Unit 2: Natural resources and ecosystem - Practice Quiz

CHE110 — Environmental Studies 50 Questions
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1 Which of the following is an example of a non-renewable natural resource?

A. Solar energy
B. Tidal energy
C. Coal
D. Wind energy

2 What is the primary characteristic of renewable resources?

A. They cannot be recycled
B. They can be replenished naturally over a short period
C. They are man-made resources
D. They are available in limited quantities

3 Which term describes resources that are derived from living organisms, such as forests and wildlife?

A. Stock resources
B. Potential resources
C. Abiotic resources
D. Biotic resources

4 What is the major cause of land degradation globally?

A. Crop rotation
B. Mulching
C. Afforestation
D. Overgrazing

5 Deforestation generally leads to which of the following environmental problems?

A. Global warming due to increased CO2
B. Increase in soil fertility
C. Increase in rainfall
D. Decrease in ground temperature

6 Which movement in India is famously associated with the protection of trees and forests?

A. Silent Valley Movement
B. Narmada Bachao Andolan
C. Save the Tiger Project
D. Chipko Movement

7 What is a significant social impact of constructing large dams?

A. Increased biodiversity
B. Creation of new forests
C. Displacement of local communities
D. Reduction in water conflicts

8 Which agricultural practice helps in preventing soil erosion?

A. Over-irrigation
B. Terrace farming
C. Deforestation
D. Monoculture

9 What percentage of the Earth's water is fresh water available for human use?

A. Less than 1%
B. About 70%
C. About 30%
D. About 10%

10 Which of the following creates a conflict over water resources between states?

A. Sharing of river water
B. Construction of check dams
C. Desalination of ocean water
D. Rainwater harvesting

11 What is the process called when fertile land becomes desert due to drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture?

A. Desertification
B. Salinization
C. Eutrophication
D. Stratification

12 Which of the following is a problem associated with the over-exploitation of groundwater?

A. Increased river flow
B. Soil aeration
C. Saltwater intrusion in coastal areas
D. Rising water table

13 Which energy resource is obtained from the heat inside the Earth?

A. Geothermal energy
B. Solar energy
C. Hydro energy
D. Biomass energy

14 What is a major environmental concern regarding nuclear energy?

A. Noise pollution
B. Emission of greenhouse gases
C. Radioactive waste disposal
D. Depletion of oxygen

15 Which gas is the primary component of Biogas?

A. Carbon Monoxide
B. Methane
C. Oxygen
D. Nitrogen

16 The '3Rs' principle for conservation of resources stands for:

A. Read, Register, Recall
B. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
C. Random, Rare, Resources
D. Refuse, Reform, Retain

17 Which individual action contributes most to water conservation in a household?

A. Fixing leaking taps immediately
B. Washing cars with a hose
C. Taking long showers
D. Leaving the tap running while brushing

18 What is 'equitable use of resources' intended to ensure?

A. Maximum profit for industries
B. Resources are used only by the rich
C. Sustainable lifestyles for all
D. Depletion of resources

19 The term 'Ecosystem' was coined by:

A. E.P. Odum
B. Charles Darwin
C. A.G. Tansley
D. Ernst Haeckel

20 Which of the following is an abiotic component of an ecosystem?

A. Fungi
B. Bacteria
C. Plants
D. Temperature

21 Organisms that produce their own food using sunlight are called:

A. Autotrophs
B. Decomposers
C. Saprophytes
D. Heterotrophs

22 What is the primary role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

A. To recycle nutrients
B. To consume herbivores
C. To produce energy
D. To control pollution

23 Which of the following is an example of a Lotic (running water) ecosystem?

A. River
B. Pond
C. Lake
D. Swamp

24 A forest is an example of which type of ecosystem?

A. Artificial
B. Terrestrial
C. Aquatic
D. Marine

25 Which is an example of an artificial (man-made) ecosystem?

A. Crop field
B. Desert
C. Ocean
D. Tropical rainforest

26 In a food chain, the transfer of energy takes place from:

A. Top Carnivore to Herbivore
B. Producer to Consumer
C. Consumer to Producer
D. Decomposer to Producer

27 According to the 10% law, how much energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next?

A. 50%
B. 10%
C. 90%
D. 100%

28 A network of interconnected food chains is called a:

A. Trophic Level
B. Ecological Pyramid
C. Food Web
D. Food Cycle

29 In a grassland ecosystem, a snake eats a frog, which ate a grasshopper, which ate grass. The snake is a:

A. Secondary Consumer
B. Producer
C. Primary Consumer
D. Tertiary Consumer

30 Which ecological pyramid is always upright?

A. Pyramid of Numbers
B. None of the above
C. Pyramid of Energy
D. Pyramid of Biomass

31 The pyramid of numbers in a single tree ecosystem is:

A. Rectangular
B. Spindle shaped
C. Inverted
D. Upright

32 The pyramid of biomass in an aquatic ecosystem (pond) is generally:

A. Inverted
B. Linear
C. Upright
D. Circular

33 The gradual process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time is called:

A. Evolution
B. Adaptation
C. Food Web
D. Ecological Succession

34 Succession that begins on a bare rock where no soil exists is known as:

A. Tertiary Succession
B. Secondary Succession
C. Aquatic Succession
D. Primary Succession

35 Which organisms are typically the 'pioneer species' in Xerosere (rock) succession?

A. Lichens
B. Trees
C. Shrubs
D. Mosses

36 The final, stable community in an ecological succession is called the:

A. Pioneer Community
B. Intermediate Community
C. Seral Community
D. Climax Community

37 Secondary succession occurs in which of the following areas?

A. Sand dunes
B. Bare rock
C. Flooded land or burned forest
D. Newly cooled lava

38 In the hydrological cycle, the conversion of water vapor to liquid water is called:

A. Condensation
B. Transpiration
C. Precipitation
D. Evaporation

39 Which of the following is a consequence of over-extracting minerals from the earth?

A. Soil enrichment
B. Subsidence of land
C. Increase in groundwater level
D. Improvement of air quality

40 What is 'Jhum cultivation'?

A. Hydroponics
B. Shifting cultivation (Slash and Burn)
C. Terrace farming
D. Organic farming

41 Solar cells convert solar energy directly into:

A. Heat energy
B. Chemical energy
C. Electrical energy
D. Mechanical energy

42 Which of the following is an example of an estuarine ecosystem?

A. High mountain lake
B. Deep ocean floor
C. Where a river meets the sea
D. Desert oasis

43 The organisms that feed on dead and decaying matter are called:

A. Herbivores
B. Omnivores
C. Detritivores
D. Carnivores

44 Hydrarch succession takes place in:

A. Sandy areas
B. Bare rocks
C. Wet areas / Water bodies
D. Dry areas

45 Energy flow in an ecosystem is always:

A. Bidirectional
B. Unidirectional
C. Multidirectional
D. Cyclic

46 Which of the following creates the base of an ecological pyramid?

A. Decomposers
B. Secondary Consumers
C. Producers
D. Primary Consumers

47 What is the main problem associated with monoculture forestry?

A. It prevents timber production
B. It reduces biodiversity and depletes specific nutrients
C. It makes the forest less susceptible to disease
D. It increases biodiversity

48 Which renewable energy source relies on the gravitational pull of the moon?

A. Geothermal energy
B. Tidal energy
C. Wind energy
D. Solar energy

49 Which act serves as a framework for water conservation in India?

A. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act
B. The Wildlife Protection Act
C. The Forest Act
D. The Mining Act

50 The functional aspect of an ecosystem includes:

A. Energy flow and nutrient cycling
B. Only biotic factors
C. Only abiotic factors
D. Species composition only