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Unit 5: Reduced Clauses, Connectors and Focus Structures - Practice Quiz

PEL547 — Advanced Communication Skills 60 Questions
0 Correct 0 Wrong 60 Left
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1 Which sentence contains a reduced relative clause?

Reduced relative clauses and adverbial clauses Easy
A. The woman bought a red coat yesterday.
B. The woman is standing near the door.
C. The woman wears a red coat every day.
D. The woman wearing a red coat is my teacher.

2 What is the reduced form of “The books that were written by the author are popular”?

Reduced relative clauses and adverbial clauses Easy
A. The books writing by the author are popular.
B. The books are written by the author are popular.
C. The books written by the author are popular.
D. The books wrote by the author are popular.

3 Which word introduces an adverbial clause of reason?

Reduced relative clauses and adverbial clauses Easy
A. Although
B. While
C. Unless
D. Because

4 What is the main purpose of a connector?

Types of connectors and focus structures Easy
A. To replace every verb
B. To join ideas
C. To change a sentence into a question
D. To describe only nouns

5 Which sentence uses a focus structure?

Types of connectors and focus structures Easy
A. Maria is the person who sent the email.
B. Maria sent the email.
C. Maria has sent several emails.
D. Maria sent an email yesterday.

6 Which word is a preposition?

Connectors, prepositions and conjunctions Easy
A. Under
B. And
C. Although
D. Therefore

7 Which word is a conjunction?

Connectors, prepositions and conjunctions Easy
A. Careful
B. Between
C. Although
D. Quickly

8 Choose the correct word: “We stayed inside ___ the heavy rain.”

Connectors, prepositions and conjunctions Easy
A. because of
B. although
C. because
D. therefore

9 Which connector adds another idea?

Adding and contrasting connectors Easy
A. Instead
B. However
C. Moreover
D. Although

10 Which connector shows contrast?

Adding and contrasting connectors Easy
A. Furthermore
B. Also
C. In addition
D. However

11 Choose the best connector: “The task was difficult. ___, we completed it on time.”

Adding and contrasting connectors Easy
A. Similarly
B. However
C. Furthermore
D. For example

12 Which connector shows a result?

Result and time connectors Easy
A. Before
B. Although
C. Therefore
D. Meanwhile

13 Which connector refers to time?

Result and time connectors Easy
A. Consequently
B. Meanwhile
C. Nevertheless
D. As a result

14 Choose the correct connector: “The roads were icy; ___, the school closed.”

Result and time connectors Easy
A. consequently
B. otherwise
C. meanwhile
D. although

15 Which connector is commonly used to introduce the first point in a list?

Listing connectors Easy
A. Secondly
B. Finally
C. In contrast
D. Firstly

16 Which connector usually introduces the last point in a list?

Listing connectors Easy
A. Finally
B. Moreover
C. Because
D. For example

17 Which sequence correctly lists three points?

Listing connectors Easy
A. Firstly, secondly, finally
B. However, firstly, because
C. Finally, firstly, secondly
D. Therefore, meanwhile, secondly

18 What does fronting mean in sentence structure?

Fronting and inversion Easy
A. Moving an element to the beginning
B. Removing the main verb
C. Changing a statement into reported speech
D. Adding a second subject

19 Which sentence uses inversion after a negative expression?

Fronting and inversion Easy
A. Never have I seen such a view.
B. Have never I seen such a view.
C. I never have seen such a view.
D. Never I have seen such a view.

20 Which sentence is an example of an it-cleft sentence?

Cleft sentences Easy
A. The computer was repaired by John.
B. John was repairing the computer.
C. It was John who repaired the computer.
D. John repaired the computer.

21 Choose the best reduced form of the sentence: "The employees who work in the research division must sign the confidentiality agreement."

Reduced relative clauses and adverbial clauses Medium
A. The employees working in the research division must sign the confidentiality agreement.
B. The employees to working in the research division must sign the confidentiality agreement.
C. The employees worked in the research division must sign the confidentiality agreement.
D. The employees having work in the research division must sign the confidentiality agreement.

22 Which sentence correctly reduces the passive relative clause in "The documents that were submitted yesterday are being reviewed"?

Reduced relative clauses and adverbial clauses Medium
A. The documents having submit yesterday are being reviewed.
B. The documents to submit yesterday are being reviewed.
C. The documents submitted yesterday are being reviewed.
D. The documents submitting yesterday are being reviewed.

23 Choose the sentence in which the adverbial clause is reduced correctly.

Reduced relative clauses and adverbial clauses Medium
A. While prepared the presentation, Maya checked every figure.
B. While was preparing the presentation, Maya checked every figure.
C. While preparing the presentation, Maya checked every figure.
D. While preparation the presentation, Maya checked every figure.

24 Which option correctly identifies the functions of the bold expressions in "Although the deadline was close, the team finished early; what impressed the client was their accuracy"?

Types of connectors and focus structures Medium
A. Time connector and passive structure
B. Result connector and inversion
C. Addition connector and relative clause
D. Contrast connector and cleft structure

25 Which revision uses both a contrast connector and a focus structure correctly?

Types of connectors and focus structures Medium
A. Therefore the plan was costly, what the board convinced was reliability.
B. Moreover the plan was costly, reliability that convinced was the board.
C. Although the plan was costly, it was reliability that convinced the board.
D. Because the plan was costly, it was reliability when convinced the board.

