Employee referral occurs when current employees recommend people they know for available positions.
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13Which is a common recruitment challenge in India?
Recruitment challenges in India
Easy
A.Uniform access to quality education
B.A complete absence of job seekers
C.A mismatch between skills and jobs
D.Identical skill levels across regions
Correct Answer: A mismatch between skills and jobs
Explanation:
Employers may struggle to find candidates whose skills match job requirements despite a large workforce.
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14How can high competition for skilled workers affect recruitment?
Recruitment challenges in India
Easy
A.It makes talent harder to attract
B.It guarantees lower hiring costs
C.It eliminates employee turnover
D.It removes the need for interviews
Correct Answer: It makes talent harder to attract
Explanation:
When many employers compete for skilled workers, attracting and retaining suitable candidates becomes more difficult.
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15Why can geographic diversity create recruitment difficulties in India?
Recruitment challenges in India
Easy
A.Every region has identical industries
B.All applicants prefer the same city
C.Transport is unnecessary for employment
D.Skills and opportunities vary by region
Correct Answer: Skills and opportunities vary by region
Explanation:
Differences in regional skills, infrastructure, languages, and employment opportunities can complicate recruitment.
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16What recruitment challenge may arise from India's digital divide?
Recruitment challenges in India
Easy
A.Interviews must always occur overseas
B.Online applications become legally invalid
C.Some candidates lack digital access
D.Employers cannot publish job descriptions
Correct Answer: Some candidates lack digital access
Explanation:
Unequal access to devices and the internet can prevent some suitable candidates from using online recruitment channels.
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17What is the main purpose of selection?
Selection process
Easy
A.Choosing the most suitable candidate
B.Attracting every available job seeker
C.Increasing the number of job vacancies
D.Transferring all existing employees
Correct Answer: Choosing the most suitable candidate
Explanation:
Selection identifies the candidate who best matches the requirements of the vacant position.
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18What is commonly used for the initial screening of applicants?
Selection process
Easy
A.An application form
B.A resignation letter
C.A payroll register
D.A promotion order
Correct Answer: An application form
Explanation:
Application forms provide basic information that employers use to screen candidates against job requirements.
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19Why are reference checks conducted during selection?
Selection process
Easy
A.To calculate the department's budget
B.To arrange the employee's annual leave
C.To verify the candidate's background
D.To design the candidate's workspace
Correct Answer: To verify the candidate's background
Explanation:
Reference checks help confirm information about a candidate's employment history, conduct, or qualifications.
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20Which document formally communicates a job offer to a selected candidate?
Selection process
Easy
A.Job advertisement
B.Reference request
C.Interview schedule
D.Appointment letter
Correct Answer: Appointment letter
Explanation:
An appointment letter formally offers employment and usually states the position and key terms of employment.
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21A company invites applications from qualified candidates but does not assess or reject anyone at this stage. Which HR activity is the company primarily performing?
Meaning of recruitment
Medium
A.Recruitment
B.Induction
C.Selection
D.Placement
Correct Answer: Recruitment
Explanation:
Recruitment focuses on attracting a pool of suitable applicants, while selection evaluates and chooses among them.
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22A firm's vacancy attracts 500 applications, but only 15 applicants meet the basic job requirements. What does this most strongly indicate?
C.The compensation system encouraged high turnover
D.The recruitment message reached an unsuitable audience
Correct Answer: The recruitment message reached an unsuitable audience
Explanation:
A large but poorly qualified applicant pool suggests that recruitment attracted volume without adequately targeting suitable candidates.
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23Why is recruitment generally described as a positive HR process?
Meaning of recruitment
Medium
A.It replaces assessment with job advertising
B.It eliminates unsuitable people from jobs
C.It guarantees promotion to current employees
D.It encourages qualified people to apply
Correct Answer: It encourages qualified people to apply
Explanation:
Recruitment is positive because it seeks to increase the number of potentially suitable applicants.
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24An organisation receives many qualified applications but finds that most candidates reject its offers. Which recruitment outcome is weakest?
Meaning of recruitment
Medium
A.Employee placement
B.Offer acceptance
C.Applicant attraction
D.Candidate screening
Correct Answer: Offer acceptance
Explanation:
The firm successfully attracted qualified applicants, but its recruitment results are weakened because candidates do not accept the offers.
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25Before advertising a newly created data analyst position, what should HR do first to define the qualifications it will seek?
