Unit 6: Market Structure - Practice Quiz

DEECO515 60 Questions
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1 What does the term market structure primarily refer to?

introduction to market structure Easy
A. The organizational characteristics of a market such as number of firms and nature of products
B. The government tax policy applied to sellers
C. The physical location where goods are traded
D. The total profit earned by all firms in an economy

2 Which of the following is a key basis for classifying market structures?

introduction to market structure Easy
A. The nationality of the buyers
B. The number of sellers in the market
C. The color of the products sold
D. The age of the firms operating

3 Which market structure has the largest number of sellers?

introduction to market structure Easy
A. Perfect competition
B. Oligopoly
C. Monopoly
D. Duopoly

4 A market with a single seller is known as a:

introduction to market structure Easy
A. Oligopoly
B. Monopoly
C. Monopsony
D. Perfect competition

5 In perfect competition, an individual firm is best described as a:

price and output determination under perfect competition Easy
A. Price leader
B. Price taker
C. Price regulator
D. Price maker

6 The demand curve faced by a firm under perfect competition is:

price and output determination under perfect competition Easy
A. Perfectly elastic (horizontal)
B. Downward sloping and steep
C. Perfectly inelastic (vertical)
D. Upward sloping

7 For a firm in perfect competition, price is equal to:

price and output determination under perfect competition Easy
A. Marginal cost minus average cost
B. Only total cost
C. Marginal revenue and average revenue
D. Only fixed cost

8 The profit-maximizing condition common to firms in all market structures is:

price and output determination under perfect competition Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.

9 In long-run equilibrium under perfect competition, firms earn:

price and output determination under perfect competition Easy
A. Zero total revenue
B. Only normal profit
C. Large supernormal profit
D. Continuous losses

10 Which of the following is a feature of perfect competition?

price and output determination under perfect competition Easy
A. Highly differentiated products
B. Homogeneous products
C. Barriers to entry
D. A single dominant firm

11 A monopolist's demand curve is:

monopoly and monopolistic competition Easy
A. Downward sloping
B. Upward sloping
C. Perfectly elastic
D. Horizontal

12 Under monopoly, marginal revenue is:

monopoly and monopolistic competition Easy
A. Less than price (average revenue)
B. Always zero
C. Greater than price
D. Equal to price

13 Which of the following best describes a barrier to entry in a monopoly?

monopoly and monopolistic competition Easy
A. Identical products across sellers
B. Control over a key raw material
C. Free flow of information to all buyers
D. A very large number of competing firms

14 The practice of charging different prices to different buyers for the same product is called:

monopoly and monopolistic competition Easy
A. Price discrimination
B. Price parity
C. Price ceiling
D. Price averaging

15 Monopolistic competition is characterized by:

monopoly and monopolistic competition Easy
A. Firms selling perfectly identical goods
B. A few large interdependent firms
C. Many sellers offering differentiated products
D. A single seller of a unique product

16 Product differentiation under monopolistic competition means:

monopoly and monopolistic competition Easy
A. Only one product exists
B. Products are made by a single firm
C. Products are similar but not identical
D. Products are exactly the same

17 Which activity is especially important for firms in monopolistic competition?

monopoly and monopolistic competition Easy
A. Selling homogeneous goods
B. Advertising and selling costs
C. Eliminating all competitors
D. Fixing a single market price

18 In the long run, firms under monopolistic competition tend to earn:

monopoly and monopolistic competition Easy
A. Only normal profit
B. Very high supernormal profit
C. Guaranteed losses
D. Zero revenue

19 A key difference between monopoly and perfect competition is that a monopolist:

monopoly and monopolistic competition Easy
A. Faces a horizontal demand curve
B. Sells a homogeneous product
C. Can influence the market price
D. Must accept the market price

20 Which market structure is characterized by a few large firms that are interdependent?

introduction to market structure Easy
A. Perfect competition
B. Monopolistic competition
C. Oligopoly
D. Monopoly

21 A firm sells a product identical to those of thousands of rivals, has no control over price, and faces no barriers to entry. Which market structure best describes this situation?

introduction to market structure Medium
A. Monopolistic competition
B. Monopoly
C. Oligopoly
D. Perfect competition

22 Product differentiation is a key feature that separates monopolistic competition from perfect competition mainly because it gives each firm:

introduction to market structure Medium
A. Some control over its own price
B. Zero fixed costs
C. A perfectly elastic demand curve
D. A patent over its product

23 Which of the following would most strongly indicate that a market is a monopoly rather than an oligopoly?

introduction to market structure Medium
A. A single seller with no close substitutes
B. Many firms selling differentiated goods
C. Free entry and exit of firms
D. A few large interdependent firms

24 For a firm in perfect competition, the demand curve it faces is:

price and output determination under perfect competition Medium
A. Perfectly inelastic (vertical)
B. Perfectly elastic (horizontal)
C. Downward sloping and steep
D. Upward sloping

25 A perfectly competitive firm maximises profit by producing where:

price and output determination under perfect competition Medium
A.
B. is at its minimum
C. and is rising
D.

