Unit 2: Cloud Computing and Cloud Migration - Practice Quiz

1 Which cloud deployment model provides services for use by the general public?

2 Which deployment model combines two or more distinct cloud environments?

3 Which cloud service model provides virtual machines, storage, and networking resources?

4 Which service model allows users to access complete software applications through the internet?

5 Which cloud characteristic allows users to obtain computing resources automatically when needed?

6 Which cloud characteristic allows resources to expand or shrink quickly according to demand?

7 How many essential cloud characteristics are identified in the NIST cloud computing model?

8 Which organization developed the widely used NIST definition of cloud computing?

9 Which Cloud Cube Model dimension distinguishes an organization's internal cloud from an external cloud?

10 Which Cloud Cube Model dimension describes whether cloud technology uses open standards or vendor-specific technology?

11 What is the main purpose of the initial assessment in the Seven-Step Migration model?

12 Why are application dependencies identified during cloud migration?

13 What is virtual machine migration?

14 Which type of migration moves a running virtual machine with minimal service interruption?

15 What is the primary role of cloud middleware?

16 Which function is commonly provided by cloud middleware?

17 What does data migration mean?

18 What is data streaming?

19 What does cloud interoperability allow?

20 Which approach commonly improves interoperability between cloud services?

21 Several hospitals want to share a cloud platform that enforces common healthcare security and compliance requirements. Access should be limited to those hospitals. Which deployment model is most appropriate?

22 A retailer runs normal workloads in its private cloud but uses public-cloud servers during seasonal demand spikes. Which deployment model does this represent?

23 A company rents virtual machines and storage from a provider. Its administrators install and maintain the operating systems, middleware, and applications. Which service model is being used?

24 Developers want to deploy application code without managing virtual machines, operating-system patches, or the language runtime. Which service model best meets this requirement?

25 An online service automatically increases its computing capacity when traffic rises and releases that capacity after traffic falls. Which cloud characteristic is demonstrated?

26 A provider records each tenant's storage use, network transfer, and processing time for billing and reporting. Which cloud characteristic enables this practice?

27 A hosted platform offers self-service provisioning, network access, pooled resources, and rapid scaling, but it does not monitor or report resource consumption. Which NIST essential characteristic is missing?

28 A cloud environment is reserved exclusively for one organization but is hosted and operated by an external provider. How is it classified under the NIST deployment model?

29 An organization stores data beyond its own security boundary, and an external cloud provider operates the infrastructure. Which Cloud Cube Model labels describe these two aspects?

30 A cloud platform uses publicly documented standards and interfaces that multiple vendors can implement. Which Cloud Cube Model dimension is most directly affected?

31 Before moving an application, a team identifies its dependencies on a local database, identity server, and shared file system. Which step of the Seven-Step Migration model is being performed?

32 After mapping an application's dependencies, engineers discover that its local file-locking mechanism is unavailable in the target cloud. What should they do next according to the migration model?

33 During live pre-copy migration, memory pages modified after being copied are transferred again before a short final pause. What is the primary purpose of this approach?

34 A VM modifies memory pages so rapidly that pre-copy migration repeatedly retransmits them and struggles to finish. Which alternative can reduce repeated page copying?

35 Two cloud applications use different message formats and communication protocols. Which middleware function is most useful for connecting them?

36 An order-processing application must invoke payment, inventory, and shipping services in a controlled sequence while handling failures. Which middleware capability is required?

37 A database must be migrated with minimal downtime while users continue updating the source. Which strategy is most suitable?

38 A streaming system groups sensor events by event time, but some events arrive late because of network delays. Which mechanism helps decide when a time window is sufficiently complete?

39 A company wants applications on two cloud platforms to exchange data without creating a different data format for each provider. Which approach best supports interoperability?

40 Two cloud services use different identity protocols, but users need single sign-on across both services. Which solution most directly addresses the interoperability problem?

41 Several government agencies share an exclusively provisioned cloud with common compliance controls. During demand spikes, sanitized batch jobs are moved to an unrelated public cloud through an orchestration layer that preserves workload portability. Which deployment model describes the resulting composition?

42 A bank uses infrastructure dedicated exclusively to the bank, but the hardware is located in a provider's data center and operated by that provider. Under the NIST deployment definitions, how should this cloud be classified?

43 An organization leases virtual machines from a provider. The provider manages servers, storage, networking, and the hypervisor, while the organization installs its own operating systems and middleware. A vulnerability is discovered in a guest operating-system kernel. Who is normally responsible for patching it?

44 Developers upload application code through a supported framework. The provider controls the operating system, language runtime, scaling system, and servers, while developers control application configuration and data. Which NIST service model is the closest match?

45 A tenant's virtual machines may be reassigned among physical hosts without notice. The tenant cannot select a specific server but may choose a geographic region. Which essential cloud characteristic is most directly illustrated?

46 A cloud service charges a flat annual subscription, but it automatically meters storage, processing time, and network traffic and provides usage reports to both provider and consumer. Does it satisfy the NIST characteristic of measured service?

47 An intermediary combines storage from one provider and analytics from another, adds data integration, and offers the result through one interface and contract. Which NIST cloud actor and activity best describe the intermediary?

48 A portal lets users request virtual machines, but every request enters a queue for manual administrator approval and provisioning. Assuming no policy or regulatory requirement for that approval, which NIST essential characteristic is most clearly absent?

49 Use the Cloud Cube dimensions in this order: location, interface model, security boundary, and sourcing. A dedicated cloud is in a provider facility, exposes proprietary APIs, relies on identity-centric controls rather than a traditional network perimeter, and is operated by the provider. How is it classified?

50 A cloud is physically hosted and operated inside an enterprise, uses open APIs, and permits secure access from any network through identity-aware controls rather than a trusted internal perimeter. Which Cloud Cube classification is most accurate?

51 During a Seven-Step Migration, a team has completed dependency isolation and environment/message mapping. It discovers that the application assumes local session state and a filesystem feature unavailable on the target platform. What should the team do next?

52 A migrated application has passed functional and security testing, but production telemetry shows excessive cross-region calls and unstable autoscaling thresholds. Which Seven-Step Migration activity should now dominate?

53 A pre-copy migration transfers a VM with 16 GiB of memory over a 4 GiB/s link. During copying, memory is dirtied at 1 GiB/s. After the initial transfer, each round copies the pages dirtied during the preceding round. The VM is stopped once at most 1.5 GiB remains. Ignoring overhead, what is the stop-and-copy downtime?

54 Why can a source-host failure immediately after post-copy switchover be more dangerous than the same failure during an early pre-copy round?

55 A service mesh automatically retries timed-out requests. A payment service sometimes completes a charge but loses the response, causing the retry to create a second charge. Which middleware-level change best preserves retries while preventing duplication?

56 A workflow spans a legacy inventory system and a cloud billing service. Neither supports a reliable shared two-phase commit coordinator, but each exposes durable local transactions. Which middleware pattern best handles failures while preserving eventual consistency?

57 A multi-terabyte database must be migrated with minimal downtime while writes continue at the source. Which sequence most reliably avoids both gaps and silent overwrite of newer changes?

58 A stream processor writes to an external database that does not support transactions involving the stream offset. The database does support unique keys and idempotent upserts. Which design provides the strongest practical protection against duplicate effects after crashes?

59 Two cloud services exchange JSON documents that validate against the same schema. One interprets a temperature field as Celsius and the other interprets it as Fahrenheit. Which conclusion is most accurate?

60 A VM image can be imported successfully by two providers, but the application cannot operate at the second provider because identity roles, message delivery guarantees, and managed database semantics differ. What does this demonstrate?