1Which of the following is a form of direct compensation?
Types and theories of compensation
Easy
A.Retirement plan
B.Paid vacation
C.Basic salary
D.Health insurance
Correct Answer: Basic salary
Explanation:
Direct compensation refers to monetary payments made directly to employees, such as basic salary and wages. Health insurance, paid vacation, and retirement plans are forms of indirect compensation.
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2The equity theory of compensation is primarily concerned with which of the following?
Types and theories of compensation
Easy
A.Legal minimum wage rules
B.Fairness of rewards relative to others
C.Speed of payroll processing
D.Total cost of labour
Correct Answer: Fairness of rewards relative to others
Explanation:
Equity theory suggests that employees compare their input-output ratio with that of others and are motivated when they perceive their compensation as fair.
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3Compensation that varies based on individual or company performance is called:
Types and theories of compensation
Easy
A.Base pay
B.Variable pay
C.Statutory pay
D.Fixed pay
Correct Answer: Variable pay
Explanation:
Variable pay (such as bonuses and commissions) changes according to performance, unlike base or fixed pay which remains constant.
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4Which theory links pay to the expectation that effort will lead to rewards?
Types and theories of compensation
Easy
A.Expectancy theory
B.Equity theory
C.Agency theory
D.Reinforcement theory
Correct Answer: Expectancy theory
Explanation:
Expectancy theory proposes that motivation depends on the belief that effort leads to performance and performance leads to valued rewards.
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5The wage that is just enough to meet the basic survival needs of a worker is called the:
Concept of wages
Easy
A.Fair wage
B.Minimum wage
C.Piece wage
D.Living wage
Correct Answer: Minimum wage
Explanation:
The minimum wage is the lowest wage that ensures basic subsistence and preservation of the worker's efficiency.
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6Wages paid on the basis of number of units produced are known as:
Concept of wages
Easy
A.Real wages
B.Nominal wages
C.Piece wages
D.Time wages
Correct Answer: Piece wages
Explanation:
Under the piece wage system, payment is made according to the quantity of output produced, unlike time wages which are based on hours worked.
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7Real wages refer to:
Concept of wages
Easy
A.The purchasing power of wages
B.The amount printed in the contract
C.Wages plus overtime pay
D.Wages before tax deduction
Correct Answer: The purchasing power of wages
Explanation:
Real wages measure the actual purchasing power of money wages, reflecting the goods and services that can be bought with them.
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8The amount of money an employee receives in cash without adjusting for prices is called:
Concept of wages
Easy
A.Nominal wages
B.Fair wages
C.Living wages
D.Real wages
Correct Answer: Nominal wages
Explanation:
Nominal wages are the money wages expressed in current currency, without accounting for changes in the cost of living or purchasing power.
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9A wage higher than the minimum wage but below the living wage is generally termed a:
Concept of wages
Easy
A.Piece wage
B.Fair wage
C.Nominal wage
D.Statutory wage
Correct Answer: Fair wage
Explanation:
A fair wage lies between the minimum wage and the living wage, taking into account the industry's paying capacity and prevailing rates.
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10Which of the following is an external factor influencing compensation?
Factors influencing compensation management
Easy
A.Labour market conditions
B.Employee's job role
C.Company pay policy
D.Internal promotion rules
Correct Answer: Labour market conditions
Explanation:
Labour market conditions such as supply and demand of skills are external factors, whereas pay policy and job roles are internal to the organisation.
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11The ability of an organisation to pay compensation depends mainly on its:
Factors influencing compensation management
Easy
A.Number of departments
B.Financial position
C.Founding year
D.Office location
Correct Answer: Financial position
Explanation:
An organisation's financial position and profitability determine how much it can afford to pay its employees.
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12Which factor reflects the influence of trade unions on compensation?
Factors influencing compensation management
Easy
A.Collective bargaining
B.Individual appraisal
C.Job rotation
D.Market research
Correct Answer: Collective bargaining
Explanation:
Trade unions influence pay levels through collective bargaining, negotiating wages and benefits on behalf of employees.
