Tactile sensing helps a robot adjust its grip so that objects are held securely without excessive force.
Incorrect! Try again.
3What is a main feature of a soft robot?
Soft robotics
Easy
A.Rigid metal-only structures
B.Flexible and deformable parts
C.Fixed wheels without joints
D.Stationary electronic controls
Correct Answer: Flexible and deformable parts
Explanation:
Soft robots use flexible materials that can bend or deform to interact safely with people and objects.
Incorrect! Try again.
4Which sensor is useful for detecting bending in a soft robotic arm?
Soft robotics
Easy
A.Barcode printer
B.Flex or strain sensor
C.Smoke detector
D.Loudspeaker
Correct Answer: Flex or strain sensor
Explanation:
Flex and strain sensors measure changes caused by bending or stretching in soft robotic components.
Incorrect! Try again.
5Which sensor can help a welding robot follow a joint accurately?
Robotic arc welding sensors
Easy
A.Keyboard position sensor
B.Audio playback sensor
C.Seam tracking sensor
D.Temperature clock
Correct Answer: Seam tracking sensor
Explanation:
A seam tracking sensor detects the location of the joint so the robot can guide the welding tool along it.
Incorrect! Try again.
6What is the purpose of a welding arc sensor?
Robotic arc welding sensors
Easy
A.To count warehouse shelves
B.To monitor the welding arc
C.To measure tire pressure
D.To identify human voices
Correct Answer: To monitor the welding arc
Explanation:
An arc sensor monitors properties of the welding arc, helping maintain suitable welding conditions.
Incorrect! Try again.
7Which sensor is commonly used to measure the distance to nearby objects?
Use cases of sensor in robot navigation
Easy
A.Ultrasonic sensor
B.Microphone amplifier
C.Color printer
D.Humidity sensor
Correct Answer: Ultrasonic sensor
Explanation:
Ultrasonic sensors use sound waves to estimate the distance between a robot and nearby objects.
Incorrect! Try again.
8How can cameras help a mobile robot navigate?
Use cases of sensor in robot navigation
Easy
A.By increasing wheel size
B.By detecting visual features
C.By producing mechanical force
D.By storing extra fuel
Correct Answer: By detecting visual features
Explanation:
Cameras provide images that help robots recognize objects, paths, signs, and other visual features.
Incorrect! Try again.
9What does an inertial measurement unit, or IMU, commonly measure?
Use cases of sensor in robot navigation
Easy
A.Liquid color only
B.Welding wire thickness
C.Soil nutrient content
D.Motion and orientation
Correct Answer: Motion and orientation
Explanation:
An IMU uses motion sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscopes to estimate movement and orientation.
Incorrect! Try again.
10What does a chemical sensor detect?
Chemical sensing
Easy
A.A robot's wheel diameter
B.A motor's brand name
C.A chemical substance or property
D.A camera's image size
Correct Answer: A chemical substance or property
Explanation:
Chemical sensors identify or measure chemical substances or properties such as concentration.
Incorrect! Try again.
11Which sensor is commonly used to measure acidity?
Chemical sensing
Easy
A.pH sensor
B.Light barrier
C.Proximity sensor
D.Gyroscope
Correct Answer: pH sensor
Explanation:
A pH sensor measures how acidic or alkaline a liquid is.
Incorrect! Try again.
12Which application can use a gas sensor on a robot?
Chemical sensing
Easy
A.Counting motor rotations
B.Measuring wheel height
C.Displaying a map
D.Detecting a gas leak
Correct Answer: Detecting a gas leak
Explanation:
Gas sensors can detect specific gases and warn robots or operators about possible leaks.
Incorrect! Try again.
13Which sensor is often used in a wearable fitness tracker?
Use cases in wearables
Easy
A.Robot gripper sensor
B.Welding seam sensor
C.Heart-rate sensor
D.Industrial gas valve
Correct Answer: Heart-rate sensor
Explanation:
Wearable fitness trackers commonly use heart-rate sensors to monitor a user's pulse.
Incorrect! Try again.
14What can an accelerometer in a wearable device detect?
Use cases in wearables
Easy
A.Chemical acidity
B.Air pressure in tires
C.Metal joint position
D.Movement and activity
Correct Answer: Movement and activity
Explanation:
An accelerometer detects changes in motion, allowing wearables to track steps and physical activity.