26 In perfect competition, the market price is $10 and a firm's average total cost at its profit-maximising output is $12. In the short run, the firm should:

price and output determination under perfect competition Medium
A. Increase output until
B. Continue producing if price exceeds average variable cost
C. Raise its price to $12
D. Shut down immediately regardless of costs

27 The short-run shutdown point of a perfectly competitive firm occurs where price equals the minimum of:

price and output determination under perfect competition Medium
A. Marginal cost
B. Average fixed cost
C. Average total cost
D. Average variable cost

28 In long-run equilibrium under perfect competition, each firm earns:

price and output determination under perfect competition Medium
A. Persistent economic losses
B. Profit equal to total fixed cost
C. Only normal profit ()
D. Maximum supernormal profit

29 A competitive firm faces a market price of $8. Its marginal cost function is $MC = 2 + 2Q$. Its profit-maximising output is:

price and output determination under perfect competition Medium
A. 6 units
B. 5 units
C. 4 units
D. 3 units

30 The short-run supply curve of a perfectly competitive firm is its:

price and output determination under perfect competition Medium
A. Average total cost curve
B. Average variable cost curve above
C. Marginal cost curve above minimum
D. Entire marginal cost curve

31 A monopolist maximises profit by choosing output where and then sets price according to the:

monopoly and monopolistic competition Medium
A. Marginal revenue curve
B. Marginal cost curve
C. Demand (AR) curve at that output
D. Average variable cost curve

32 For a monopolist, why does marginal revenue lie below the price (average revenue) at every output beyond the first unit?

monopoly and monopolistic competition Medium
A. The demand curve is horizontal
B. Price must be cut on all units to sell one more
C. Marginal cost always exceeds marginal revenue
D. Fixed costs reduce marginal revenue

33 A monopolist faces demand and constant . Its profit-maximising output is:

monopoly and monopolistic competition Medium
A. 40 units
B. 30 units
C. 20 units
D. 25 units

34 Using demand with profit-maximising output , the price the monopolist charges is:

monopoly and monopolistic competition Medium
A. $40
B. $60
C. $80
D. $20

35 Compared with perfect competition, a monopoly typically results in:

monopoly and monopolistic competition Medium
A. Lower price and higher output
B. Higher price and lower output
C. Higher price and higher output
D. Same price and same output

36 Price discrimination by a monopolist is possible only when the firm can:

monopoly and monopolistic competition Medium
A. Charge below marginal cost
B. Separate markets and prevent resale between them
C. Sell an identical price to all buyers
D. Face a perfectly elastic demand curve

37 In long-run equilibrium under monopolistic competition, a typical firm earns only normal profit because:

monopoly and monopolistic competition Medium
A. Free entry shifts each firm's demand until
B. The demand curve becomes perfectly elastic
C. Marginal cost equals zero
D. Firms collude to fix prices

38 A key source of inefficiency under monopolistic competition is that in long-run equilibrium the firm produces where:

monopoly and monopolistic competition Medium
A. at minimum
B. with excess demand
C. and output is below minimum
D. so it shuts down

39 Which activity is most characteristic of firms in monopolistic competition but not perfect competition?

monopoly and monopolistic competition Medium
A. Being pure price takers
B. Non-price competition through advertising and branding
C. Selling at the single market-clearing price
D. Producing perfectly identical goods

40 A monopolist's total revenue is maximised at the output where:

monopoly and monopolistic competition Medium
A. Average revenue is at its maximum
B. Price equals marginal cost
C. Marginal cost equals zero
D. Marginal revenue equals zero

41 A perfectly competitive firm has the total cost function . The market price is . What is the profit-maximizing output and the resulting profit?

price and output determination under perfect competition Hard
A. , profit
B. , profit
C. , profit
D. , profit

