1 $Which of the following best describes self-concept ?$

A.

The physiological desire to achieve specific goals

B.

The sum total of an individual's beliefs and feelings about themselves

C.

The external feedback received from peers

D.

The distinct personality traits a person exhibits at work

2 $According to Carl Rogers, if there is a significant discrepancy between a person's Real Self and their Ideal Self, what is the likely psychological result?$

A.

High Self-Efficacy

B.

Incongruence

C.

Self-Actualization

D.

Extrinsic Motivation

3 $In the context of the Johari Window, which quadrant represents information about the self that is known to others but unknown to the self?$

A.

Hidden Area

B.

Blind Spot

C.

Unknown Area

D.

Open Area

4 $What is the primary difference between self-esteem and self-efficacy ?$

A.

Self-esteem is external; self-efficacy is internal.

B.

There is no difference; they are synonyms.

C.

Self-esteem is global self-worth; self-efficacy is belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations.

D.

Self-esteem is about specific tasks; self-efficacy is about global worth.

5 $Which component of self-concept relates to the way an individual feels about themselves (emotions and evaluation)?$

A.

The Behavioral component

B.

The Social component

C.

The Cognitive component

D.

The Affective component

6 $The concept of the "Looking-Glass Self", suggesting we develop our self-concept based on how we believe others perceive us, was proposed by:$

A.

Charles Cooley

B.

Frederick Herzberg

C.

Sigmund Freud

D.

Abraham Maslow

7 $In Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which needs must be satisfied before Safety Needs become the primary motivator?$

A.

Esteem Needs

B.

Physiological Needs

C.

Social Needs

D.

Self-Actualization Needs

8 $Which of the following is considered a higher-order need in Maslow's hierarchy?$

A.

Hunger and thirst

B.

Rest and sleep

C.

Security of employment

D.

Self-Actualization

9 $According to Maslow, the desire for friendship, intimacy, and family belongs to which category?$

A.

Belongingness and Love Needs

B.

Physiological Needs

C.

Safety Needs

D.

Esteem Needs

10 $In Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, factors such as company policy, supervision, and salary are classified as:$

A.

Intrinsic Factors

B.

Growth Factors

C.

Hygiene Factors

D.

Motivators

11 $According to Herzberg, which of the following is a true Motivator that leads to job satisfaction?$

A.

High Salary

B.

Job Security

C.

Good working conditions

D.

Recognition for achievement

12 $What is the relationship between Hygiene Factors and employee motivation?$

A.

Hygiene factors are more important than motivators for high performance.

B.

Improving hygiene factors increases motivation significantly.

C.

Improving hygiene factors prevents dissatisfaction but does not create satisfaction.

D.

Hygiene factors have no impact on the employee.

13 $Maslow’s Esteem Needs are most similar to which of Herzberg’s factors?$

A.

Physiological Needs

B.

Safety Needs

C.

Hygiene Factors

D.

Motivators

14 $The term "Self-Actualization" refers to:$

A.

The realization of one's full potential and talents

B.

The need to protect oneself from physical harm

C.

The desire for prestige and reputation

D.

The need to feel part of a group

15 $Which personality trait from the Big Five (Five-Factor Model) is most consistently correlated with high job performance across various professions?$

A.

Agreeableness

B.

Conscientiousness

C.

Extraversion

D.

Neuroticism

16 $An individual who is imaginative, curious, and open to new ideas would score high on which Big Five trait?$

A.

Neuroticism

B.

Extraversion

C.

Openness to Experience

D.

Agreeableness

17 $In a workplace setting, an employee with high Neuroticism is likely to:$

A.

Be extremely calm under pressure

B.

Seek out new creative challenges constantly

C.

Experience higher levels of stress and anxiety

D.

Be the most social person in the room

18 $Which personality type is characterized by a chronic sense of time urgency, competitiveness, and hostility, often linked to workplace stress?$

A.

Type B

B.

Introvert

C.

Type C

D.

Type A

19 $How does Locus of Control influence learning and work?$

A.

Internal locus of control leads to passivity.

B.

Internal locus of control is associated with higher motivation and effort in learning.

C.

Locus of control is unrelated to performance.

D.

External locus of control suggests individuals believe they control their own destiny.

20 $Which personality assessment is based on Jungian types and classifies people into 16 distinct personality profiles?$

A.

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

B.

Rorschach Inkblot Test

C.

MMPI-2

D.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

21 $The Person-Environment Fit theory suggests that:$

A.

Personality changes entirely depending on the environment

B.

Performance and satisfaction are highest when an individual's traits match the work environment

C.

Environment is the only determinant of behavior

D.

Anyone can do any job if paid enough

22 $Self-monitoring refers to:$

A.

Checking one’s pulse during stress

B.

The rigidity of one's moral values

C.

The ability to adjust one’s behavior to external, situational factors

D.

Keeping a diary of daily tasks

23 $In the communication process, encoding refers to:$

A.

The noise that disrupts the message

B.

The medium through which the message travels

C.

Translating a thought or idea into a message (symbols/words)

D.

Interpreting the message received

24 $Which of the following is a barrier to effective interpersonal communication known as Semantic Noise ?$

A.

The receiver being deaf

B.

Loud construction work outside the window

C.

Different interpretations of the meaning of words or jargon

D.

