1Which of the following materials was primarily used to manufacture the seals found in the Indus Valley Civilization?
A.Iron
B.Steatite
C.Gold
D.Limestone
Correct Answer: Steatite
Explanation:Most seals discovered in the Indus Valley Civilization were made of steatite (a soft soapstone), although some were made of terracotta, gold, agate, chert, and faience.
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2The 'Great Bath', a prominent structure of the Indus Valley Civilization, was found at which site?
A.Harappa
B.Lothal
C.Mohenjo-daro
D.Kalibangan
Correct Answer: Mohenjo-daro
Explanation:The Great Bath is one of the best-known structures among the ruins of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization at Mohenjo-daro in Sindh, Pakistan.
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3Which metal was unknown to the people of the Indus Valley Civilization?
A.Copper
B.Bronze
C.Gold
D.Iron
Correct Answer: Iron
Explanation:The Indus Valley Civilization belonged to the Bronze Age. The inhabitants knew of copper, bronze, gold, and silver, but iron was not known to them.
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4The famous bronze statue of the 'Dancing Girl' was discovered at which site?
A.Mohenjo-daro
B.Harappa
C.Chanhudaro
D.Lothal
Correct Answer: Mohenjo-daro
Explanation:The 'Dancing Girl' is a prehistoric bronze sculpture made in the lost-wax casting technique, discovered in Mohenjo-daro.
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5Which Indus Valley site provides the earliest evidence of an artificial dockyard?
A.Dholavira
B.Lothal
C.Surkotada
D.Rakhigarhi
Correct Answer: Lothal
Explanation:Lothal, located in Gujarat, contained a massive brick dockyard connected to the Gulf of Khambhat, indicating maritime trade.
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6The script of the Indus Valley Civilization is best described as:
A.Brahmi
B.Kharosthi
C.Pictographic / Logo-syllabic
D.Aramaic
Correct Answer: Pictographic / Logo-syllabic
Explanation:The script is undeciphered but is considered pictographic or logo-syllabic, where symbols represent words or syllables.
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7Which pattern of town planning was generally followed in the major Indus Valley cities?
A.Radial system
B.Grid system
C.Circular system
D.Linear system
Correct Answer: Grid system
Explanation:The cities were planned using a grid system, where streets cut each other at right angles, dividing the city into rectangular blocks.
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8Evidence of a 'ploughed field' was found at which Indus Valley site?
A.Mohenjo-daro
B.Harappa
C.Kalibangan
D.Lothal
Correct Answer: Kalibangan
Explanation:Kalibangan in Rajasthan has provided evidence of the earliest ploughed agricultural field.
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9The 'Pashupati Mahadeva' seal depicts a central figure surrounded by which combination of animals?
A.Elephant, Tiger, Rhino, Buffalo, and two Deer
B.Lion, Horse, Cow, and Bull
C.Elephant, Cow, Peacock, and Snake
D.Horse, Sheep, Goat, and Tiger
Correct Answer: Elephant, Tiger, Rhino, Buffalo, and two Deer
Explanation:The Pashupati seal depicts a yogic figure surrounded by an elephant, a tiger, a rhino, and a buffalo, with two deer at his feet.
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10Which of the following statements regarding Indus Valley architecture is true?
A.They primarily used stone for residential buildings.
B.They used burnt bricks of a standardized ratio.
C.They built extensive cave dwellings.
D.They constructed large pyramidal temples.
Correct Answer: They used burnt bricks of a standardized ratio.
Explanation:A distinctive feature of the IVC was the use of burnt bricks for construction, typically in the ratio of 1:2:4.
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11The Indus Valley Civilization is approximately dated to which period?
A.1000 BCE – 500 BCE
B.2500 BCE – 1750 BCE
C.600 CE – 1000 CE
D.5000 BCE – 4000 BCE
Correct Answer: 2500 BCE – 1750 BCE
Explanation:While dating varies, the mature phase of the Indus Valley Civilization is generally placed between 2500 BCE and 1750 BCE.
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12Which site is the only Indus city without a citadel (fortified upper town)?