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13Rising prices in the economy that affect wage levels are captured by:
Factors influencing compensation management
Easy
A.Employee turnover
B.Span of control
C.Cost of living
D.Job design
Correct Answer: Cost of living
Explanation:
The cost of living influences compensation, as employers often adjust wages to help employees maintain their standard of living during inflation.
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14Which of the following is an example of a fringe benefit?
Incentives and fringe benefits
Easy
A.Sales commission
B.Medical insurance
C.Piece-rate pay
D.Basic wage
Correct Answer: Medical insurance
Explanation:
Fringe benefits are supplementary benefits such as medical insurance, whereas wages, piece-rate pay, and commissions are direct monetary compensation.
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15Incentives are best described as rewards designed to:
Incentives and fringe benefits
Easy
A.Lower company costs
B.Motivate higher performance
C.Replace basic salary
D.Reduce working hours
Correct Answer: Motivate higher performance
Explanation:
Incentives are additional rewards linked to performance, aimed at motivating employees to achieve better results.
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16A payment made to a salesperson based on the value of goods sold is called a:
Incentives and fringe benefits
Easy
A.Gratuity
B.Pension
C.Commission
D.Allowance
Correct Answer: Commission
Explanation:
A commission is a monetary incentive paid as a percentage of sales made, directly linking reward to individual performance.
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17Which of the following is a non-monetary incentive?
Incentives and fringe benefits
Easy
A.Profit sharing
B.Overtime pay
C.Recognition and praise
D.Cash bonus
Correct Answer: Recognition and praise
Explanation:
Recognition and praise are non-monetary incentives that motivate employees without a direct cash payment, unlike bonuses and profit sharing.
Incorrect! Try again.
18Employee retention refers to an organisation's ability to:
Employee engagement and retention
Easy
A.Recruit new candidates
B.Keep its employees over time
C.Increase working hours
D.Reduce product costs
Correct Answer: Keep its employees over time
Explanation:
Employee retention is the ability of an organisation to retain its employees and reduce turnover over a period of time.
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19Which of the following best describes employee engagement?
Employee engagement and retention
Easy
A.Rate of employee absences
B.Total number of employees
C.Emotional commitment to the organisation
D.Annual salary increment
Correct Answer: Emotional commitment to the organisation
Explanation:
Employee engagement is the emotional commitment and involvement an employee has toward the organisation and its goals.
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20A high employee turnover rate generally indicates:
Employee engagement and retention
Easy
A.Strong engagement
B.Poor employee retention
C.Effective retention policy
D.High job satisfaction
Correct Answer: Poor employee retention
Explanation:
A high turnover rate means employees are leaving frequently, which signals poor retention and often low engagement or satisfaction.
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21A manager argues that employees compare their input-output ratio with that of colleagues and adjust their effort when they perceive unfairness. Which compensation theory best supports this reasoning?
Types and theories of compensation
Medium
A.Agency theory
B.Equity theory
C.Expectancy theory
D.Reinforcement theory
Correct Answer: Equity theory
Explanation:
Equity theory holds that employees compare their own ratio of contributions to rewards against others', and perceived inequity drives them to alter effort or seek adjustments.
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22A firm links pay to performance so employees believe that greater effort leads to better results and desired rewards. This design is most directly grounded in which theory?
Types and theories of compensation
Medium
A.Two-factor theory
B.Expectancy theory
C.Equity theory
D.Human capital theory
Correct Answer: Expectancy theory
Explanation:
Expectancy theory links motivation to the belief that effort leads to performance (expectancy), performance leads to rewards (instrumentality), and rewards are valued (valence).
Incorrect! Try again.
23Which of the following is classified as a component of direct financial compensation rather than indirect compensation?
Types and theories of compensation
Medium
A.Paid vacation leave
B.Health insurance
C.Retirement pension plan
D.Commission on sales
Correct Answer: Commission on sales
Explanation:
Direct compensation includes cash payments like wages, salary, bonuses, and commissions. Insurance, leave, and pensions are indirect (benefit) components.
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24According to the Fair Wage Committee, which wage sits between the minimum wage and the living wage, taking into account the employer's capacity to pay?
