Unit 8: Budgetary Control - Practice Quiz

DEACC506 60 Questions
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1 A budget is best defined as a plan that is expressed primarily in:

Meaning and Types of Budgets Easy
A. Historical records of past transactions
B. Quantitative or financial terms for a future period
C. Qualitative descriptions of company goals
D. Random estimates without any time frame

2 Budgetary control primarily involves comparing actual results with:

Need and Steps involved in Budgetary Control Easy
A. Industry stock prices
B. Previous year's tax returns
C. Budgeted figures to take corrective action
D. Competitors' financial statements

3 A cash budget shows the estimated:

Preparation of Cash Budget Easy
A. Net profit earned during the year
B. Total sales revenue only
C. Cash receipts and cash payments over a period
D. Value of fixed assets held

4 A flexible budget is one that:

Preparation of Flexible Budget Easy
A. Is prepared only once in five years
B. Changes with different levels of activity
C. Remains fixed regardless of activity
D. Ignores variable costs entirely

5 A budget that remains unchanged irrespective of the level of activity achieved is called a:

Meaning and Types of Budgets Easy
A. Rolling budget
B. Zero-based budget
C. Flexible budget
D. Fixed budget

6 The master budget is best described as:

Meaning and Types of Budgets Easy
A. A budget prepared after the period ends
B. A budget covering cash flows alone
C. A summary of all functional budgets
D. A budget only for the sales department

7 A budget centre refers to a:

Need and Steps involved in Budgetary Control Easy
A. Bank where budget funds are stored
B. Government office approving budgets
C. Section of the organisation for which a budget is prepared
D. Software used to print budgets

8 Which of the following is a cash inflow in a cash budget?

Preparation of Cash Budget Easy
A. Purchase of machinery
B. Payment of wages
C. Cash received from customers
D. Payment of rent

9 Which item is generally excluded from a cash budget?

Preparation of Cash Budget Easy
A. Depreciation on fixed assets
B. Interest paid in cash
C. Cash sales
D. Payment to suppliers

10 A budget prepared for the department expected to face a key constraint or limiting factor is prepared:

Meaning and Types of Budgets Easy
A. Only when profits fall
B. Last, after all others
C. First, before other budgets
D. Only at year end

11 Zero-based budgeting (ZBB) requires that each expense be:

Meaning and Types of Budgets Easy
A. Copied from the previous year's budget
B. Increased by a fixed percentage each year
C. Justified afresh starting from zero
D. Ignored until the year ends

12 A flexible budget is most useful when:

Preparation of Flexible Budget Easy
A. Only fixed costs exist
B. No production takes place
C. Activity levels never change
D. The actual level of activity is difficult to forecast accurately

13 In a flexible budget, fixed costs are assumed to:

Preparation of Flexible Budget Easy
A. Increase proportionately with output
B. Remain constant in total across activity levels
C. Become zero at higher output
D. Vary directly with sales

14 In a flexible budget, variable costs behave in what manner as activity rises?

Preparation of Flexible Budget Easy
A. Decrease in total
B. Remain fixed per unit and per total
C. Stay the same in total
D. Increase in total in proportion to activity

15 Which of the following is a key objective of budgetary control?

Need and Steps involved in Budgetary Control Easy
A. Elimination of all costs
B. Increasing employee turnover
C. Avoiding preparation of accounts
D. Coordination of activities among departments

16 The difference between the budgeted figure and the actual figure is known as a:

Need and Steps involved in Budgetary Control Easy
A. Margin
B. Provision
C. Reserve
D. Variance

17 The closing cash balance in a cash budget is calculated as:

Preparation of Cash Budget Easy
A. Receipts − opening balance
B. Opening balance − receipts + payments
C. Payments + receipts only
D. Opening balance + receipts − payments

18 A sales budget is classified as which type of budget?

Meaning and Types of Budgets Easy
A. Functional budget
B. Capital budget
C. Cash budget
D. Master budget

19 Which document sets out the responsibilities and procedures for operating the budgetary control system?

Need and Steps involved in Budgetary Control Easy
A. Cash flow statement
B. Audit report
C. Budget manual
D. Trial balance

20 If the opening cash balance is , total receipts are and total payments are , the closing cash balance is:

Preparation of Cash Budget Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.

21 A manufacturing firm sets targets, measures actual performance, compares the two, and initiates corrective action for deviations. Which essential feature of budgetary control does this sequence primarily illustrate?