Incorrect! Try again.
15Which sensor can help an agricultural robot decide when crops need water?
Use cases of sensors in agriculture
Easy
A.Arc voltage sensor
B.Soil moisture sensor
C.Hand gesture sensor
D.Wheel speed sensor
Correct Answer: Soil moisture sensor
Explanation:
A soil moisture sensor measures water content in the soil and supports irrigation decisions.
Incorrect! Try again.
16How can cameras be used in agricultural robots?
Use cases of sensors in agriculture
Easy
A.To charge robot batteries
B.To sharpen cutting blades
C.To identify crop conditions
D.To increase soil temperature
Correct Answer: To identify crop conditions
Explanation:
Cameras can help agricultural robots inspect crops for growth, weeds, or visible signs of disease.
Incorrect! Try again.
17Which sensor can help a military robot detect nearby obstacles?
Use cases in military
Easy
A.pH sensor
B.Soil nutrient sensor
C.Heart-rate sensor
D.LiDAR sensor
Correct Answer: LiDAR sensor
Explanation:
LiDAR measures distances using light pulses and can help robots detect obstacles and map areas.
Incorrect! Try again.
18What is one use of sensors on an unmanned military vehicle?
Use cases in military
Easy
A.Household meal preparation
B.Remote area surveillance
C.Office document printing
D.Clothing size selection
Correct Answer: Remote area surveillance
Explanation:
Sensors allow unmanned vehicles to observe and collect information from areas that may be dangerous for people.
Incorrect! Try again.
19Which sensor can help a healthcare robot monitor a patient's body temperature?
Use cases in healthcare
Easy
A.Ultrasonic parking sensor
B.Soil moisture sensor
C.Seam tracking sensor
D.Temperature sensor
Correct Answer: Temperature sensor
Explanation:
A temperature sensor measures body temperature and can provide useful patient monitoring data.
Incorrect! Try again.
20How can sensors help a robotic prosthetic hand?
Use cases in healthcare
Easy
A.By replacing all patient training
B.By growing replacement tissue
C.By producing medical medicine
D.By detecting grip force
Correct Answer: By detecting grip force
Explanation:
Force and tactile sensors can help a prosthetic hand control how strongly it holds an object.
Incorrect! Try again.
21A robotic gripper must pick up fragile glass objects without cracking them. Which tactile-sensing capability is most important for this task?
Use cases in tactile sensing
Medium
A.Measuring the rotation speed of a joint
B.Estimating the robot's battery temperature
C.Measuring contact force at the fingertips
D.Detecting the distance to a nearby wall
Correct Answer: Measuring contact force at the fingertips
Explanation:
Contact-force measurements allow the gripper to adjust its grip and avoid applying excessive pressure to fragile objects.
Incorrect! Try again.
22A robot is sorting objects covered by a thin opaque sheet. Which tactile-sensing method would best help it distinguish a hard object from a soft object?
Use cases in tactile sensing
Medium
A.Measuring motor winding temperature
B.Measuring deformation during contact
C.Measuring wireless signal strength
D.Measuring ambient light intensity
Correct Answer: Measuring deformation during contact
Explanation:
The amount of deformation under a known contact force provides information about an object's stiffness.
Incorrect! Try again.
23Why are pressure sensors commonly embedded in pneumatic soft robotic actuators?
Soft robotics
Medium
A.To estimate actuator position from air pressure
B.To eliminate the need for any controller
C.To increase the electrical conductivity of the actuator
D.To measure the color of the actuator surface
Correct Answer: To estimate actuator position from air pressure
Explanation:
In many soft actuators, internal pressure correlates with bending or extension, enabling feedback control of motion.
Incorrect! Try again.
24A soft robotic gripper handles fruits with different shapes and firmness levels. Which sensor arrangement would most directly improve adaptive gripping?
Soft robotics
Medium
A.A single microphone mounted near the controller
B.Distributed pressure sensors along the fingers
C.An accelerometer fixed to the charging station
D.A temperature sensor on the power supply
Correct Answer: Distributed pressure sensors along the fingers
Explanation:
Distributed pressure measurements reveal where and how strongly the fingers contact the fruit, supporting shape-aware grip adjustment.