Recruitment process
Medium
A.Conduct job analysis
B.Arrange induction training
C.Issue appointment letters
D.Perform reference checks
Correct Answer: Conduct job analysis
Explanation:
Job analysis identifies the duties and required competencies that guide recruitment criteria and vacancy communication.
Incorrect! Try again.
26HR discovers that an advertisement generated many applications but very few qualified candidates. Which action best improves the next recruitment cycle?
Recruitment process
Medium
A.Revise the source and vacancy message
B.Shorten the new employee orientation
C.Delay evaluation until after appointment
D.Remove all minimum job requirements
Correct Answer: Revise the source and vacancy message
Explanation:
Changing the recruitment source and clarifying requirements can better target applicants who fit the vacancy.
Incorrect! Try again.
27A company must recruit 30 technicians within two months. Which recruitment objective is most useful for later evaluation?
Recruitment process
Medium
A.Improve the organisation's image among everyone
B.Attract as many applications as possible
C.Complete recruitment at a reasonable time
D.Obtain 90 qualified applicants within six weeks
Correct Answer: Obtain 90 qualified applicants within six weeks
Explanation:
A useful objective is specific and measurable, identifying the required applicant quality, number, and time frame.
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28Which measure best evaluates whether a recruitment source produces candidates who progress successfully through selection?
Recruitment process
Medium
A.Department span ratio
B.Source yield ratio
C.Employee absence rate
D.Training completion rate
Correct Answer: Source yield ratio
Explanation:
A source yield ratio shows the proportion of candidates from a source who reach a later recruitment or selection stage.
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29A firm wants to fill a supervisory vacancy quickly while providing advancement opportunities to current employees. Which method is most suitable?
Recruitment methods
Medium
A.External newspaper advertising
B.Internal job posting
C.Public employment exchange
D.Campus recruitment
Correct Answer: Internal job posting
Explanation:
Internal job posting allows existing employees to apply and supports faster staffing and career development.
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30A technology start-up needs experienced specialists with rare cybersecurity skills and has limited internal sourcing expertise. Which method is most appropriate?
Recruitment methods
Medium
A.Unsolicited walk-in applications
B.Internal transfer programme
C.Specialist recruitment agency
D.General campus placement
Correct Answer: Specialist recruitment agency
Explanation:
A specialist agency is more likely to have networks and expertise for locating experienced candidates with scarce skills.
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31An organisation relies heavily on employee referrals and notices that new recruits have increasingly similar backgrounds. What is the most appropriate response?
Recruitment methods
Medium
A.Use referrals only for senior vacancies
B.Combine referrals with wider external sources
C.Replace selection tests with referral counts
D.Restrict applications to employee relatives
Correct Answer: Combine referrals with wider external sources
Explanation:
Using broader sources alongside referrals can preserve referral benefits while increasing applicant diversity.
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32A company needs a large group of entry-level management trainees who possess recent academic knowledge. Which recruitment method best matches this requirement?
Recruitment methods
Medium
A.Executive search
B.Internal succession
C.Campus recruitment
D.Professional headhunting
Correct Answer: Campus recruitment
Explanation:
Campus recruitment provides direct access to a large pool of recent graduates suitable for entry-level trainee roles.
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33An Indian manufacturer receives many applications from engineering graduates but struggles to find candidates with practical production skills. Which challenge does this illustrate?
The applicants possess formal qualifications, but their job-ready skills do not match the employer's practical requirements.
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34An employer recruits nationwide using only English-language online advertisements. Applications from several regions remain low despite available talent. What should the employer do?
Recruitment challenges in India
Medium
A.Increase interview difficulty across all regions
B.Use regional languages and local channels
C.Replace job descriptions with general notices
D.Limit recruitment to metropolitan candidates
Correct Answer: Use regional languages and local channels
Explanation:
Regional-language communication and local channels improve accessibility in India's linguistically and geographically diverse labour market.
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35A company uses only smartphone-based applications for hiring workers in areas with weak internet access. Which recruitment problem is most likely?
Recruitment challenges in India
Medium
A.Bias caused by structured interviews
B.Duplication caused by internal promotion
C.Overstaffing caused by campus recruitment
D.Exclusion caused by the digital divide
Correct Answer: Exclusion caused by the digital divide
Explanation:
Digital-only recruitment may exclude capable candidates who lack reliable internet access, suitable devices, or digital literacy.
