1 $Which of the following best describes self-concept ?$

A.

The physiological desire to achieve specific goals

B.

The distinct personality traits a person exhibits at work

C.

The external feedback received from peers

D.

The sum total of an individual's beliefs and feelings about themselves

2 $According to Carl Rogers, if there is a significant discrepancy between a person's Real Self and their Ideal Self, what is the likely psychological result?$

A.

Extrinsic Motivation

B.

Self-Actualization

C.

High Self-Efficacy

D.

Incongruence

3 $In the context of the Johari Window, which quadrant represents information about the self that is known to others but unknown to the self?$

A.

Open Area

B.

Unknown Area

C.

Blind Spot

D.

Hidden Area

4 $What is the primary difference between self-esteem and self-efficacy ?$

A.

Self-esteem is about specific tasks; self-efficacy is about global worth.

B.

There is no difference; they are synonyms.

C.

Self-esteem is global self-worth; self-efficacy is belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations.

D.

Self-esteem is external; self-efficacy is internal.

5 $Which component of self-concept relates to the way an individual feels about themselves (emotions and evaluation)?$

A.

The Behavioral component

B.

The Affective component

C.

The Cognitive component

D.

The Social component

6 $The concept of the "Looking-Glass Self", suggesting we develop our self-concept based on how we believe others perceive us, was proposed by:$

A.

Sigmund Freud

B.

Charles Cooley

C.

Frederick Herzberg

D.

Abraham Maslow

7 $In Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which needs must be satisfied before Safety Needs become the primary motivator?$

A.

Esteem Needs

B.

Self-Actualization Needs

C.

Physiological Needs

D.

Social Needs

8 $Which of the following is considered a higher-order need in Maslow's hierarchy?$

A.

Security of employment

B.

Rest and sleep

C.

Hunger and thirst

D.

Self-Actualization

9 $According to Maslow, the desire for friendship, intimacy, and family belongs to which category?$

A.

Physiological Needs

B.

Belongingness and Love Needs

C.

Esteem Needs

D.

Safety Needs

10 $In Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, factors such as company policy, supervision, and salary are classified as:$

A.

Hygiene Factors

B.

Motivators

C.

Intrinsic Factors

D.

Growth Factors

11 $According to Herzberg, which of the following is a true Motivator that leads to job satisfaction?$

A.

High Salary

B.

Job Security

C.

Good working conditions

D.

Recognition for achievement

12 $What is the relationship between Hygiene Factors and employee motivation?$

A.

Improving hygiene factors increases motivation significantly.

B.

Hygiene factors have no impact on the employee.

C.

Improving hygiene factors prevents dissatisfaction but does not create satisfaction.

D.

Hygiene factors are more important than motivators for high performance.

13 $Maslow’s Esteem Needs are most similar to which of Herzberg’s factors?$

A.

Physiological Needs

B.

Motivators

C.

Hygiene Factors

D.

Safety Needs

14 $The term "Self-Actualization" refers to:$

A.

The desire for prestige and reputation

B.

The realization of one's full potential and talents

C.

The need to feel part of a group

D.

The need to protect oneself from physical harm

15 $Which personality trait from the Big Five (Five-Factor Model) is most consistently correlated with high job performance across various professions?$

A.

Neuroticism

B.

Extraversion

C.

Conscientiousness

D.

Agreeableness

16 $An individual who is imaginative, curious, and open to new ideas would score high on which Big Five trait?$

A.

Agreeableness

B.

Neuroticism

C.

Extraversion

D.

Openness to Experience

17 $In a workplace setting, an employee with high Neuroticism is likely to:$

A.

Experience higher levels of stress and anxiety

B.

Seek out new creative challenges constantly

C.

Be the most social person in the room

D.

Be extremely calm under pressure

18 $Which personality type is characterized by a chronic sense of time urgency, competitiveness, and hostility, often linked to workplace stress?$

A.

Type A

B.

Type C

C.

Introvert

D.

Type B

19 $How does Locus of Control influence learning and work?$

A.

Internal locus of control is associated with higher motivation and effort in learning.

B.

External locus of control suggests individuals believe they control their own destiny.

C.

Locus of control is unrelated to performance.

D.

Internal locus of control leads to passivity.

20 $Which personality assessment is based on Jungian types and classifies people into 16 distinct personality profiles?$

A.

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

B.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

C.

MMPI-2

D.

Rorschach Inkblot Test

21 $The Person-Environment Fit theory suggests that:$

A.

Performance and satisfaction are highest when an individual's traits match the work environment

B.

Anyone can do any job if paid enough

C.

Personality changes entirely depending on the environment

D.

Environment is the only determinant of behavior

22 $Self-monitoring refers to:$

A.

The rigidity of one's moral values

B.

The ability to adjust one’s behavior to external, situational factors

C.

Keeping a diary of daily tasks

D.

Checking one’s pulse during stress

23 $In the communication process, encoding refers to:$

A.

Interpreting the message received

B.

The noise that disrupts the message

C.

The medium through which the message travels

D.

Translating a thought or idea into a message (symbols/words)

24 $Which of the following is a barrier to effective interpersonal communication known as Semantic Noise ?$

A.

Different interpretations of the meaning of words or jargon

B.

Poor phone signal

C.

Loud construction work outside the window

D.