Incorrect! Try again.
25During robotic arc welding, the workpiece is slightly misaligned from its expected position. Which sensor is most useful for maintaining the weld path?
Robotic arc welding sensors
Medium
A.A thermistor inside the robot base
B.A through-arc current sensor
C.A microphone near the operator station
D.A humidity sensor in the factory
Correct Answer: A through-arc current sensor
Explanation:
Through-arc sensing uses changes in welding current or voltage as the torch moves across the joint to detect deviations and correct the path.
Incorrect! Try again.
26A laser seam-tracking sensor is installed ahead of a welding torch. What is its primary role?
Robotic arc welding sensors
Medium
A.Controlling the shielding-gas composition
B.Replacing the welding power source
C.Locating the joint before the torch reaches it
D.Measuring the robot's joint lubrication level
Correct Answer: Locating the joint before the torch reaches it
Explanation:
A laser seam tracker measures the joint geometry in advance so the robot can correct the torch trajectory before welding.
Incorrect! Try again.
27A mobile robot operates in a warehouse where shelves can change position. Which sensor combination is most suitable for detecting obstacles and updating a local map?
Use cases of sensor in robot navigation
Medium
A.LiDAR with wheel encoders
B.A strain gauge with a gas sensor
C.A microphone with a soil-moisture probe
D.A thermocouple with a barometer
Correct Answer: LiDAR with wheel encoders
Explanation:
LiDAR provides range measurements of obstacles, while wheel encoders estimate motion between observations for mapping and localization.
Incorrect! Try again.
28A delivery robot uses wheel odometry but gradually drifts from its actual position. Which additional sensor would best reduce this accumulated error in an outdoor environment?
Use cases of sensor in robot navigation
Medium
A.A GPS receiver
B.A fingertip pressure sensor
C.A blood-oxygen sensor
D.A welding arc sensor
Correct Answer: A GPS receiver
Explanation:
GPS provides an absolute position reference that can correct the cumulative drift produced by wheel odometry.
Incorrect! Try again.
29A robot must navigate through a dim corridor containing transparent obstacles. Which sensing approach is most reliable as a primary aid?
Use cases of sensor in robot navigation
Medium
A.An air-pressure sensor used alone
B.A soil-pH sensor combined with odometry
C.Depth sensing combined with ultrasonic sensing
D.A visible-light camera used alone
Correct Answer: Depth sensing combined with ultrasonic sensing
Explanation:
Depth and ultrasonic sensors can detect distance information even when lighting is poor, and ultrasonic sensing may help identify some transparent obstacles.
Incorrect! Try again.
30A service robot monitors indoor air quality and must warn occupants when carbon monoxide reaches a hazardous level. Which sensor is required?
Chemical sensing
Medium
A.A carbon-monoxide gas sensor
B.A piezoelectric vibration sensor
C.A capacitive proximity sensor
D.A rotary position encoder
Correct Answer: A carbon-monoxide gas sensor
Explanation:
A carbon-monoxide gas sensor responds to the concentration of CO and can trigger an alarm when a specified threshold is exceeded.
Incorrect! Try again.
31A robotic platform analyzes water from a treatment plant. Which sensor would directly help determine whether the water is acidic or alkaline?
Chemical sensing
Medium
A.A magnetic-field sensor
B.A camera exposure sensor
C.A six-axis inertial sensor
D.A pH sensor
Correct Answer: A pH sensor
Explanation:
A pH sensor measures hydrogen-ion activity, indicating whether a solution is acidic, neutral, or alkaline.
Incorrect! Try again.
32A wearable device is designed to detect whether a user has fallen. Which measurement is most useful for identifying a sudden fall event?
Use cases in wearables
Medium
A.Skin color and ambient brightness
B.Acceleration and body orientation
C.Battery voltage and radio frequency
D.Air humidity and sound pressure
Correct Answer: Acceleration and body orientation
Explanation:
A fall commonly produces a rapid acceleration change followed by an unusual body orientation, which inertial sensors can detect.
Incorrect! Try again.
33A wearable rehabilitation device measures a patient's elbow movement during exercise. Which sensor is most appropriate for estimating joint angle?
