Unit 10: Marginal Costing and Profit Planning - Practice Quiz

DEACC506 60 Questions
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1 Marginal cost is best defined as the:

Meaning and Objectives Easy
A. Fixed cost incurred at zero output
B. Total cost of producing all units
C. Additional cost of producing one more unit
D. Average cost per unit of output

2 In marginal costing, which costs are charged to products?

Meaning and Objectives Easy
A. Only fixed costs
B. Only variable costs
C. Both fixed and variable costs
D. Only semi-variable costs

3 Under marginal costing, fixed costs are treated as:

Meaning and Objectives Easy
A. Product costs
B. Direct costs
C. Prime costs
D. Period costs

4 Contribution is calculated as:

Meaning and Objectives Easy
A. Sales Variable Cost
B. Sales Fixed Cost
C. Sales Total Cost
D. Fixed Cost Profit Variable Cost

5 Which of the following is an objective of marginal costing?

Meaning and Objectives Easy
A. To value closing stock at total cost
B. To help in cost control and decision making
C. To allocate fixed costs to each product
D. To eliminate variable costs entirely

6 The relationship among cost, volume, and profit is expressed by the formula:

Meaning and Objectives Easy
A. Profit Fixed Cost Contribution
B. Profit Variable Cost Fixed Cost
C. Profit Sales Contribution
D. Profit Contribution Fixed Cost

7 CVP analysis studies the relationship between:

CVP Analysis Easy
A. Cost, volume, and profit
B. Cash, value, and price
C. Capital, volume, and profit
D. Cost, value, and profitability

8 The Profit-Volume (P/V) ratio is calculated as:

CVP Analysis Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.

9 Margin of safety is the excess of:

CVP Analysis Easy
A. Contribution over fixed cost
B. Fixed cost over variable cost
C. Actual sales over break-even sales
D. Break-even sales over actual sales

10 Which of the following assumptions is made in CVP analysis?

CVP Analysis Easy
A. Variable cost per unit keeps changing
B. All costs are semi-variable
C. Selling price varies with output
D. Fixed costs remain constant over the relevant range

11 If the P/V ratio is 40%, the variable cost to sales ratio is:

CVP Analysis Easy
A. 100%
B. 60%
C. 40%
D. 50%

12 An increase in the selling price per unit, other things being constant, will cause the P/V ratio to:

CVP Analysis Easy
A. Remain unchanged
B. Become zero
C. Decrease
D. Increase

13 The break-even point is the level of activity where:

Break Even Point and Break Even Analysis Easy
A. Total cost exceeds total revenue
B. Fixed cost equals variable cost
C. Total revenue equals total cost
D. Total revenue exceeds total cost

14 The break-even point in units is calculated as:

Break Even Point and Break Even Analysis Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.

15 The break-even point in terms of sales value is calculated as:

Break Even Point and Break Even Analysis Easy
A.
B.
C.
D.

16 At the break-even point, the amount of profit earned is:

Break Even Point and Break Even Analysis Easy
A. Nil
B. Equal to fixed cost
C. Equal to contribution
D. Equal to variable cost

17 If fixed costs are and contribution per unit is , the break-even point in units is:

Break Even Point and Break Even Analysis Easy
A. 800 units
B. 4,000 units
C. 1,000 units
D. 2,000 units

18 In a break-even chart, the point where the total cost line intersects the total sales line represents the:

Break Even Point and Break Even Analysis Easy
A. Break-even point
B. Angle of incidence
C. Fixed cost line
D. Margin of safety

19 Other things remaining constant, an increase in fixed costs will cause the break-even point to:

Break Even Point and Break Even Analysis Easy
A. Increase
B. Remain the same
C. Decrease
D. Become nil

20 The angle formed between the sales line and the total cost line at the break-even point is known as the:

Break Even Point and Break Even Analysis Easy
A. Break-even angle
B. Angle of incidence
C. Margin of safety
D. Contribution angle

21 Under marginal costing, which of the following costs is charged to products?

Meaning and Objectives Medium
A. Both fixed and variable costs
B. Only variable manufacturing costs
C. All administrative costs
D. Only fixed manufacturing costs

22 A firm treats fixed costs as period costs and values inventory only at variable cost. Which costing technique is being applied?