26 Choose the option that correctly completes the sentence: "_____ the heavy traffic, we arrived on time."

Connectors, prepositions and conjunctions Medium
A. Although
B. However
C. Despite
D. Nevertheless

27 Which sentence uses the connector correctly?

Connectors, prepositions and conjunctions Medium
A. Because of the server was failing, the website was unavailable.
B. Because of the server failed, the website was unavailable.
C. Because the server failure, the website was unavailable.
D. Because the server failed, the website was unavailable.

28 Select the best pair to complete the sentence: " the forecast predicted sunshine, the match was canceled the storm."

Connectors, prepositions and conjunctions Medium
A. In spite; since
B. Although; because of
C. However; due
D. Despite; because

29 Choose the connector that best completes the argument: "The software is affordable and easy to install. _____, it includes reliable technical support."

Adding and contrasting connectors Medium
A. Otherwise
B. Moreover
C. Nevertheless
D. Instead

30 Choose the best connector: "The first proposal would reduce costs. _____, it could lower the quality of customer service."

Adding and contrasting connectors Medium
A. Furthermore
B. Similarly
C. Consequently
D. However

31 Which sentence uses whereas correctly?

Adding and contrasting connectors Medium
A. The northern branch exceeded its target, whereas the southern branch fell short.
B. The northern branch whereas exceeded its target, the southern branch fell short.
C. The northern branch exceeded its target; whereas, profits increased.
D. Whereas the northern branch exceeded its target because the southern branch.

32 Choose the best connector: "The laboratory failed to follow the safety procedure; _____, the experiment had to be stopped."

Result and time connectors Medium
A. nevertheless
B. meanwhile
C. consequently
D. similarly

33 Which option correctly completes the sentence? "Please submit the reimbursement form _____ you return from the conference."

Result and time connectors Medium
A. therefore
B. as soon as
C. consequently
D. as a result

34 Choose the grammatically correct sentence.

Result and time connectors Medium
A. By the time the guests had arrived, the presentation already begins.
B. By the time the guests arrived, the presentation had already begun.
C. Since the guests arrived, the presentation had already begins.
D. Until the guests arrived, the presentation has already begun.

35 Which sequence of connectors best organizes three recommendations in a formal report?

Listing connectors Medium
A. Firstly; secondly; finally
B. Firstly; however; therefore
C. Although; because; nevertheless
D. Meanwhile; otherwise; similarly

36 Choose the best connector to introduce the last item in this list: "The training improves accuracy. Secondly, it reduces processing time. _____, it increases employee confidence."

Listing connectors Medium
A. In contrast
B. As a result
C. Finally
D. For instance

37 Choose the correct inversion after a negative adverbial: "Never _____ such a rapid change in consumer behavior."

Fronting and inversion Medium
A. have analysts witnessed
B. did witnessed analysts
C. analysts have witnessed
D. analysts witnessed have

38 Which sentence correctly uses inversion after only after?

Fronting and inversion Medium
A. Only after the audit discovered the company the error.
B. Only after the audit the company discovered the error.
C. Only after did the audit the company discover the error.
D. Only after the audit did the company discover the error.

39 Which cleft sentence places emphasis on the revised budget in "The revised budget persuaded the investors"?

Cleft sentences Medium
A. It was the investors that the revised budget persuaded.
B. The revised budget was what the investors persuaded.
C. What persuaded was the investors by the revised budget.
D. It was the revised budget that persuaded the investors.

40 Choose the correct pseudo-cleft version of "The team needs clearer instructions."

Cleft sentences Medium
A. It needs the team that clearer instructions.
B. That the team needs what is clearer instructions.
C. What the team needs is clearer instructions.
D. What does the team need is clearer instructions.

41 Which sentence most accurately reduces the relative clause in "The proposals that were submitted after the deadline were rejected" without changing the meaning?

Reduced relative clauses and adverbial clauses Hard
A. The proposals having submitted after the deadline were rejected.
B. The proposals submitted after the deadline were rejected.
C. The proposals submitting after the deadline were rejected.
D. The proposals were submitted after the deadline rejected.

42 Which sentence contains a correctly reduced adverbial clause?

Reduced relative clauses and adverbial clauses Hard
A. Reviewed the evidence, the panel issued its decision.
B. Reviewing the evidence, the decision was issued by the panel.
C. Having reviewed the evidence, the decision was issued by the panel.
D. Having reviewed the evidence, the panel issued its decision.

43 Which full clause best reconstructs the reduced phrase in "The documents being examined by the auditors cannot yet be released"?

Reduced relative clauses and adverbial clauses Hard
A. The documents which are examining the auditors cannot yet be released.
B. The documents which are being examined by the auditors cannot yet be released.
C. The documents which examine the auditors cannot yet be released.
D. The documents which have examined by the auditors cannot yet be released.

44 Which sentence preserves both the concessive meaning and the subject reference of "Although she had been warned repeatedly, Maya ignored the security protocol"?