A.Kalibangan
B.Harappa
C.Chanhudaro
D.Mohenjo-daro
Correct Answer: Chanhudaro
Explanation:Chanhudaro is unique among the major Indus sites as it lacks a citadel; the entire settlement was a single unit.
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13What was the main source of the economy for the Indus Valley people?
A.Hunting and Gathering
B.Agriculture and Trade
C.Warfare and Conquest
D.Fishing only
Correct Answer: Agriculture and Trade
Explanation:The economy was based on flourishing agriculture (wheat, barley) and extensive internal and external trade.
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14The 'Bearded Priest' bust found at Mohenjo-daro is made of which material?
A.Bronze
B.Terracotta
C.Steatite
D.Red Sandstone
Correct Answer: Steatite
Explanation:The famous bust of the 'Priest-King' is carved from steatite and fired.
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15Which of the following animals is not typically represented on Indus Valley seals?
A.Unicorn
B.Bull
C.Lion
D.Elephant
Correct Answer: Lion
Explanation:The lion is notably absent from Indus Valley seals and art, whereas the unicorn (mythical), bull, and elephant are common.
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16The Harappan civilization was the first to produce which crop?
A.Cotton
B.Silk
C.Tobacco
D.Maize
Correct Answer: Cotton
Explanation:The Indus people were likely the earliest to produce cotton, which the Greeks later called 'Sindon' (derived from Sindh).
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17What is the unique water management feature found at Dholavira?
A.The Great Bath
B.A complex system of reservoirs and dams
C.A dockyard
D.Underground canal irrigation
Correct Answer: A complex system of reservoirs and dams
Explanation:Dholavira is famous for its sophisticated water conservation system, featuring large reservoirs and embankments.
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18In the context of Harappan burial practices, what was found at Lothal?
A.Burial of a dog with a master
B.Double burial (Male and Female together)
C.Burial in a sitting position
D.Cremation urns only
Correct Answer: Double burial (Male and Female together)
Explanation:Lothal yielded evidence of double burials, where two individuals (sometimes interpreted as male and female) were buried in a single grave.
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19The term 'Meluha' in ancient Mesopotamian texts is believed to refer to:
A.Egypt
B.The Indus Valley Civilization
C.China
D.Persia
Correct Answer: The Indus Valley Civilization
Explanation:Mesopotamian inscriptions refer to trade with 'Meluha', which historians identify as the Indus Valley region.
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20Which technique was used to make the bronze statues in the Indus Valley Civilization?
A.Chipping
B.Lost-wax (Cire-perdue)
C.Hammering
D.Stone carving
Correct Answer: Lost-wax (Cire-perdue)
Explanation:The 'Lost-wax' technique (Cire-perdue) was used for casting bronze figures like the Dancing Girl.
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21The writing direction of the Indus script is generally believed to be:
A.Left to right only
B.Top to bottom
C.Boustrophedon (Right to left, then left to right)
D.Diagonal
Correct Answer: Boustrophedon (Right to left, then left to right)
Explanation:The script is often written in Boustrophedon style: the first line is written from right to left, and the second from left to right.
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22Which tree was frequently depicted on seals and is believed to have been worshipped?
A.Banyan
B.Pipal
C.Neem
D.Mango
Correct Answer: Pipal
Explanation:The Pipal tree (Ficus religiosa) is commonly depicted on seals and was considered sacred.
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23Which site yielded the evidence of a clay model of a plough?
A.Banawali
B.Ropar
C.Dholavira
D.Harappa
Correct Answer: Banawali
Explanation:A terracotta model of a plough was found at Banawali (Haryana), indicating the use of ploughs in agriculture.
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24Harappa is located on the banks of which river?
A.Indus
B.Ravi
C.Sutlej
D.Ghaggar
Correct Answer: Ravi
Explanation:Harappa is situated on the left bank of the river Ravi.
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25Which of the following was a standard feature of Indus Valley houses?
A.Entrance from the main street
B.Entrance from side lanes
C.Large windows facing the street
D.Absence of courtyards
Correct Answer: Entrance from side lanes
Explanation:To ensure privacy and reduce dust/noise, the entrances of houses were typically from side lanes, not the main streets.