Use cases in wearables
Medium
A.A carbon-dioxide sensor
B.A soil-conductivity sensor
C.A welding-voltage sensor
D.An inertial measurement unit
Correct Answer: An inertial measurement unit
Explanation:
An IMU combines accelerometer and gyroscope data to estimate limb orientation and changes in joint movement.
Incorrect! Try again.
34An autonomous irrigation robot must water only crop areas with insufficient moisture. Which sensor provides the most direct measurement for this decision?
Use cases of sensors in agriculture
Medium
A.A motor-current sensor
B.A microphone array
C.A wheel-speed sensor
D.A soil-moisture sensor
Correct Answer: A soil-moisture sensor
Explanation:
Soil-moisture measurements identify dry regions and allow irrigation to be targeted instead of applied uniformly.
Incorrect! Try again.
35A farm robot uses cameras to identify diseased leaves. Which additional sensor would most improve detection when disease changes leaf temperature before visible symptoms appear?
Use cases of sensors in agriculture
Medium
A.A thermal infrared sensor
B.A joint torque sensor
C.A barometric pressure sensor
D.A wheel encoder
Correct Answer: A thermal infrared sensor
Explanation:
Thermal infrared sensing can reveal temperature differences associated with plant stress before changes are obvious in visible images.
Incorrect! Try again.
36An unmanned ground vehicle must detect nearby personnel and obstacles while operating at night. Which sensor combination is most suitable?
Use cases in military
Medium
A.Thermal imaging with LiDAR
B.A strain gauge with a soil sampler
C.A pH probe with a hygrometer
D.A pulse sensor with a colorimeter
Correct Answer: Thermal imaging with LiDAR
Explanation:
Thermal imaging helps detect heat signatures in darkness, while LiDAR supplies geometric distance information for obstacle avoidance.
Incorrect! Try again.
37A reconnaissance drone must maintain stable flight during strong wind gusts. Which sensor data is most important for rapid stabilization?
Use cases in military
Medium
A.Soil pH and moisture data
B.Tactile pressure and force data
C.Gyroscope and accelerometer data
D.Gas concentration and humidity data
Correct Answer: Gyroscope and accelerometer data
Explanation:
Gyroscopes measure angular motion and accelerometers measure linear acceleration, providing the feedback needed for flight stabilization.
Incorrect! Try again.
38A hospital robot transports medication and must avoid entering a patient's bed area. Which sensor is most useful for detecting the boundary around the bed?
Use cases in healthcare
Medium
A.A gas chromatograph
B.A depth camera
C.A welding-current sensor
D.A glucose sensor
Correct Answer: A depth camera
Explanation:
A depth camera measures the three-dimensional arrangement of nearby objects, allowing the robot to identify and avoid the bed area.
Incorrect! Try again.
39A rehabilitation exoskeleton should assist a patient only when the patient begins moving. Which sensor signal would provide the most direct intent cue?
Use cases in healthcare
Medium
A.Ambient light from a photodiode
B.Muscle activity from an EMG sensor
C.Distance from an ultrasonic sensor
D.Room temperature from a thermistor
Correct Answer: Muscle activity from an EMG sensor
Explanation:
An EMG sensor detects electrical activity in muscles, providing an early indication that the patient intends to initiate movement.
Incorrect! Try again.
40A wearable health monitor reports a falsely low heart rate whenever the user runs. Which improvement would most likely reduce motion-related errors?
Use cases in healthcare
Medium
A.Combine optical sensing with inertial data
B.Reduce sampling while the user is moving
C.Replace the sensor with a humidity probe
D.Use only a temperature sensor for heart rate
Correct Answer: Combine optical sensing with inertial data
Explanation:
Inertial data can identify motion artifacts, allowing the system to compensate for errors in optical heart-rate measurements.
Incorrect! Try again.
41A robotic gripper must handle objects whose stiffness is unknown and whose surfaces may be wet. Which tactile-sensing strategy best supports reliable grasping while minimizing object damage?
