Model View

14 What does a solid line between two tables in Model View represent?

A. An active relationship
B. A theoretical relationship
C. A broken relationship
D. An inactive relationship

15 How many active relationships can exist directly between two specific tables in Power BI?

A. Up to five
B. Zero
C. Unlimited
D. Exactly one

16 What is a 'Surrogate Key'?

A. An artificial, system-generated unique identifier (usually an integer)
B. A text-based description
C. A key based on business logic like Social Security Number
D. A duplicate key

17 To handle a Many-to-Many relationship properly, what type of intermediate table is recommended?

A. Bridge (or Junction) Table
B. Fact Table
C. Summary Table
D. Dimension Table

18 What is the function of the USERELATIONSHIP DAX function?

A. To delete a relationship
B. To create a new table
C. To rename a column
D. To activate an inactive relationship for a specific calculation

19 What is 'Filter Context'?

A. The background color of a visual
B. The set of filters applied to a calculation at the moment it is evaluated
C. The connection string to the database
D. A DAX function used to filter text

20 In a standard One-to-Many relationship (Single direction), filters flow from:

A. The Many side to the One side
B. Neither side
C. The Fact table to the Dimension table
D. The One side to the Many side

21 What is a 'Role-Playing Dimension'?

A. A dimension that filters multiple fact tables
B. A dimension generated by AI
C. A single dimension table used for multiple purposes (e.g., Order Date, Ship Date) usually via inactive relationships or copies
D. A dimension that changes data types

22 When defining a Data Category for a column containing URLs to product images, which category should be selected?

A. Uncategorized
B. Image URL
C. Web URL
D. Barcode

23 Why is it important to set the correct Data Category for geographical fields (e.g., City, Country)?

A. To allow Bing Maps to correctly locate and visualize the data
B. To convert text to numbers
C. To reduce file size
D. To change the font

24 What feature allows you to group Year, Quarter, Month, and Day columns together for drill-down analysis?

A. Binning
B. Concatenation
C. Clustering
D. Hierarchy

25 What is 'Referential Integrity' in the context of data modeling?

A. Ensuring that every Foreign Key value in the child table has a matching Primary Key value in the parent table
B. Removing null values from measures
C. Connecting to cloud data sources
D. Ensuring all text is uppercase

26 If you see a dotted line between two tables in the Model View, what does it signify?

A. A One-to-One relationship
B. A Many-to-Many relationship
C. A weak relationship
D. An inactive relationship

27 Which of the following is a benefit of the Star Schema over the Snowflake Schema?

A. More complex SQL queries
B. Higher data redundancy
C. Simpler model structure and generally better performance
D. More tables to manage

28 What is 'Granularity' in a data model?

A. The number of administrators
B. The speed of data refresh
C. The level of detail represented by a single row in a table
D. The color scheme of the report

29 How do you create a hierarchy in Power BI Model View?

A. Use the 'Group' function in Query Editor
B. Create a calculated table
C. Drag a column onto another column in the same table
D. Write a SQL script

30 What is the 'Hide in Report View' option used for?

A. Deleting data permanently
B. Securing data with a password
C. Preventing users from seeing technical columns (like surrogate keys) in the fields pane
D. Filtering data out of visuals

31 If a relationship is set to 'Assume Referential Integrity', what type of join does Power BI use to generate queries?

A. Cross Join
B. Left Outer Join
C. Full Outer Join
D. Inner Join

32 What is the risk of having 'Ambiguity' in a data model?

A. The file size increases
B. The model becomes too colorful
C. You cannot export to PDF
D. Power BI cannot determine which path to take for filtering, leading to errors or disabled relationships

33 Which formatting option allows a 'Month Name' column to be sorted chronologically (Jan, Feb) rather than alphabetically (Apr, Aug)?

A. Format String
B. Data Category
C. Group By
D. Sort by Column

34 In a Star Schema, the Fact table is usually:

A. Tall and Narrow
B. Unstructured
C. Empty
D. Short and Wide

35 Which of the following is NOT a standard aggregation type for a numeric column?

A. Concatenate
B. Min
C. Average
D. Sum

36 When importing data, Power BI automatically detects relationships based on:

A. Table names
B. Row counts
C. The order of import
D. Column names and data types matching

37 What is a 'Circular Dependency'?

A. A chart that is shaped like a circle
B. A pie chart visualization
C. When Table A depends on Table B, and Table B depends on Table A
D. A relationship between a date table and a sales table

38 Why are 'Calculated Columns' generally less preferred than 'Measures' for aggregation?

A. They are harder to write
B. They cannot be used in charts
C. They do not support text
D. They consume memory and storage as they are computed for every row during refresh

39 In the 'Edit Relationship' dialog, what does the 'Make this relationship active' checkbox do?

A. Toggles whether the relationship is the primary path for filter propagation
B. Changes the cardinality
C. Deletes the relationship
D. Reverses the direction

40 What is the primary benefit of Denormalization in Power BI?

A. Improved query performance by reducing the number of joins required
B. Better data integrity
C. Easier data entry
D. Reduced file size

41 Which data type is most efficient for relationship keys?

A. Date/Time
B. Integer
C. String / Text
D. Decimal Number

42 What is a 'Disconnected Table'?

A. A table with no relationships to other tables, often used for parameter selection
B. A table that failed to load
C. A table with missing data
D. A table hidden from the report

43 If you have a 'Date' table and a 'Sales' table, which column in the Date table should be the Primary Key?

A. Date (unique daily value)
B. Quarter
C. Year
D. Month

44 How does Power BI handle a relationship where the data types of the join columns do not match?

A. It automatically converts them
B. It allows the relationship but with errors
C. It prevents the relationship from being created
D. It creates a bridge table

45 Which of the following describes a 'Parent-Child' hierarchy?

A. A relationship between two different files
B. A fixed level hierarchy like Year-Month-Day
C. A structure where two columns in the same table define the hierarchy (e.g., EmployeeID and ManagerID)
D. A time-intelligence function

46 What is the purpose of the 'Synonyms' feature in the Model View?

A. To rename columns permanently
B. To create duplicate columns
C. To help Q&A visual understand natural language queries by providing alternate names for fields
D. To translate data into other languages

47 When creating a relationship, what does the cardinality 'One-to-One' imply?

A. Many records in Table A match many in Table B
B. The tables are unrelated
C. One record in Table A matches many in Table B
D. One record in Table A matches exactly one record in Table B

48 Why might you disable 'Auto date/time' in Power BI Options?

A. To stop the clock
B. To reduce file size by preventing hidden date tables for every date column
C. To use the old calendar system
D. To prevent date formatting

49 What is the effect of changing a column's formatting string (e.g., to Currency)?

A. It changes the underlying data value
B. It creates a new table
C. It breaks relationships
D. It only changes how the data is displayed in visuals

50 In a 'Composite Model', what does it mean?

A. The model is only for composites
B. You can mix DirectQuery connections and Import data in the same model
C. It is a 3D model
D. All data is in Excel
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