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26The weights used by the Harappans generally followed a binary system in the lower denominations, based on the number:
A.10
B.12
C.16
D.20
Correct Answer: 16
Explanation:The weights proceeded in a series (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, etc.), with 16 being a fundamental unit commonly used.
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27Who led the excavation that discovered the ruins of Mohenjo-daro in 1922?
A.Daya Ram Sahni
B.R.D. Banerji
C.John Marshall
D.S.R. Rao
Correct Answer: R.D. Banerji
Explanation:R.D. Banerji discovered Mohenjo-daro in 1922, shortly after Daya Ram Sahni discovered Harappa in 1921.
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28Evidence of a 'bead-making factory' was found at which sites?
A.Lothal and Chanhudaro
B.Harappa and Mohenjo-daro
C.Kalibangan and Dholavira
D.Ropar and Alamgirpur
Correct Answer: Lothal and Chanhudaro
Explanation:Lothal and Chanhudaro were major industrial centers famous for bead-making (using carnelian, agate, etc.).
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29Which mythical animal is most frequently depicted on Indus seals?
A.Dragon
B.Unicorn
C.Griffin
D.Sphinx
Correct Answer: Unicorn
Explanation:The 'Unicorn' (a bull-like creature with a single horn) is the most common animal motif found on Indus seals.
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30What does the name 'Mohenjo-daro' mean in the Sindhi language?
A.City of Gold
B.Mound of the Dead
C.Garden of God
D.The Great Port
Correct Answer: Mound of the Dead
Explanation:Mohenjo-daro translates to 'Mound of the Dead' in Sindhi.
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31Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Indus Valley pottery?
A.It was mostly wheel-made.
B.It is often referred to as Red and Black ware.
C.It contained geometric patterns.
D.It was primarily Blue Glazed ware.
Correct Answer: It was primarily Blue Glazed ware.
Explanation:Harappan pottery is typically Red and Black ware (red slip with black painted designs). Blue glazing was not a primary characteristic.
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32The drainage system of the Indus Valley Civilization was remarkable for:
A.Using bamboo pipes
B.Open drains running through the center of the street
C.Underground drains covered with stone slabs or bricks
D.Draining directly into drinking wells
Correct Answer: Underground drains covered with stone slabs or bricks
Explanation:The cities had sophisticated covered underground drainage systems with manholes for cleaning.
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33Which stone was imported from Afghanistan by the Harappans for making beads and jewelry?
A.Lapis Lazuli
B.Diamond
C.Emerald
D.Granite
Correct Answer: Lapis Lazuli
Explanation:Lapis Lazuli, a deep-blue semi-precious stone, was imported from the Shortugai region (Afghanistan).
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34Evidence of 'Fire Altars' suggests the practice of fire cults at which site?
A.Mohenjo-daro
B.Harappa
C.Kalibangan
D.Dholavira
Correct Answer: Kalibangan
Explanation:Kalibangan (and also Lothal) yielded evidence of fire altars, suggesting ritualistic fire worship.
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35The male torso statue found at Harappa is made of:
A.Bronze
B.Red Sandstone
C.Grey Stone
D.Terracotta
Correct Answer: Red Sandstone
Explanation:A realistic nude male torso found at Harappa was carved from red sandstone.
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36What is the most likely reason for the absence of temples in the Indus Valley Civilization?
A.They were atheists.
B.Worship was likely personal or nature-based, or temples have not survived/been identified.
C.They only worshipped in open fields.
D.They worshipped kings instead of gods.
Correct Answer: Worship was likely personal or nature-based, or temples have not survived/been identified.
Explanation:No distinct temple structures have been found. Religion likely involved the Great Bath, nature worship (trees/animals), and domestic figurines.
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37Which contemporary civilization traded with the Indus Valley Civilization?
A.Mesopotamian
B.Roman
C.Aztec
D.Mayan
Correct Answer: Mesopotamian
Explanation:The IVC had extensive trade relations with the Mesopotamian (Sumerian) civilization.