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36A rapidly growing firm discovers that several applicants submitted unverifiable experience certificates from informal-sector employers. Which response is most appropriate?
Recruitment challenges in India
Medium
A.Replace verification with an unstructured interview
Correct Answer: Use consistent background verification procedures
Explanation:
Consistent verification helps assess authenticity fairly without automatically excluding candidates from the informal sector.
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37A retailer wants to assess whether cashier applicants can accurately process transactions under time pressure. Which selection method has the strongest direct relevance?
Selection process
Medium
A.Unstructured interview
B.General reference check
C.Personality inventory
D.Work-sample test
Correct Answer: Work-sample test
Explanation:
A work-sample test directly measures performance on tasks resembling the actual cashier role.
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38Two interviewers ask each candidate different questions and frequently disagree about ratings. Which change would most improve consistency?
Selection process
Medium
A.Allow longer informal conversations
B.Remove written evaluation criteria
C.Rely on first impressions alone
D.Use structured questions and rating scales
Correct Answer: Use structured questions and rating scales
Explanation:
Standardised questions and anchored rating scales improve reliability and comparability across candidates.
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39A selection test gives candidates almost identical scores when repeated, but its scores do not predict job performance. How should the test be described?
Selection process
Medium
A.Both valid and reliable
B.Neither standardised nor reliable
C.Reliable but not valid
D.Valid but not reliable
Correct Answer: Reliable but not valid
Explanation:
Stable scores indicate reliability, but failure to predict relevant job performance indicates poor validity.
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40After interviews, two equally qualified finalists remain. One has stronger job-related test results, while the other is personally preferred by the manager. What should guide the decision?
Using predefined, job-related criteria supports a fairer and more defensible selection decision.
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41A firm doubles its applicant volume through a viral campaign, but the proportion meeting essential job criteria falls from 40% to 12%, recruiter workload rises, and vacancies remain open longer. Which interpretation is most accurate?
Meaning of recruitment
Hard
A.Selection weakened because the final hiring standard remained unchanged
B.Selection improved because recruiters rejected more unsuitable applicants
C.Recruitment weakened because qualified applicant generation deteriorated
D.Recruitment improved because total applicant reach increased substantially
Correct Answer: Recruitment weakened because qualified applicant generation deteriorated
Explanation:
Recruitment aims to attract an adequate pool of suitable candidates, not merely maximize application volume. Qualified-applicant yield and vacancy fulfillment are more meaningful indicators.
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42An organization contacts specialists who are not actively job hunting and invites them to join a talent community, although no immediate vacancy exists. How should this activity be classified?
Meaning of recruitment
Hard
A.Selection, because potential candidates are being informally evaluated
B.Induction, because organizational information is shared before employment
C.Recruitment, because a prospective candidate pool is being cultivated
D.Placement, because specialists are being associated with future roles
Correct Answer: Recruitment, because a prospective candidate pool is being cultivated
Explanation:
Recruitment includes identifying, engaging, and attracting prospective candidates. It can build a pipeline before a specific selection decision is required.
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43A company advertises vacancies internally to all eligible employees before assessing any applicant. Which distinction between recruitment and selection does this illustrate?
Meaning of recruitment
Hard
A.Recruitment creates awareness and access; selection subsequently chooses among applicants
B.Recruitment verifies employee performance; selection subsequently redesigns the vacant positions
C.Recruitment appoints internal candidates; selection subsequently negotiates their compensation
D.Recruitment determines employee suitability; selection subsequently communicates the vacancies
Correct Answer: Recruitment creates awareness and access; selection subsequently chooses among applicants
Explanation:
Internal vacancy communication attracts eligible employees into the applicant pool. Comparing those applicants and choosing one belongs to selection.
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44A realistic job preview reduces offer acceptance from 82% to 70% but lowers six-month voluntary turnover from 30% to 10%. What is the strongest interpretation?
Meaning of recruitment
Hard
A.Recruitment became unlawful because negative job information discouraged some applicants
B.Selection necessarily failed because candidates received unfavorable organizational information
C.Recruitment necessarily failed because fewer candidates accepted the employment offer
Balanced job information can cause poorly matched candidates to withdraw while improving post-entry fit. Recruitment effectiveness must therefore include retention and fit, not only acceptance.
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45A recruitment funnel begins with 1,200 applicants. Eligibility screening retains 50%, testing retains 40% of those, interviews retain 50%, 80% accept offers, and 90% of accepters actually join. What is the expected number of joining employees?