Use cases in tactile sensing
Hard
A.Use distributed multimodal sensing with force, slip, and contact-location estimation
B.Use proximity sensing to replace physical contact feedback
C.Use force thresholds from rigid fingertip sensors only
D.Use a single high-resolution pressure sensor at the wrist
Correct Answer: Use distributed multimodal sensing with force, slip, and contact-location estimation
Explanation:
Distributed multimodal sensing separates normal force, shear or slip, and contact geometry, allowing the controller to adapt grip force despite uncertainty in stiffness and surface conditions.
Incorrect! Try again.
42A tactile array reports a constant increase in pressure across every taxel immediately after the gripper closes, although the object has not moved. Which diagnosis is most likely, and what compensation is appropriate?
Use cases in tactile sensing
Hard
A.Object slip; increase the grip force immediately
B.Contact fragmentation; increase the sampling interval
C.Global bias drift; estimate and subtract a baseline
D.Taxel saturation; replace the object model
Correct Answer: Global bias drift; estimate and subtract a baseline
Explanation:
A uniform offset across the array is more consistent with temperature-dependent bias, electronics drift, or mechanical preload than with localized contact change. Baseline estimation and recalibration are appropriate.
Incorrect! Try again.
43A pneumatic soft continuum arm bends differently at the same commanded pressure after repeated operation. Which sensing architecture most directly enables closed-loop compensation for this behavior?
Soft robotics
Hard
A.A camera observing only the end effector
B.Embedded distributed strain sensing along the arm
C.A pressure sensor installed upstream of the valve
D.An encoder mounted only at the motor controller
Correct Answer: Embedded distributed strain sensing along the arm
Explanation:
Distributed strain sensing measures the arm's actual shape and captures hysteresis, external loading, and material changes that pressure or endpoint-only measurements cannot observe.
Incorrect! Try again.
44A soft robotic gripper must grasp an irregular fruit without bruising it, but its pneumatic pressure is affected by ambient temperature. Which control variable is most suitable for the primary safety constraint?
Soft robotics
Hard
A.Valve duty cycle alone
B.Commanded chamber pressure alone
C.Measured contact force or pressure distribution
D.Pump current alone
Correct Answer: Measured contact force or pressure distribution
Explanation:
Temperature changes can alter the relationship between commanded pressure and physical contact force. Direct contact measurements better enforce a no-damage constraint.
Incorrect! Try again.
45During robotic arc welding, the seam tracking camera becomes unreliable because of arc glare and smoke. Which sensor arrangement provides the most robust complementary measurement for maintaining torch alignment?
Robotic arc welding sensors
Hard
A.A laser profiler with optical filtering and calibrated standoff sensing
B.A higher-gain camera using the same exposure settings
C.A wrist encoder with no external seam measurement
D.A microphone tuned to the robot's joint frequencies
Correct Answer: A laser profiler with optical filtering and calibrated standoff sensing
Explanation:
A filtered laser profiler can estimate groove geometry and torch standoff using a sensing modality less dependent on visible arc imagery, improving tracking under glare and smoke.
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46A weld robot shows periodic lateral seam-tracking error even though the vision system detects the seam correctly. The error frequency matches wire-feed fluctuations. Which corrective action is most appropriate?
Robotic arc welding sensors
Hard
A.Filter or synchronize measurements with the wire-feed disturbance
B.Disable seam tracking during the entire weld
C.Increase camera resolution without changing control timing
D.Increase robot speed to average out the error
Correct Answer: Filter or synchronize measurements with the wire-feed disturbance
Explanation:
A disturbance at a known periodic frequency can couple into the sensing or control loop. Synchronization, notch filtering, or disturbance compensation can reduce the resulting tracking oscillation.
Incorrect! Try again.
47A mobile robot uses wheel odometry and lidar in a warehouse containing long, repetitive aisles. Which failure mode is most likely if localization relies heavily on scan matching, and which mitigation is strongest?
Use cases of sensor in robot navigation
Hard
A.Geometric aliasing; fuse odometry with distinctive landmarks or IMU data
B.Magnetic interference; remove all reflective surfaces
C.Lidar overheating; increase scan frequency
D.Wheel encoder saturation; lower the motor voltage
Correct Answer: Geometric aliasing; fuse odometry with distinctive landmarks or IMU data
Explanation:
Repetitive aisle geometry can produce multiple plausible scan matches. Odometry, inertial data, or artificial landmarks provide additional constraints for disambiguation.