Meaning and Objectives Medium
A. Activity-based costing
B. Marginal costing
C. Absorption costing
D. Standard costing

23 Which objective is best served by marginal costing when a firm must decide whether to accept a special order below normal price?

Meaning and Objectives Medium
A. Allocating fixed costs equally to all orders
B. Absorbing all fixed overheads into the order
C. Maximizing recorded inventory value
D. Assessing whether the price covers variable cost and adds contribution

24 Contribution under marginal costing is defined as:

Meaning and Objectives Medium
A. Sales minus fixed costs
B. Sales minus variable costs
C. Sales minus total costs
D. Fixed costs minus variable costs

25 If selling price per unit is and variable cost per unit is , the P/V ratio is:

CVP Analysis Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

26 A company has a P/V ratio of and fixed costs of . What sales are required to earn a profit of ?

CVP Analysis Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

27 In CVP analysis, if fixed costs increase while selling price and variable cost per unit stay constant, the break-even point will:

CVP Analysis Medium
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Become zero
D. Remain unchanged

28 The margin of safety can be expressed as:

CVP Analysis Medium
A. Actual sales minus break-even sales
B. Fixed cost minus variable cost
C. Break-even sales minus actual sales
D. Total sales minus contribution

29 A firm's profit is and P/V ratio is . Its margin of safety in sales value is:

CVP Analysis Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

30 Which of the following assumptions is NOT part of CVP analysis?

CVP Analysis Medium
A. Fixed costs stay constant within the relevant range
B. Selling price per unit remains constant
C. Costs can be split into fixed and variable
D. Variable cost per unit changes with volume

31 If contribution is and sales are , and fixed cost is , the profit equals:

CVP Analysis Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

32 A company increased its selling price by with no change in costs. The P/V ratio will:

CVP Analysis Medium
A. Remain unchanged
B. Decrease
C. Become negative
D. Increase

33 Fixed costs are , selling price is per unit, and variable cost is per unit. The break-even point in units is:

Break Even Point and Break Even Analysis Medium
A. units
B. units
C. units
D. units

34 At the break-even point, which of the following is true?

Break Even Point and Break Even Analysis Medium
A. Total contribution equals fixed cost
B. Profit equals fixed cost
C. Total sales equal variable cost
D. Contribution equals variable cost

35 Fixed cost is and P/V ratio is . The break-even sales value is:

Break Even Point and Break Even Analysis Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

36 On a break-even chart, the point where the total cost line intersects the total sales line represents the:

Break Even Point and Break Even Analysis Medium
A. Angle of incidence
B. Break-even point
C. Maximum profit point
D. Margin of safety

37 The angle of incidence on a break-even chart indicates:

Break Even Point and Break Even Analysis Medium
A. The rate at which profit is earned after break-even
B. The total fixed cost of the firm
C. The level of variable cost per unit
D. The margin of safety in units

38 A product sells at , has variable cost of , and fixed cost of . How many units must be sold to earn a profit of ?

Break Even Point and Break Even Analysis Medium
A. units
B. units
C. units
D. units

39 If the margin of safety is and total sales are , the break-even sales are:

Break Even Point and Break Even Analysis Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.

40 If both selling price and variable cost per unit rise by the same rupee amount while fixed cost stays constant, the break-even point in units will:

Break Even Point and Break Even Analysis Medium
A. Remain unchanged
B. Decrease
C. Increase
D. Fall to zero

41 A firm reports sales of , variable costs of and fixed costs of . What is the Break-Even Point in sales value?

Break Even Point and Break Even Analysis Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

42 A company has a P/V ratio of and fixed costs of . If fixed costs rise to , by how much does the Break-Even sales value increase?