42 A monopolist faces demand with (constant). What is the Lerner Index of monopoly power at the profit-maximizing output?

monopoly and monopolistic competition Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

43 A competitive firm's total cost is . Below what price should the firm shut down in the short run?

price and output determination under perfect competition Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

44 A monopolist practices first-degree (perfect) price discrimination. Compared to a single-price monopoly, which statement is correct?

monopoly and monopolistic competition Hard
A. Output is lower and consumer surplus increases
B. Output equals the competitive level but deadweight loss remains
C. Output is lower and total surplus falls
D. Output equals the competitive level and deadweight loss is zero

45 In long-run equilibrium under monopolistic competition, which condition holds true?

monopoly and monopolistic competition Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

46 The market demand is and market supply is . If a per-unit tax of is imposed on producers, what is the new price paid by consumers?

price and output determination under perfect competition Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

47 A monopolist has and faces a demand with price elasticity of at the current price. Using the inverse elasticity rule, what is the profit-maximizing price?

monopoly and monopolistic competition Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 Two firms have market shares of and ; a second market has shares and . Comparing Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) values, which is correct?

introduction to market structure Hard
A. Second market HHI , more concentrated
B. Second market HHI , less concentrated
C. Both markets have identical HHI
D. First market HHI , more concentrated

49 In long-run competitive equilibrium, a firm's cost gives minimum average cost of at output . Which statement must be true?

price and output determination under perfect competition Hard
A. and firms earn positive profit
B. and firms earn accounting losses
C. and each firm earns zero economic profit
D. and firms exit the market

50 A monopolist faces and . What is the deadweight loss relative to the competitive outcome?

monopoly and monopolistic competition Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

51 Which combination of features uniquely distinguishes monopolistic competition from both perfect competition and monopoly?

introduction to market structure Hard
A. Few firms, homogeneous product, and barriers to entry
B. Single firm, differentiated product, and free entry
C. Many firms, homogeneous product, and free entry
D. Many firms, product differentiation, and free entry/exit

52 A competitive industry has 100 identical firms, each with . Market demand is . What is the equilibrium market price?

price and output determination under perfect competition Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

53 A natural monopoly has declining average cost throughout the relevant range. If a regulator sets price equal to marginal cost, what problem arises?

monopoly and monopolistic competition Hard
A. Output falls below the socially optimal level
B. The firm produces where voluntarily
C. The firm earns supernormal profit because
D. The firm incurs losses because

54 A monopolist sells in two separable markets: Market 1 has elasticity , Market 2 has elasticity . Which market receives the higher price?

monopoly and monopolistic competition Hard
A. Market 1, because it has higher marginal revenue
B. Market 2, because its demand is less elastic
C. Both markets get equal prices
D. Market 1, because its demand is more elastic

55 A competitive firm faces price with . At what positive output does the firm maximize profit?

price and output determination under perfect competition Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

56 For a monopolist, marginal revenue is expressed as . If demand is unit elastic (), what is true of and total revenue?

monopoly and monopolistic competition Hard
A. and total revenue is falling
B. and total revenue is maximized
C. and total revenue is constant
D. and total revenue is rising

57 A market has firms with shares . What is the four-firm concentration ratio and what does it imply?

introduction to market structure Hard
A. , indicating a highly concentrated oligopoly
B. , indicating a duopoly
C. , indicating a dominant firm
D. , indicating a competitive market

58 In a constant-cost competitive industry, demand rises permanently. What describes the long-run adjustment?

price and output determination under perfect competition Hard
A. Price rises and the number of firms stays fixed
B. Price falls below the original level and firms exit
C. Price returns to its original level and industry output expands
D. Price rises permanently and firm output expands

59 A monopolistically competitive firm earns short-run economic profit. Which sequence correctly describes the movement to long-run equilibrium?

monopoly and monopolistic competition Hard
A. New firms enter, the firm's demand shifts right, profit increases
B. New firms enter, the firm's demand curve shifts left and becomes more elastic, profit falls to zero
C. The firm raises price, demand becomes less elastic, profit persists
D. Existing firms exit, the firm's demand shifts right, profit rises further

60 Compared with perfect competition, a monopolistically competitive firm in long-run equilibrium exhibits which inefficiency?

monopoly and monopolistic competition Hard
A. It produces at minimum AC with no excess capacity
B. It earns persistent supernormal profit
C. It sets price equal to marginal cost
D. It produces below minimum AC output, leaving excess capacity