Incorrect! Try again.
48A delivery robot must navigate indoors where lidar is degraded by transparent doors and cameras are degraded by low light. Which sensor-fusion design is most appropriate?
Use cases of sensor in robot navigation
Hard
A.Fuse lidar, camera, inertial, and wheel measurements with confidence weighting
B.Use camera depth as the only obstacle source
C.Use wheel odometry and increase the navigation speed
D.Use lidar as the only localization source
Correct Answer: Fuse lidar, camera, inertial, and wheel measurements with confidence weighting
Explanation:
Each sensor has environment-specific failure modes. Confidence-aware fusion allows the system to reduce reliance on degraded measurements while retaining complementary information.
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49An electronic nose identifies solvent leaks using an array of partially selective gas sensors. Sensor responses drift with humidity and temperature. Which method best preserves classification accuracy over time?
Chemical sensing
Hard
A.Discard sensors whose baseline changes during operation
B.Normalize responses and periodically recalibrate with environmental references
C.Use a larger fixed alarm threshold for every gas
D.Classify each gas using only the most sensitive sensor
Correct Answer: Normalize responses and periodically recalibrate with environmental references
Explanation:
Array-based chemical identification depends on response patterns. Environmental normalization and reference-gas calibration compensate for drift without discarding useful cross-sensor information.
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50A robot samples air near a suspected toxic plume, but its sensor has a slow response and the robot moves rapidly through the plume. Which design change most improves source localization?
Chemical sensing
Hard
A.Average all readings over the entire mission
B.Model sensor dynamics and combine concentration gradients with wind measurements
C.Use only the peak concentration recorded at the final waypoint
D.Increase the robot speed to collect more samples
Correct Answer: Model sensor dynamics and combine concentration gradients with wind measurements
Explanation:
Slow sensor dynamics distort peaks and introduce lag. Dynamic compensation, spatial gradients, and wind direction together provide a more reliable estimate of plume origin.
Incorrect! Try again.
51A wearable rehabilitation device estimates knee angle using inertial sensors, but readings drift during a long exercise session. Which additional measurement most directly constrains accumulated orientation error?
Use cases in wearables
Hard
A.A joint-mounted mechanical or optical angle reference
B.A higher sampling rate for the existing gyroscope
C.A magnetometer used without magnetic-interference detection
D.A second gyroscope aligned with the first
Correct Answer: A joint-mounted mechanical or optical angle reference
Explanation:
Gyroscope integration accumulates bias error. A joint-angle reference supplies an independent measurement that can correct drift, whereas another similar gyroscope does not guarantee an absolute constraint.
Incorrect! Try again.
52A wearable fall detector must distinguish a true fall from a user quickly sitting in a chair. Which feature combination is most discriminative?
Use cases in wearables
Hard
A.Instantaneous acceleration magnitude only
B.Step count accumulated during the previous hour
C.Acceleration, angular velocity, posture transition, and impact timing
D.Heart rate measured after the event only
Correct Answer: Acceleration, angular velocity, posture transition, and impact timing
Explanation:
Falls involve a characteristic sequence including rapid motion, rotation, impact, and a posture change. Combining these features reduces confusion with ordinary sitting.
Incorrect! Try again.
53A precision-irrigation system uses soil-moisture sensors in fields with strongly varying soil texture. A single moisture threshold causes overwatering in some zones. Which strategy is most appropriate?
Use cases of sensors in agriculture
Hard
A.Replace moisture sensing with air-temperature sensing
B.Apply the threshold globally after averaging all sensors
C.Ignore soil texture and increase irrigation frequency
D.Calibrate each zone and control irrigation using plant-available water
Correct Answer: Calibrate each zone and control irrigation using plant-available water
Explanation:
The same volumetric moisture value can represent different water availability in different soils. Zone-specific calibration and plant-available-water estimates support agronomically meaningful control.
Incorrect! Try again.
54An agricultural robot detects crop stress using multispectral imagery, but shadows and changing sunlight produce false positives. Which processing approach best addresses the issue?