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38The easternmost site of the Indus Valley Civilization is:
A.Sutkagen Dor
B.Manda
C.Alamgirpur
D.Daimabad
Correct Answer: Alamgirpur
Explanation:Alamgirpur (Uttar Pradesh) is the easternmost known limit; Manda is north, Daimabad is south, Sutkagen Dor is west.
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39Which animal remains found at Surkotada are considered controversial among historians?
A.Elephant
B.Horse
C.Camel
D.Cow
Correct Answer: Horse
Explanation:Horse bones were reported at Surkotada, but the presence of the true horse in the mature IVC remains a subject of debate among archaeologists.
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40What was the purpose of the 'Granaries' found at Harappa and Mohenjo-daro?
A.Housing soldiers
B.Storing grains for tax/emergencies
C.Religious ceremonies
D.Workshops for artisans
Correct Answer: Storing grains for tax/emergencies
Explanation:The massive granaries were used to store surplus agricultural produce, likely collected as taxes or for emergency distribution.
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41A distinct feature of the 'Priest-King' statue's garment is the:
A.Checkered pattern
B.Trefoil pattern
C.Plain drape
D.Animal print
Correct Answer: Trefoil pattern
Explanation:The shawl draped over the left shoulder of the Priest-King features a trefoil (three-lobed) pattern.
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42Terracotta figurines of women found in large numbers are believed to represent:
A.Queens
B.Mother Goddess
C.Slaves
D.Merchants
Correct Answer: Mother Goddess
Explanation:The abundance of female figurines suggests the worship of a Mother Goddess, indicating a fertility cult.
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43The Indus Valley Civilization is often referred to as the Harappan Civilization because:
A.Harappa was the largest city.
B.Harappa was the capital.
C.Harappa was the first site to be discovered.
D.Harappa was the port city.
Correct Answer: Harappa was the first site to be discovered.
Explanation:In archaeology, a culture is often named after the first site where its unique artifacts were discovered.
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44Evidence of lipstick and vanity cases was found at:
A.Lothal
B.Chanhudaro
C.Kalibangan
D.Harappa
Correct Answer: Chanhudaro
Explanation:Chanhudaro yielded evidence of cosmetics, including lipstick, indicating the grooming habits of the people.
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45Which of the following was not a method of disposal of the dead in the IVC?
A.Complete burial
B.Fractional burial (after exposure)
C.Post-cremation burial
D.Mummification
Correct Answer: Mummification
Explanation:While they practiced complete burial, fractional burial, and pot burials, mummification (like in Egypt) was not a Harappan practice.
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46The famous signboard with ten large-sized signs of the Indus script was found at:
A.Dholavira
B.Mohenjo-daro
C.Rakhigarhi
D.Banawali
Correct Answer: Dholavira
Explanation:A unique 'signboard' consisting of ten large Indus characters made of gypsum was discovered at the gate of Dholavira.
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47Which material was used to make 'Faience' pots?
A.Natural clay only
B.Ground sand or silica mixed with color and gum, then fired
C.Carved stone
D.Beaten metal
Correct Answer: Ground sand or silica mixed with color and gum, then fired
Explanation:Faience was an artificially produced material used to make beads, bangles, and small pots.
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48The social structure of the Indus Valley Civilization was likely:
A.Strictly caste-based
B.Egalitarian
C.Divided by occupation/class
D.Feudal
Correct Answer: Divided by occupation/class
Explanation:The division of cities into a Citadel (ruling elite) and Lower Town (commoners) suggests a class-based or occupational hierarchy.
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49What is the shape of the majority of Indus seals?
A.Circular
B.Square / Rectangular
C.Triangular
D.Cylindrical
Correct Answer: Square / Rectangular
Explanation:Most Indus seals are square or rectangular, though some circular and cylindrical seals have been found.
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50The decline of the Indus Valley Civilization is attributed to:
A.Aryan Invasion only
B.Ecological changes, floods, and tectonic shifts
C.Plague
D.Mongol invasion
Correct Answer: Ecological changes, floods, and tectonic shifts
Explanation:While early theories suggested invasion, modern consensus leans toward ecological factors like drying up of rivers, deforestation, and floods.
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