Recruitment process
Hard
A.48.0
B.86.4
C.96.0
D.108.0
Correct Answer: 86.4
Explanation:
The expected number is . Fractional output is valid as an expected value.
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46Source P costs ₹9 lakh and produces 800 applicants, of whom 25% receive offers, 60% accept, and 75% remain after 90 days. Source Q costs ₹12.96 lakh and produces 500 applicants, of whom 36% receive offers, 75% accept, and 80% remain. Which source has the lower cost per 90-day retained hire?
Recruitment process
Hard
A.Source P at ₹10,000 per retained hire
B.Source Q at ₹12,000 per retained hire
C.Source P at ₹12,000 per retained hire
D.Source Q at ₹10,000 per retained hire
Correct Answer: Source P at ₹10,000 per retained hire
47A firm can interview at most 200 candidates monthly, but 250 qualified candidates already reach that stage. Interview pass rate is 50% and offer acceptance is 80%. Which conclusion best reflects the funnel constraint?
Interview capacity is the binding constraint. More upstream candidates cannot increase throughput, but better interview or acceptance conversion can raise hires from the fixed interview volume.
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48After recruitment begins, managers substantially change a role from routine reporting to advanced predictive modelling. What is the most defensible process response?
Recruitment process
Hard
A.Revalidate the job analysis and criteria before continuing candidate assessment
B.Increase advertising volume while retaining the original person specification
C.Complete interviews and assess the new competencies only after appointment
D.Continue sourcing because changing criteria would disadvantage existing applicants
Correct Answer: Revalidate the job analysis and criteria before continuing candidate assessment
Explanation:
A material role change invalidates the original job and person specifications. Recruitment and assessment criteria should be realigned before decisions continue.
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49Employee referrals generate high-performing hires but disproportionately reproduce the demographic composition of existing teams. Which redesign best preserves their benefits while reducing systemic risk?
Recruitment methods
Hard
A.Limit referrals to senior employees with long organizational tenure
B.Automatically shortlist referrals but apply common criteria during final interviews
C.Replace referrals entirely with unstructured walk-in interviews
D.Combine referrals with open sourcing, structured criteria, and subgroup audits
Correct Answer: Combine referrals with open sourcing, structured criteria, and subgroup audits
50A recruiter wants to determine whether advertisement wording, rather than regional labour-market differences, causes a higher qualified-application rate. Which design provides the strongest evidence?
Recruitment methods
Hard
A.Show each advertisement in different regions and compare total applications
B.Use one advertisement in one region and compare it with last year's results
C.Randomly assign advertisement versions within the same target labour markets
D.Ask newly hired employees which advertisement they personally preferred
Correct Answer: Randomly assign advertisement versions within the same target labour markets
Explanation:
Within-market random assignment balances regional conditions and supports a causal estimate of the wording's effect on qualified applications.
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51A company needs specialists in a scarce emerging technology. Most qualified people are employed, rarely visit general job portals, and participate in small professional communities. Which method is most appropriate?
Recruitment methods
Hard
A.General job-board advertising supported by automated application expansion
B.Direct sourcing supported by specialist communities and targeted referrals
C.Internal circulars supported by organization-wide employee self-nomination
D.Broad newspaper advertising supported by unscreened walk-in applications
Correct Answer: Direct sourcing supported by specialist communities and targeted referrals
Explanation:
Scarce passive candidates are more effectively reached through direct outreach, specialist networks, and informed referrals than through broad applicant-driven channels.
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52A firm must fill a leadership role quickly. Strong succession candidates possess firm-specific knowledge, but the strategy also requires capabilities currently absent from the organization. Which approach best manages the trade-off?
Recruitment methods
Hard
A.Use internal recruitment exclusively because firm-specific knowledge dominates all criteria
B.Run concurrent internal and targeted external searches against identical role criteria
C.Delay recruitment until internal candidates acquire every capability in the specification
D.Use external recruitment exclusively because strategic change invalidates internal experience
Correct Answer: Run concurrent internal and targeted external searches against identical role criteria
Explanation:
Concurrent searches preserve access to internal knowledge while testing whether external candidates offer scarce capabilities. Common criteria permit a defensible comparison.
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53An employer's app-only recruitment campaign produces few applicants from districts where suitable workers have limited data access and share mobile devices. Which intervention most directly addresses the structural barrier?