Concept of wages
Medium
A.Nominal wage
B.Statutory wage
C.Fair wage
D.Real wage
Correct Answer: Fair wage
Explanation:
The fair wage lies above the minimum wage and below the living wage, and it depends on the industry's or employer's ability to pay.
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25An employee's salary stays at per month, but prices rise sharply during the year. Which wage concept has effectively declined?
Concept of wages
Medium
A.Nominal wage
B.Contract wage
C.Money wage
D.Real wage
Correct Answer: Real wage
Explanation:
Nominal (money) wage is the amount received in currency, while real wage reflects purchasing power. When prices rise but pay stays fixed, real wage falls.
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26A wage that ensures a worker can meet basic needs plus a measure of comfort, education, and insurance against misfortune is described as the:
Concept of wages
Medium
A.Minimum wage
B.Fair wage
C.Living wage
D.Piece wage
Correct Answer: Living wage
Explanation:
The living wage is the highest of the three standards, providing for basic needs plus comfort, health, education, and some insurance against hardship.
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27A worker is paid for each unit produced and completes 150 units in a week. Which wage system is being applied, and what is the weekly wage?
Concept of wages
Medium
A.Time rate system;
B.Piece rate system;
C.Piece rate system;
D.Time rate system;
Correct Answer: Piece rate system;
Explanation:
Under the piece rate system, pay depends on output. .
Incorrect! Try again.
28A company operating in a region with a strong labour union and high demand for skilled workers raises its pay scales. These pressures are examples of which type of compensation factor?
Factors influencing compensation management
Medium
A.Statutory factors
B.Internal factors
C.External factors
D.Individual factors
Correct Answer: External factors
Explanation:
Labour market conditions, union pressure, and demand-supply of talent are external environmental factors that influence compensation decisions.
Incorrect! Try again.
29Two employees hold the same job title, but one is paid more due to greater experience and superior performance ratings. Which factor primarily explains this difference?
Factors influencing compensation management
Medium
A.Product market factors
B.Government regulation factors
C.Individual worker factors
D.Cost of living factors
Correct Answer: Individual worker factors
Explanation:
Individual factors such as experience, skills, and performance can create pay differences even within the same job classification.
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30A firm structures its pay so that senior engineers earn more than junior engineers, reflecting the relative worth of jobs within the organisation. This is achieved through:
Factors influencing compensation management
Medium
A.Collective bargaining
B.Cost-of-living adjustment
C.Job evaluation
D.Performance appraisal
Correct Answer: Job evaluation
Explanation:
Job evaluation systematically determines the relative worth of jobs within an organisation to build internally equitable pay structures.
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31A profitable company can afford generous pay packages, while a struggling competitor cannot match them. Which internal factor is chiefly at work here?
Factors influencing compensation management
Medium
A.Union bargaining power
B.Prevailing market rate
C.Legal minimum wage
D.Ability to pay
Correct Answer: Ability to pay
Explanation:
An organisation's financial health and profitability determine its ability to pay, an internal factor that sets the ceiling for compensation levels.
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32A sales team receives a cash bonus tied directly to quarterly targets achieved. This reward is best categorised as:
Incentives and fringe benefits
Medium
A.A base wage
B.A monetary incentive
C.A non-monetary incentive
D.A fringe benefit
Correct Answer: A monetary incentive
Explanation:
Performance-linked cash bonuses are monetary (financial) incentives designed to motivate higher output tied to measurable goals.
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33Which of the following is a fringe benefit rather than a direct incentive?
Incentives and fringe benefits
Medium
A.Profit-sharing cash payout
B.Piece-rate production bonus
C.Subsidised company canteen meals
D.Sales commission
Correct Answer: Subsidised company canteen meals
Explanation:
Fringe benefits are indirect, supplementary rewards like subsidised meals, transport, or medical cover, distinct from performance-based cash incentives.
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34Under a group incentive scheme, a bonus of is shared equally among 8 team members. How much does each member receive, and what is the main behavioural aim?
Incentives and fringe benefits
Medium
A.; to reduce cooperation
B.; to promote teamwork
C.; to promote teamwork
D.; to reward only top performers
Correct Answer: ; to promote teamwork
Explanation:
per member. Group incentives are designed to encourage cooperation and collective effort.