Reduced relative clauses and adverbial clauses Hard
A. Warned repeatedly, Maya ignored the security protocol.
B. Despite she had been warned repeatedly, Maya ignored the security protocol.
C. Although warning repeatedly, Maya ignored the security protocol.
D. Having warned repeatedly, Maya ignored the security protocol.

45 Which connector best expresses an inferential conclusion rather than simple addition or sequence? "The sample was contaminated; ___, the results were excluded from the analysis."

Types of connectors and focus structures Hard
A. Moreover
B. Nevertheless
C. Consequently
D. Thereafter

46 Which sentence uses a conjunctive adverb with correct punctuation and logical meaning?

Types of connectors and focus structures Hard
A. The method is economical, however it is unreliable.
B. The method is economical, however; it is unreliable.
C. The method is economical; however, it is unreliable.
D. The method is economical however; it is unreliable.

47 Which sentence uses despite grammatically and retains the intended contrast?

Connectors, prepositions and conjunctions Hard
A. Despite that the committee objected, the proposal passed.
B. Despite the committee objected, the proposal passed.
C. Despite the committee's objections, the proposal passed.
D. Despite of the committee's objections, the proposal passed.

48 Which completion is correct in formal written English? "The policy was revised ___ concerns raised by independent reviewers."

Connectors, prepositions and conjunctions Hard
A. because
B. owing that
C. due
D. because of

49 Which sentence best expresses unexpected contrast between the two clauses?

Adding and contrasting connectors Hard
A. The forecast was favorable, and the expedition was canceled.
B. The forecast was favorable; furthermore, the expedition was canceled.
C. The forecast was favorable; nevertheless, the expedition was canceled.
D. The forecast was favorable; therefore, the expedition was canceled.

50 Which connector is most suitable in the sentence? "The revised model is cheaper to operate; ___, it requires more frequent maintenance."

Adding and contrasting connectors Hard
A. by contrast
B. similarly
C. as a result
D. in addition

51 Which sentence uses not only ... but also with correct parallel structure and subject–auxiliary agreement?

Adding and contrasting connectors Hard
A. Not only the director did approve the plan, but also the board did.
B. Not only did the director approve the plan, but did the board also.
C. Not only the director approved the plan, but also the board.
D. Not only did the director approve the plan, but the board did also.

52 Which sentence correctly distinguishes a result connector from a purpose connector?

Result and time connectors Hard
A. The valve failed, so the pressure increased.
B. The valve failed, so as the pressure increased.
C. The valve failed, in order that the pressure increased.
D. The valve failed, so that the pressure increased.

53 Which sentence correctly uses by the time to show that one event was completed before a later past event?

Result and time connectors Hard
A. By the time the inspectors arrived, the crew had evacuated the site.
B. By the time the inspectors had arrived, the crew has evacuated the site.
C. By the time the inspectors arrive, the crew had evacuated the site.
D. By the time the inspectors arrived, the crew evacuated the site.

54 Which sentence correctly uses until rather than unless?

Result and time connectors Hard
A. The alarm will remain active until an engineer resets it.
B. The alarm will remain active unless an engineer resets it.
C. The alarm remained active until an engineer will reset it.
D. The alarm will remain active until an engineer would reset it.

55 Which option completes the list with the most appropriate formal progression? "The audit examined, first, procurement records; ___, staffing practices; and, finally, reporting procedures."

Listing connectors Hard
A. in contrast
B. as a result
C. second
D. nevertheless

56 Which sentence uses listing connectors with consistent grammatical structure?

Listing connectors Hard
A. The review considered first costs, secondly risks were manageable, and finally staff morale.
B. The review considered first costs, second risk management, and finally staff morale.
C. The review considered firstly costs, second whether risks were manageable, and final staff morale.
D. The review considered first costs, secondly whether risks were manageable, and finally staff morale.

57 Which sentence correctly applies subject–auxiliary inversion after a negative adverbial?

Fronting and inversion Hard
A. Rarely the committee encountered has such resistance.
B. Rarely did the committee has encountered such resistance.
C. Rarely the committee has encountered such resistance.
D. Rarely has the committee encountered such resistance.

58 Which sentence correctly uses inversion after a fronted conditional phrase without if?

Fronting and inversion Hard
A. Had the witness arrived earlier, would the hearing have begun on time.
B. Had the witness arrived earlier, the hearing would have begun on time.
C. Had arrived the witness earlier, the hearing would have begun on time.
D. The witness had arrived earlier, the hearing would have begun on time.

59 Which cleft sentence correctly focuses on the time of the discovery?

Cleft sentences Hard
A. What was during the second inspection was the defect discovered.
B. It was during the second inspection what the defect was discovered.
C. It was during the second inspection that the defect was discovered.
D. It was the second inspection that during the defect was discovered.

60 Which sentence is a grammatical wh-cleft that focuses on the recommended action?

Cleft sentences Hard
A. What did the committee recommend was postponing the launch.
B. What recommended the committee was postponing the launch.
C. What the committee recommended it was postponing the launch.
D. What the committee recommended was postponing the launch.
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