Multiplying by shifts the transform in : the transform becomes and the ROC shifts by .
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36An LTI system with transfer function is causal AND stable only if all its poles lie:
Analysis and characterisation of LTI systems using the laplace transforms
Medium
A.In the left-half of the -plane
B.In the right-half of the -plane
C.On the -axis
D.At the origin
Correct Answer: In the left-half of the -plane
Explanation:
Causality requires a right-sided ROC; stability requires the ROC to include the -axis. Both hold only when every pole has .
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37A system has . Its poles are located at:
Analysis and characterisation of LTI systems using the laplace transforms
Medium
A. and
B. and
C. and
D. and
Correct Answer: and
Explanation:
Factor the denominator: , giving poles at and .
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38For a causal LTI system described by , the transfer function is:
Analysis and characterisation of LTI systems using the laplace transforms
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Taking transforms with zero initial conditions: , so .
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39A system function has a zero at . This means the system:
Analysis and characterisation of LTI systems using the laplace transforms
Medium
A.Is unstable at DC
B.Blocks DC (zero response at )
C.Has infinite gain at
D.Amplifies DC signals strongly
Correct Answer: Blocks DC (zero response at )
Explanation:
A zero at makes , so the system produces zero output for a DC (constant) input — characteristic high-pass behavior.
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40In MATLAB, which function is commonly used to plot the pole-zero map of a transfer function object ?
Software simulation of system representation and pole zero analysis
Medium
A.pzmap(H)
B.rootmap(H)
C.plotpz(H)
D.polezero(H)
Correct Answer: pzmap(H)
Explanation:
The pzmap command displays the poles (×) and zeros (○) of an LTI system in the complex -plane, aiding stability analysis.
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41Consider the signal . What is the number of finite poles in its bilateral Laplace transform ?
the laplace transform
Hard
A.1
B.3
C.2
D.4
Correct Answer: 3
Explanation:
The term gives one pole at . The term gives a complex conjugate pole pair at , contributing two poles. Total finite poles .
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42A signal has Laplace transform . If the signal is known to be stable (absolutely integrable), what is the correct ROC?
The region of convergence for laplace transforms
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Stability requires the ROC to include the -axis (). Among the strip and half-plane options bounded by poles at and , only the strip contains the imaginary axis. This corresponds to a two-sided signal.
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43Which statement about the ROC of a rational Laplace transform is FALSE?
The region of convergence for laplace transforms
Hard
A.For a right-sided signal, the ROC lies to the right of the rightmost pole
B.The ROC contains no poles of
C.The ROC consists of strips parallel to the -axis
D.The ROC can contain a pole if the signal is bounded
Correct Answer: The ROC can contain a pole if the signal is bounded
Explanation:
By definition the ROC can never contain any pole, since is unbounded at a pole. The other statements are correct properties of the ROC for rational transforms.
45The Laplace transform with ROC corresponds to which time signal?
The inverse laplace transform
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Write . Inverse transforms: and . Thus .
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46For a system , using geometric evaluation, what is as ?
Geometric evaluation of the fourier transform from the pole zero plot
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Geometrically equals the ratio of the zero-vector length to the pole-vector length. As , both vectors from and to have nearly equal (large) lengths, so their ratio .
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47A pole located very close to the -axis at (small ) produces which effect in ?
Geometric evaluation of the fourier transform from the pole zero plot
Hard
A.A sharp peak near
B.A flat response over all
C.A linear phase near
D.A deep null near
Correct Answer: A sharp peak near
Explanation:
The pole-vector length from to is minimized (equal to ) when . Since the pole term is in the denominator, a small length produces a large magnitude, creating a sharp resonant peak.
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48If with ROC , what is the Laplace transform of ?
Properties of the laplace transform
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
The differentiation-in- property states , with the same ROC .
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49Given with ROC , what is the ROC of where ?
Properties of the laplace transform
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Multiplication by shifts the transform to , shifting the ROC by . The new ROC is .
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50Using the initial value theorem, find for .
Properties of the laplace transform
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
The initial value theorem gives only when proper; here degrees are equal so we evaluate for the value associated with the highest-order behavior. Thus .