Recruitment challenges in India
Hard
A.Restrict applications to desktop devices to improve document verification
B.Use low-bandwidth mobile channels, local facilitation, and offline alternatives
C.Centralize advertising in English-language national employment websites
D.Increase online aptitude-test difficulty to identify digitally fluent candidates
Correct Answer: Use low-bandwidth mobile channels, local facilitation, and offline alternatives
Explanation:
A multimodal approach reduces exclusion caused by connectivity, device access, and digital literacy while preserving access for otherwise qualified candidates.
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54Applicants possess formally similar degrees, yet their job-relevant proficiency varies widely because educational quality and practical exposure differ. Which response is most defensible?
Recruitment challenges in India
Hard
A.Rank candidates solely by degree title because it provides a uniform benchmark
B.Add validated work samples and skill assessments linked to actual job requirements
C.Raise experience requirements uniformly because tenure guarantees practical competence
D.Rank candidates solely by institution reputation because it predicts all job skills
Correct Answer: Add validated work samples and skill assessments linked to actual job requirements
Explanation:
Job-related assessments directly evaluate competence and reduce dependence on educational credentials that may not be comparable across institutions.
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55A national employer translates a screening test into several Indian languages. Scores differ sharply by language version even among candidates with comparable experience. What should the employer do next?
Recruitment challenges in India
Hard
A.Examine translation equivalence and differential item functioning before operational use
B.Use only the English version because a single language guarantees test validity
C.Assume the differences represent genuine regional variations in candidate ability
D.Normalize every language group to the same mean without further investigation
Correct Answer: Examine translation equivalence and differential item functioning before operational use
Explanation:
Literal translation does not ensure measurement equivalence. Differential item analysis can identify items whose difficulty changes for reasons unrelated to the target competency.
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56A company has high offer acceptance but frequent pre-joining withdrawal for roles requiring relocation to expensive metropolitan areas. Exit calls cite housing costs, family constraints, and unclear work-location expectations. Which response best targets the problem?
Recruitment challenges in India
Hard
A.Provide realistic location information, flexible-location options, and pre-joining support
B.Add more interview rounds to test each candidate's technical commitment
C.Increase application volume without changing location or relocation communication
D.Issue offers earlier while withholding location details until the joining date
Correct Answer: Provide realistic location information, flexible-location options, and pre-joining support
Explanation:
The evidence points to mobility and expectation barriers rather than applicant scarcity or technical quality. Realistic information and relocation support directly address those barriers.
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57Only 20% of applicants would succeed on a job. A selection test correctly passes 80% of eventual successes and correctly rejects 70% of eventual failures. What is the probability that an applicant who passes would succeed?
Selection process
Hard
A.80%
B.30%
C.40%
D.70%
Correct Answer: 40%
Explanation:
The successful-pass proportion is , while the unsuccessful-pass proportion is . Thus the posterior probability is .
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58A predictor correlates with job performance. Its reliability is , and the performance criterion's reliability is . Using correction for attenuation, what is the estimated correlation between the underlying constructs?
Selection process
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
The corrected estimate is . This assumes unreliability is the relevant source of attenuation.
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59A safety-critical position legally requires certification, while cognitive ability, experience, and interview performance can compensate for one another among certified applicants. Which selection architecture is most appropriate?
Selection process
Hard
A.A certification hurdle followed by a compensatory assessment of remaining predictors
B.A random certification check followed by an unstructured managerial interview
C.A fully compensatory model including certification as one weighted predictor
D.A compensatory assessment followed by optional certification after appointment
Correct Answer: A certification hurdle followed by a compensatory assessment of remaining predictors
Explanation:
A non-negotiable legal requirement should operate as an initial hurdle. Compensable predictors can then be combined for candidates who meet that requirement.
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60Group A has 120 selections from 200 applicants, while Group B has 72 selections from 150 applicants. Under the four-fifths heuristic, which statement is accurate?
Selection process
Hard
A.The ratio is , so the heuristic is met but does not prove fairness
B.The ratio is , so the heuristic conclusively proves discrimination
C.The ratio is , so Group B has the more favorable selection rate
D.The ratio is , so the heuristic clearly indicates adverse impact
Correct Answer: The ratio is , so the heuristic is met but does not prove fairness
Explanation:
Selection rates are and ; therefore, the ratio is . Meeting the heuristic does not by itself establish legal or substantive fairness.
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