Use cases of sensors in agriculture
Hard
A.Normalize reflectance and include illumination-invariant vegetation indices
B.Use raw intensity thresholds for each spectral band
C.Increase image contrast independently for every field row
D.Classify plants using only the visible red channel
Correct Answer: Normalize reflectance and include illumination-invariant vegetation indices
Explanation:
Reflectance calibration and suitable spectral indices reduce sensitivity to illumination changes while preserving information related to chlorophyll, biomass, and water stress.
Incorrect! Try again.
55An unmanned ground vehicle operates in a GPS-denied urban environment where communications may be intermittent. Which navigation architecture best supports continued operation?
Use cases in military
Hard
A.Remote teleoperation using a high-bandwidth video link
B.GPS waypoint following with longer signal timeouts
C.Dead reckoning alone with no map updates
D.Local sensor fusion with inertial, lidar, vision, and terrain-relative mapping
Correct Answer: Local sensor fusion with inertial, lidar, vision, and terrain-relative mapping
Explanation:
Autonomous local perception and map-based localization reduce dependence on GPS and continuous communications, while sensor fusion limits drift and handles individual sensor failures.
Incorrect! Try again.
56A reconnaissance robot must detect a concealed person in vegetation while minimizing false alarms from warm rocks and sunlit surfaces. Which sensor combination is most effective?
Use cases in military
Hard
A.Long-wave infrared, visible imagery, and motion or shape analysis
B.Ultrasonic range sensing and magnetic sensing
C.Visible camera and wheel encoders
D.A high-resolution microphone and barometric sensor
Correct Answer: Long-wave infrared, visible imagery, and motion or shape analysis
Explanation:
Thermal imagery provides temperature contrast, visible imagery adds texture and context, and temporal or shape analysis helps distinguish people from static environmental objects.
Incorrect! Try again.
57A surgical robot uses force sensing at the instrument tip, but cable friction creates hysteresis between measured motor torque and actual tissue force. Which solution best improves force-limited manipulation?
Use cases in healthcare
Hard
A.Increase motor torque and remove force limits
B.Use joint position alone to infer tissue stiffness
C.Reduce sensor resolution to suppress measurement noise
D.Estimate friction online and calibrate force at the instrument tip
Correct Answer: Estimate friction online and calibrate force at the instrument tip
Explanation:
Transmission friction corrupts torque-based force estimates. Tip-level calibration and friction compensation provide a more accurate basis for enforcing tissue-force limits.
Incorrect! Try again.
58A hospital transport robot must operate near patients, wheelchairs, and IV poles. Which sensing policy most appropriately balances collision avoidance and efficient motion?
Use cases in healthcare
Hard
A.Use a fixed stopping distance for every object
B.Ignore objects classified as stationary during route planning
C.Use only a forward camera with object classification
D.Fuse 3D ranging with semantic detection and velocity-aware safety zones
Correct Answer: Fuse 3D ranging with semantic detection and velocity-aware safety zones
Explanation:
Range sensing supplies geometry, semantic detection identifies object type, and velocity-aware zones adapt stopping behavior to object motion and uncertainty.
Incorrect! Try again.
59A wearable glucose-monitoring system produces occasional physiologically impossible jumps during exercise. Which validation method should be used before triggering an automated insulin adjustment?
Use cases in healthcare
Hard
A.Trigger insulin changes from the largest observed excursion
B.Replace abnormal readings with the previous value permanently
C.Accept every reading because frequent sampling ensures accuracy
D.Use temporal plausibility checks and redundant physiological measurements
Correct Answer: Use temporal plausibility checks and redundant physiological measurements
Explanation:
A safety-critical controller should reject or flag implausible transients using rate limits, signal-quality checks, and independent measurements before applying therapy changes.
Incorrect! Try again.
60A robot must insert a connector into a socket with tight positional tolerance. Vision provides approximate alignment, while tactile sensors detect contact. Which control strategy best handles small pose errors after contact?
Use cases in tactile sensing
Hard
A.Disable tactile feedback after the first contact
B.Increase insertion velocity to overcome misalignment
C.Use force-guided compliance with constrained search along the insertion axes
D.Maintain high Cartesian stiffness in all directions
Correct Answer: Use force-guided compliance with constrained search along the insertion axes
Explanation:
Compliant force control allows the connector to follow contact constraints and search for alignment without excessive lateral force or damage.
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