Poor phone signal

25 $The study of body motion, facial expressions, and gestures in non-verbal communication is known as:$

A.

Chronemics

B.

Proxemics

C.

Haptics

D.

Kinesics

26 $What is Proxemics in the context of interpersonal behavior?$

A.

The study of use of space and distance in communication

B.

The study of touch

C.

The study of eye contact

D.

The study of vocal tone

27 $Which element of Emotional Intelligence (EI) involves understanding the emotional makeup of other people?$

A.

Self-Awareness

B.

Empathy

C.

Motivation

D.

Self-Regulation

28 $In Transactional Analysis, which ego state reflects logical, objective, and rational behavior?$

A.

Adult

B.

Sibling

C.

Parent

D.

Child

29 $A communication style that is Assertive is characterized by:$

A.

Using manipulation to achieve goals

B.

Expressing needs and feelings clearly and respectfully without infringing on others

C.

Passive acceptance of others' demands

D.

Violating the rights of others to get what you want

30 $The Halo Effect in interpersonal perception refers to:$

A.

Drawing a general impression about an individual based on a single characteristic

B.

Seeing everyone as an angel

C.

Attributing one's own faults to others

D.

Judging someone based on the group they belong to

31 $According to Maslow, what happens once a need is substantially satisfied?$

A.

It becomes the primary motivator.

B.

It moves to the bottom of the hierarchy.

C.

It no longer motivates behavior.

D.

It turns into a hygiene factor.

32 $Which of the following creates a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy in a learning or work environment?$

A.

The Placebo Effect

B.

The Recency Effect

C.

The Pygmalion Effect

D.

The Contrast Effect

33 $In terms of feedback, what is the "feedback loop" essential for?$

A.

Increasing the noise in the channel

B.

Encoding the message faster

C.

Asserting dominance over the receiver

D.

Confirming that the message has been understood correctly

34 $Which personality trait is most associated with cooperative behavior and good interpersonal relationships in teams?$

A.

Introversion

B.

Conscientiousness

C.

Neuroticism

D.

Agreeableness

35 $Herzberg's theory is also known as the:$

A.

Theory X and Theory Y

B.

Needs Hierarchy Theory

C.

ERG Theory

D.

Motivation-Hygiene Theory

36 $If a manager uses "Management by Exception", they are likely to interact with employees only when:$

A.

They are in a good mood

B.

Employees deviate from the standard or make mistakes

C.

Employees are succeeding

D.

It is time for the annual party

37 $Which listening technique involves restating or paraphrasing what the speaker has said to ensure understanding?$

A.

Reflective listening

B.

Defensive listening

C.

Passive listening

D.

Selective listening

38 $Maslow termed the first four levels of his hierarchy (Physiological, Safety, Belongingness, Esteem) as:$

A.

G-needs (Growth needs)

B.

B-needs (Being needs)

C.

X-needs

D.

D-needs (Deficiency needs)

39 $Which of the following is an example of non-verbal communication ?$

A.

Reading a manual

B.

Speaking on the phone

C.

Writing an email

D.

Tone of voice

40 $A person with a high Need for Achievement (nAch) usually prefers tasks that are:$

A.

Extremely difficult (impossible)

B.

Routine and repetitive

C.

Moderately difficult and challenging

D.

Extremely easy

41 $When self-concept is threatened, individuals often use Defense Mechanisms . Who originally proposed this concept?$

A.

B.F. Skinner

B.

Frederick Herzberg

C.

Sigmund Freud

D.

Abraham Maslow

42 $In the Open Area of the Johari Window:$

A.

I don't know, but you know

B.

I know, but you don't know

C.

I don't know, and you don't know

D.

I know, and you know

43 $Which factor in Herzberg's theory is most likely to lead to long-term job satisfaction?$

A.

Job enrichment

B.

Increasing vacation days

C.

Improving office lighting

D.

Increasing base pay

44 $What is Paralinguistics ?$

A.

The use of multiple languages

B.

The study of parallel lines in psychology

C.

Vocal features that accompany speech (pitch, volume, rate)

D.

Written communication standards

45 $In interpersonal perception, Stereotyping is:$

A.

Giving positive feedback only

B.

Judging a person based on the perception of the group to which they belong

C.

Evaluating a person based on their unique individual traits

D.

Ignoring a person entirely

46 $Trait theory in personality assumes that:$

A.

Personality is entirely determined by the environment

B.

Unconscious forces are the only driver of behavior

C.

Traits are relatively stable characteristics that cause individuals to behave in certain ways

D.

Personality changes drastically every day

47 $Which of the following is an example of an Intrinsic Reward ?$

A.

A promotion

B.

A corner office

C.

A bonus check

D.

A sense of accomplishment

48 $The tendency to attribute one's own successes to internal factors and failures to external factors is called:$

A.

Self-Serving Bias

B.

Confirmation Bias

C.

Halo Effect

D.

Fundamental Attribution Error

49 $In communication, "filtering" refers to:$

A.

Using a spam filter

B.

The sender manipulating information so the receiver will see it more favorably

C.

Removing background noise

D.

Speaking very clearly

50 $According to Maslow, can an individual regress down the hierarchy?$

A.

No, progress is always upward.

B.

Yes, if lower-level needs are no longer met (e.g., loss of job threatening safety).

C.

Yes, but only during childhood.

D.

Maslow did not address this.

Unit 3 - Practice Quiz