Need and Steps involved in Budgetary Control Medium
A. Continuous feedback and control
B. Historical cost recording
C. Fixed cost allocation
D. Statutory financial reporting

22 In a budgetary control system, the budget that limits the extent to which all other budgets can be prepared is known as the:

Need and Steps involved in Budgetary Control Medium
A. Cash budget
B. Flexible budget
C. Master budget
D. Key factor (principal budget factor)

23 Which of the following is the correct logical order of the main steps in budgetary control?

Need and Steps involved in Budgetary Control Medium
A. Establish budgets → Record actuals → Compare → Take corrective action
B. Take corrective action → Compare → Record actuals → Establish budgets
C. Compare → Establish budgets → Record actuals → Take corrective action
D. Record actuals → Establish budgets → Take corrective action → Compare

24 A company introduces budgetary control mainly to fix responsibility on individual managers for costs within their control. This objective best supports which need for budgetary control?

Need and Steps involved in Budgetary Control Medium
A. Preparing the balance sheet
B. Increasing dividend payout
C. Responsibility accounting and control
D. Reducing statutory tax liability

25 A budget prepared for a single level of activity that is not adjusted when the actual activity level differs is called a:

Meaning and Types of Budgets Medium
A. Flexible budget
B. Fixed budget
C. Rolling budget
D. Zero-based budget

26 Which budget is prepared by starting each period from a 'zero base', requiring every expense to be justified afresh rather than based on previous budgets?

Meaning and Types of Budgets Medium
A. Incremental budget
B. Master budget
C. Zero-based budget
D. Fixed budget

27 The summary budget that incorporates all functional budgets and shows the projected profit and financial position of the whole organisation is the:

Meaning and Types of Budgets Medium
A. Production budget
B. Cash budget
C. Sales budget
D. Master budget

28 Budgets classified as long-term, short-term, and current are grouped on the basis of:

Meaning and Types of Budgets Medium
A. Flexibility
B. Time period
C. Coverage
D. Function

29 A budget that is continuously updated by adding a new period as the earliest period expires is best described as a:

Meaning and Types of Budgets Medium
A. Cash budget
B. Rolling (continuous) budget
C. Master budget
D. Fixed budget

30 Which of the following is classified as a financial budget rather than an operating budget?

Meaning and Types of Budgets Medium
A. Cash budget
B. Direct materials budget
C. Sales budget
D. Production budget

31 A firm expects credit sales of in April. If is collected in the month of sale and the balance in the next month, how much is collected in May from April's sales?

Preparation of Cash Budget Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

32 Opening cash balance is . Total receipts during the month are and total payments are . What is the closing cash balance?

Preparation of Cash Budget Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

33 Which of the following items is correctly excluded while preparing a cash budget?

Preparation of Cash Budget Medium
A. Interest paid on loan
B. Depreciation on machinery
C. Payment to creditors
D. Purchase of equipment for cash

34 Purchases for June are . Suppliers are paid in the purchase month and in the following month. What amount is paid to suppliers in June for June purchases?

Preparation of Cash Budget Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

35 A company wants to maintain a minimum cash balance of . If the budgeted closing balance before financing is , what action does the cash budget indicate?

Preparation of Cash Budget Medium
A. Repay a loan of
B. Arrange to borrow
C. No action is required
D. Invest surplus of

36 In a cash budget, cash sales of a month and collections from prior credit sales are both shown as:

Preparation of Cash Budget Medium
A. Cash payments
B. Cash receipts
C. Capital reserves
D. Non-cash adjustments

37 At units, variable cost per unit is and total fixed cost is . What is the total cost in a flexible budget at units?

Preparation of Flexible Budget Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

38 The main advantage of a flexible budget over a fixed budget is that it:

Preparation of Flexible Budget Medium
A. Is prepared only once a year
B. Ignores fixed costs entirely
C. Eliminates all cost variances
D. Adjusts costs to the actual level of activity

39 In a flexible budget, as output increases within the relevant range, fixed cost per unit and total fixed cost respectively:

Preparation of Flexible Budget Medium
A. Increases; increases
B. Decreases; increases
C. Decreases; remains constant
D. Remains constant; decreases

40 A semi-variable cost is at units and at units. Using the high-low method, what is the variable cost per unit?

Preparation of Flexible Budget Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

41 A firm sells goods with the following collection pattern: 60% in the month of sale, 30% in the next month, and 10% in the second month after sale. Sales were (Jan), (Feb), and (Mar). What are the total cash collections in March?

Preparation of Cash Budget Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

42 At 70% capacity a factory's total cost is and at 90% capacity it is . Using the high-low method, what is the fixed cost component?

Preparation of Flexible Budget Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

43 A company purchases raw materials on credit, paying 40% in the month of purchase (availing a 2% cash discount on that portion) and the balance next month with no discount. Purchases are (Apr) and (May). What is the cash paid to suppliers in May?