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35Recognition awards, challenging assignments, and public appreciation are examples of which category of incentives?
Incentives and fringe benefits
Medium
A.Deferred cash incentives
B.Fringe benefits
C.Statutory benefits
D.Non-monetary incentives
Correct Answer: Non-monetary incentives
Explanation:
Non-monetary incentives motivate through recognition, status, and job content rather than direct cash payments.
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36A company offers employees the option to buy company shares at a discounted price to align their interests with organisational performance. This scheme is known as:
Incentives and fringe benefits
Medium
A.Gain-sharing plan
B.Merit pay plan
C.Employee stock ownership plan (ESOP)
D.Cost-of-living allowance
Correct Answer: Employee stock ownership plan (ESOP)
Explanation:
ESOPs grant employees ownership stakes, aligning their financial interest with the company's long-term performance.
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37An organisation notices that engaged employees show higher discretionary effort and lower turnover. Which statement best captures the concept of employee engagement?
Employee engagement and retention
Medium
A.Emotional and psychological commitment to the organisation and its goals
B.The legal contract signed at the time of hiring
C.The fixed monthly salary paid to an employee
D.The number of hours an employee physically spends at work
Correct Answer: Emotional and psychological commitment to the organisation and its goals
Explanation:
Engagement reflects an employee's emotional and psychological connection to their work and organisation, driving discretionary effort and loyalty.
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38A firm with a annual attrition rate wants to reduce it. Which of the following is most likely to improve retention?
Employee engagement and retention
Medium
A.Eliminating flexible work arrangements
B.Increasing routine paperwork for all staff
C.Offering clear career growth and development opportunities
D.Reducing recognition programmes to cut costs
Correct Answer: Offering clear career growth and development opportunities
Explanation:
Career growth, development, and recognition are proven retention drivers; removing them or adding friction tends to raise attrition.
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39According to Herzberg's two-factor theory applied to retention, which of the following is a motivator that boosts engagement rather than merely preventing dissatisfaction?
Employee engagement and retention
Medium
A.Comfortable working conditions
B.Adequate salary levels
C.Opportunities for achievement and recognition
D.Job security and company policy
Correct Answer: Opportunities for achievement and recognition
Explanation:
In Herzberg's theory, motivators like achievement and recognition drive engagement, while hygiene factors like salary and conditions only prevent dissatisfaction.
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40A company calculates that replacing an employee costs about of annual salary. For an employee earning per year, what is the approximate replacement cost, and why does this matter for retention?
Employee engagement and retention
Medium
A.; turnover reduces total costs
B.; high turnover costs justify retention investment
C.; retention is irrelevant
D.; turnover has no cost impact
Correct Answer: ; high turnover costs justify retention investment
Explanation:
. Such replacement costs make investing in engagement and retention financially worthwhile.
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41A firm restructures pay so that base salary is deliberately kept slightly above market median while variable pay is uncapped and tied to individual output. According to Agency Theory, the primary rationale for this design is to:
Types and theories of compensation
Hard
A.Guarantee internal equity by compressing pay differentials across job families
B.Align the interests of the agent with the principal by reducing goal incongruence through performance-contingent rewards
C.Satisfy lower-order needs before introducing self-actualization incentives
D.Ensure the reservation wage of employees is met regardless of firm profitability
Correct Answer: Align the interests of the agent with the principal by reducing goal incongruence through performance-contingent rewards
Explanation:
Agency Theory addresses the divergence of interest between owners (principals) and employees (agents). Performance-contingent variable pay shifts risk onto the agent and aligns their behaviour with owner objectives, which is the core purpose of the uncapped variable component.
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42Under Equity Theory, an employee who perceives an unfavourable outcome/input ratio compared to a referent is LEAST likely to restore equity by:
Types and theories of compensation
Hard
A.Cognitively re-evaluating and inflating the perceived inputs of the referent other
B.Requesting a salary increase or seeking a role change
C.Reducing their own effort and quality of work over time
D.Permanently accepting the imbalance without any behavioural or cognitive adjustment
Correct Answer: Permanently accepting the imbalance without any behavioural or cognitive adjustment
Explanation:
Equity Theory holds that perceived inequity creates tension that motivates corrective action, such as altering inputs, altering outcomes, cognitive distortion, changing the referent, or leaving. Permanently doing nothing contradicts the theory's central tension-reduction mechanism.