Break Even Point and Break Even Analysis Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

43 A product sells at with variable cost per unit and fixed costs of . If the selling price is raised by with no other change, what is the new Break-Even Point in units?

CVP Analysis Hard
A. units
B. units
C. units
D. units

44 Product X has sales of (P/V ratio ) and Product Y has sales of (P/V ratio ). Total fixed cost is . What is the composite Break-Even Point in sales value?

CVP Analysis Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

45 Fixed costs are , P/V ratio is and the tax rate is . What sales are required to earn an after-tax profit of ?

CVP Analysis Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

46 A firm earns a profit of and its P/V ratio is . What is its Margin of Safety in sales value?

Break Even Point and Break Even Analysis Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

47 On a break-even chart, the 'angle of incidence' formed between the sales line and the total cost line beyond BEP indicates:

Meaning and Objectives Hard
A. The margin of safety at the current sales level
B. The rate at which profit is being earned once BEP is crossed
C. The point where variable cost equals fixed cost
D. The proportion of fixed cost to total cost

48 Total fixed costs are , which include depreciation of . If the P/V ratio is , what is the cash Break-Even Point in sales value?

Break Even Point and Break Even Analysis Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

49 Year 1: sales , profit . Year 2: sales , profit . Assuming cost structure is unchanged, what is the Break-Even sales value?

CVP Analysis Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

50 A firm has contribution of , fixed cost of and profit of . What is its Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL)?

CVP Analysis Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

51 Machine A has fixed cost and variable cost /unit; Machine B has fixed cost and variable cost /unit. At what output are total costs equal (indifference point)?

Break Even Point and Break Even Analysis Hard
A. units
B. units
C. units
D. units

52 Under a limiting-factor situation where machine hours are scarce, the ranking of products for maximum profit should be based on:

CVP Analysis Hard
A. P/V ratio of each product
B. Contribution per unit
C. Selling price per unit
D. Contribution per machine hour

53 In the short run, a firm should consider shutting down operations when:

Break Even Point and Break Even Analysis Hard
A. Sales revenue is below total cost including all fixed costs
B. The margin of safety becomes zero
C. Contribution is positive but profit is negative
D. Sales revenue fails to cover total variable cost plus avoidable fixed cost

54 Which of the following is NOT an objective or feature of marginal costing?

Meaning and Objectives Hard
A. Apportioning fixed costs to products to arrive at total product cost
B. Facilitating profit planning via cost-volume-profit relationships
C. Aiding pricing and make-or-buy decisions through contribution analysis
D. Segregating costs into fixed and variable elements

55 In marginal costing, 'marginal cost' of a product is best described as:

Meaning and Objectives Hard
A. The difference between selling price and total cost per unit
B. The fixed cost incurred to keep production capacity ready
C. The total cost of a unit including a share of fixed overheads
D. The change in total cost from producing one additional unit, i.e. its variable cost

56 A product sells at with variable cost per unit and fixed cost . What is the Break-Even Point in units?

Break Even Point and Break Even Analysis Hard
A. units
B. units
C. units
D. units

57 A product sells at , variable cost /unit, fixed cost . If variable cost rises to /unit, by how many units does the Break-Even Point change?

CVP Analysis Hard
A. No change
B. Increases by units
C. Decreases by units
D. Increases by units

58 Given that Margin of Safety ratio is and the P/V ratio is , the profit as a percentage of sales equals:

CVP Analysis Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

59 A firm has sales of , P/V ratio and fixed cost . What is the Margin of Safety ratio?

Break Even Point and Break Even Analysis Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.

60 A multi-product firm shifts its sales mix so that a larger proportion of sales comes from a product with a higher P/V ratio, with total fixed cost unchanged. The composite Break-Even Point will:

CVP Analysis Hard
A. Decrease because the weighted-average P/V ratio rises
B. Remain unchanged since fixed cost is constant
C. Decrease because total fixed cost falls
D. Increase because more units must be sold