Preparation of Cash Budget Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

44 A flexible budget shows at 10,000 units: variable cost , semi-variable cost (of which 25% is fixed), fixed cost . What is the total budgeted cost at 15,000 units?

Preparation of Flexible Budget Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

45 Which statement best distinguishes a fixed budget from a flexible budget in the context of variance analysis?

Meaning and Types of Budgets Hard
A. A fixed budget changes with sales volume, while a flexible budget stays constant across all activity levels
B. A fixed budget is used only for capital expenditure, while a flexible budget is used only for cash
C. A fixed budget classifies all costs as variable, while a flexible budget classifies all costs as fixed
D. A fixed budget is prepared for a single activity level and is not adjusted for actual output, while a flexible budget is recast to the actual level of activity

46 A firm wants a minimum closing cash balance of . Opening cash is ; receipts ; payments . Borrowing is arranged in multiples of . How much must be borrowed this month?

Preparation of Cash Budget Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

47 A budget at 80% capacity (16,000 units) shows profit of with selling price /unit, variable cost /unit and total fixed cost . If capacity rises to 100% (20,000 units) with selling price unchanged, what is the revised profit?

Preparation of Flexible Budget Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

48 In a budgetary control system, which factor must be identified first because it limits the volume of all other budgets and dictates the sequence of budget preparation?

Need and Steps involved in Budgetary Control Hard
A. The key (principal budget) factor
B. The flexible budget allowance
C. The break-even point
D. The margin of safety

49 A company pays a fixed monthly rent of and a quarterly insurance premium of payable in March, June, September and December. It also buys machinery for in June, paid in three equal monthly instalments starting July. What is the total of these payments in July?

Preparation of Cash Budget Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

50 At 60% activity, cost per unit data are: direct material , direct labour , variable overhead and fixed overhead (based on 60% output of 6,000 units). What is the fixed overhead cost per unit at 80% activity?

Preparation of Flexible Budget Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

51 Sales are in June. 25% are cash sales; credit customers pay in the following month but 4% of credit sales become bad debts (never collected). How much cash is collected from June sales in July?

Preparation of Cash Budget Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

52 A company prepares a budget where every expense line must be justified from a zero base each period rather than by adjusting the previous year's figures. This describes:

Meaning and Types of Budgets Hard
A. Incremental budgeting
B. Rolling budgeting
C. Zero-based budgeting
D. Performance budgeting

53 The total cost function of a firm is estimated as (where is units). Actual output was 12,000 units at an actual total cost of . What is the flexible budget variance (cost)?

Preparation of Flexible Budget Hard
A. adverse
B. adverse
C. favourable
D. favourable

54 A firm has an opening overdraft of carrying interest at 1% per month, charged on the opening overdraft and paid in cash the same month. During the month, operating receipts are and operating payments are . What is the closing cash/overdraft position?

Preparation of Cash Budget Hard
A. Surplus of
B. Surplus of
C. Overdraft of ... corrected to surplus of
D. Overdraft of

55 Which sequence correctly represents the core steps in a budgetary control cycle?

Need and Steps involved in Budgetary Control Hard
A. Prepare budgets → take corrective action → establish objectives → record actuals → compare variances
B. Compute variances → establish objectives → record actuals → prepare budgets → corrective action
C. Record actuals → prepare budgets → establish objectives → take corrective action → compare variances
D. Establish objectives → prepare budgets → record actuals → compare and compute variances → take corrective action

56 A flexible budget is prepared for 50%, 75% and 100% capacity. Fixed costs are stepped: up to 75% capacity and above 75%. Variable cost is /unit. At 100% capacity output is 10,000 units. What is total cost at 100% capacity?

Preparation of Flexible Budget Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

57 A company's wages are per month, paid 75% in the current month and 25% (lag) in the following month. In the transition month where wages rise from to , what wage cash outflow appears in that month?

Preparation of Cash Budget Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

58 A master budget is best described as:

Meaning and Types of Budgets Hard
A. A budget that is revised continuously by adding a new period as one expires
B. A consolidated summary of all functional budgets, including the budgeted income statement and balance sheet
C. A budget that lists only capital expenditure over a five-year horizon
D. A budget prepared only for the sales function of the organization

59 A firm expects the following: opening balance ; collections ; a tax payment of ; other payments ; dividend received . It maintains a minimum balance of and invests any excess in multiples of . How much can be invested (surplus above minimum)?

Preparation of Cash Budget Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

60 At 8,000 units, budgeted profit is ; at 12,000 units budgeted profit is . Assuming linear cost behaviour and constant selling price, what is the break-even quantity?

Preparation of Flexible Budget Hard
A. 5,000 units
B. 4,000 units
C. 8,000 units
D. 6,000 units