The receiver being deaf

25 $The study of body motion, facial expressions, and gestures in non-verbal communication is known as:$

A.

Proxemics

B.

Haptics

C.

Kinesics

D.

Chronemics

26 $What is Proxemics in the context of interpersonal behavior?$

A.

The study of use of space and distance in communication

B.

The study of touch

C.

The study of eye contact

D.

The study of vocal tone

27 $Which element of Emotional Intelligence (EI) involves understanding the emotional makeup of other people?$

A.

Motivation

B.

Self-Regulation

C.

Empathy

D.

Self-Awareness

28 $In Transactional Analysis, which ego state reflects logical, objective, and rational behavior?$

A.

Sibling

B.

Child

C.

Adult

D.

Parent

29 $A communication style that is Assertive is characterized by:$

A.

Passive acceptance of others' demands

B.

Using manipulation to achieve goals

C.

Expressing needs and feelings clearly and respectfully without infringing on others

D.

Violating the rights of others to get what you want

30 $The Halo Effect in interpersonal perception refers to:$

A.

Judging someone based on the group they belong to

B.

Seeing everyone as an angel

C.

Attributing one's own faults to others

D.

Drawing a general impression about an individual based on a single characteristic

31 $According to Maslow, what happens once a need is substantially satisfied?$

A.

It no longer motivates behavior.

B.

It turns into a hygiene factor.

C.

It moves to the bottom of the hierarchy.

D.

It becomes the primary motivator.

32 $Which of the following creates a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy in a learning or work environment?$

A.

The Pygmalion Effect

B.

The Contrast Effect

C.

The Recency Effect

D.

The Placebo Effect

33 $In terms of feedback, what is the "feedback loop" essential for?$

A.

Increasing the noise in the channel

B.

Encoding the message faster

C.

Confirming that the message has been understood correctly

D.

Asserting dominance over the receiver

34 $Which personality trait is most associated with cooperative behavior and good interpersonal relationships in teams?$

A.

Conscientiousness

B.

Introversion

C.

Agreeableness

D.

Neuroticism

35 $Herzberg's theory is also known as the:$

A.

ERG Theory

B.

Motivation-Hygiene Theory

C.

Needs Hierarchy Theory

D.

Theory X and Theory Y

36 $If a manager uses "Management by Exception", they are likely to interact with employees only when:$

A.

It is time for the annual party

B.

Employees deviate from the standard or make mistakes

C.

They are in a good mood

D.

Employees are succeeding

37 $Which listening technique involves restating or paraphrasing what the speaker has said to ensure understanding?$

A.

Passive listening

B.

Reflective listening

C.

Defensive listening

D.

Selective listening

38 $Maslow termed the first four levels of his hierarchy (Physiological, Safety, Belongingness, Esteem) as:$

A.

D-needs (Deficiency needs)

B.

X-needs

C.

G-needs (Growth needs)

D.

B-needs (Being needs)

39 $Which of the following is an example of non-verbal communication ?$

A.

Reading a manual

B.

Speaking on the phone

C.

Writing an email

D.

Tone of voice

40 $A person with a high Need for Achievement (nAch) usually prefers tasks that are:$

A.

Extremely easy

B.

Extremely difficult (impossible)

C.

Moderately difficult and challenging

D.

Routine and repetitive

41 $When self-concept is threatened, individuals often use Defense Mechanisms . Who originally proposed this concept?$

A.

Abraham Maslow

B.

Frederick Herzberg

C.

Sigmund Freud

D.

B.F. Skinner

42 $In the Open Area of the Johari Window:$

A.

I know, and you know

B.

I don't know, but you know

C.

I know, but you don't know

D.

I don't know, and you don't know

43 $Which factor in Herzberg's theory is most likely to lead to long-term job satisfaction?$

A.

Job enrichment

B.

Increasing vacation days

C.

Increasing base pay

D.

Improving office lighting

44 $What is Paralinguistics ?$

A.

The use of multiple languages

B.

Vocal features that accompany speech (pitch, volume, rate)

C.

Written communication standards

D.

The study of parallel lines in psychology

45 $In interpersonal perception, Stereotyping is:$

A.

Judging a person based on the perception of the group to which they belong

B.

Evaluating a person based on their unique individual traits

C.

Giving positive feedback only

D.

Ignoring a person entirely

46 $Trait theory in personality assumes that:$

A.

Personality is entirely determined by the environment

B.

Personality changes drastically every day

C.

Unconscious forces are the only driver of behavior

D.

Traits are relatively stable characteristics that cause individuals to behave in certain ways

47 $Which of the following is an example of an Intrinsic Reward ?$

A.

A sense of accomplishment

B.

A corner office

C.

A promotion

D.

A bonus check

48 $The tendency to attribute one's own successes to internal factors and failures to external factors is called:$

A.

Fundamental Attribution Error

B.

Halo Effect

C.

Self-Serving Bias

D.

Confirmation Bias

49 $In communication, "filtering" refers to:$

A.

The sender manipulating information so the receiver will see it more favorably

B.

Speaking very clearly

C.

Removing background noise

D.

Using a spam filter

50 $According to Maslow, can an individual regress down the hierarchy?$

A.

Yes, if lower-level needs are no longer met (e.g., loss of job threatening safety).

B.

Yes, but only during childhood.

C.

Maslow did not address this.

D.

No, progress is always upward.

Unit 3 - Practice Quiz