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51An LTI system has . For the system to be both causal and stable, which condition must hold?
Analysis and characterisation of LTI systems using the laplace transforms
Hard
A.The ROC is , and it exists (system is causal and stable)
B.The ROC is
C.No ROC makes it both; it cannot be causal and stable
D.The ROC is
Correct Answer: The ROC is , and it exists (system is causal and stable)
Explanation:
Causality requires the ROC to be a right-half plane right of the rightmost pole (): . This strip includes the -axis, so the system is also stable. The zero at does not affect the ROC.
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52A causal LTI system is described by . What is its transfer function ?
Analysis and characterisation of LTI systems using the laplace transforms
Hard
53A causal LTI system has . Is this system stable?
Analysis and characterisation of LTI systems using the laplace transforms
Hard
A.Yes, because it has a zero at
B.Cannot be determined without the input
C.Yes, because both poles are in the left-half plane
D.No, because a pole lies in the right-half plane
Correct Answer: No, because a pole lies in the right-half plane
Explanation:
The poles are roots of , i.e. and . For a causal system the ROC is , which excludes the -axis. The pole at makes the system unstable.
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54The feedback interconnection of a forward path with unity negative feedback yields a closed-loop transfer function. For what value of are the closed-loop poles purely on the imaginary axis (marginally stable)?
Analysis and characterisation of LTI systems using the laplace transforms
Hard
A.No positive places poles on the -axis
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer: No positive places poles on the -axis
Explanation:
Closed-loop denominator: . Roots are . The real part is whenever the roots are complex (), and both roots are negative when real (). No positive gives purely imaginary poles, so the system stays stable for all .
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55Why is the Laplace transform preferred over the Fourier transform for analyzing certain LTI systems?
Introduction
Hard
A.It only applies to periodic signals
B.It eliminates the need to specify initial conditions
C.It always gives a purely real spectrum
D.It converges for a broader class of signals, including some that grow exponentially, via the parameter
Correct Answer: It converges for a broader class of signals, including some that grow exponentially, via the parameter
Explanation:
The Laplace transform uses the complex variable . The convergence factor allows transformation of signals for which the Fourier transform does not converge, such as growing exponentials, making it more general.
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56A signal has a Laplace transform with poles at , , and . If the signal is two-sided with a Fourier transform that exists, which ROC is valid?
The region of convergence for laplace transforms
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
For the Fourier transform to exist, the ROC must include the -axis (). Only the strip , bounded by adjacent poles, contains .
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57Find the inverse Laplace transform of with ROC .
The inverse laplace transform
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Complete the square: . Using with , we have , giving .
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58If (convolution), and have ROCs respectively, what can be said about the ROC of ?
Properties of the laplace transform
Hard
A.It is always the entire -plane
B.It equals
C.It equals exactly with no exceptions
D.It contains but may be larger due to pole-zero cancellation
Correct Answer: It contains but may be larger due to pole-zero cancellation
Explanation:
The convolution property gives ROC . If a pole of one transform is canceled by a zero of the other, the resulting ROC can be strictly larger than the intersection.
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59In MATLAB, given a transfer function created by sys = tf([1 2],[1 3 2]), which command correctly returns the poles of the system?
Software simulation of system representation and pole zero analysis
Hard
A.zero(sys)
B.pole(sys)
C.roots(sys)
D.tzero(sys)
Correct Answer: pole(sys)
Explanation:
The pole(sys) function returns the poles of an LTI system object. zero(sys)/tzero(sys) return zeros, and roots operates on a polynomial coefficient vector, not on a tf object.
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60A pole-zero plot generated in software shows a complex-conjugate pole pair at and no other poles. What qualitative behavior does the impulse response exhibit?
Software simulation of system representation and pole zero analysis
Hard
A.An exponentially growing oscillation
B.A pure undamped oscillation at rad/s
C.A decaying oscillation at approximately rad/s
D.A monotonic exponential decay with no oscillation
Correct Answer: A decaying oscillation at approximately rad/s
Explanation:
Complex poles at produce a response of form . The negative real part () causes decay, and the imaginary part () sets the oscillation frequency, giving a damped oscillation.
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