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43A knowledge-based firm adopts skill-based pay instead of job-based pay. A likely adverse consequence that management must actively control is:
Types and theories of compensation
Hard
A.Immediate reduction in training and development expenditure
B.A sharp decline in workforce flexibility and cross-functional mobility
C.Rising labour costs as employees accumulate certified skills faster than the organisation can deploy them
D.Strong pressure toward narrow job specialisation and rigid role boundaries
Correct Answer: Rising labour costs as employees accumulate certified skills faster than the organisation can deploy them
Explanation:
Skill-based pay rewards the acquisition of skills rather than the job performed. It boosts flexibility but risks 'topping out' and paying for skills that are certified but unused, driving up labour cost without matched productivity, which management must monitor.
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44As per the classification adopted in India (following the Fair Wages Committee, 1948), which sequence correctly orders wages from lowest to highest?
Concept of wages
Hard
A.Minimum wage < Living wage < Fair wage
B.Minimum wage < Fair wage < Living wage
C.Living wage < Fair wage < Minimum wage
D.Fair wage < Minimum wage < Living wage
Correct Answer: Minimum wage < Fair wage < Living wage
Explanation:
The Fair Wages Committee established that the minimum wage is the floor (bare subsistence plus some efficiency), the fair wage lies above it (linked to capacity to pay and industry norms), and the living wage is the highest, providing a comfortable standard of living.
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45A worker's monthly nominal wage rises from to while the consumer price index rises from to (base ). The change in real wage is approximately:
Concept of wages
Hard
A.No change, since both wage and prices rose
B.An increase of about
C.A decrease of about
D.An increase of about
Correct Answer: A decrease of about
Explanation:
Real wage = nominal wage / price index . Initially ; finally . The fall from to is about , so purchasing power declined despite the nominal raise.
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46Under a Rowan premium plan, standard time is hours, actual time taken is hours, and the hourly rate is . The total earnings of the worker are:
Concept of wages
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Rowan bonus = . Basic wage = . Total = .
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47Using the same data (standard hrs, actual hrs, rate ), a worker on a Halsey plan (50% bonus) would earn how much less than under the Rowan plan?
48A firm operating in a labour surplus economy still pays a substantial wage premium above the market-clearing rate. The Efficiency Wage Theory explains this as a rational strategy primarily because higher wages:
Factors influencing compensation management
Hard
A.Reduce shirking, turnover and adverse selection, thereby lowering total unit labour costs
B.Guarantee that the marginal revenue product will always equal the wage rate
C.Are legally mandated once unemployment exceeds a threshold level
D.Eliminate the need for any performance monitoring or supervision systems
Correct Answer: Reduce shirking, turnover and adverse selection, thereby lowering total unit labour costs
Explanation:
Efficiency Wage Theory argues that paying above-market wages raises productivity by reducing shirking (higher cost of job loss), cutting turnover, and attracting better applicants. The productivity gain can offset the higher wage, lowering effective unit labour cost.
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49An organisation with strong internal equity but weak external competitiveness in its pay structure is most likely to experience:
Factors influencing compensation management
Hard
A.High internal conflict over relative pay coupled with strong retention
B.Difficulty attracting entry-level staff but easy retention of senior specialists
C.Low internal grievance about fairness but high voluntary turnover of high-demand talent
D.Both low turnover and low internal dissatisfaction simultaneously
Correct Answer: Low internal grievance about fairness but high voluntary turnover of high-demand talent
Explanation:
Internal equity keeps employees satisfied with relative fairness inside the firm, reducing internal grievances. But weak external competitiveness means market-mobile talent can earn more elsewhere, driving up voluntary attrition of scarce, high-demand employees.
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50Which combination of factors would most strongly justify a firm setting pay significantly above the industry median (a "lead" policy)?
Factors influencing compensation management
Hard
A.Declining product demand together with strong union-imposed wage ceilings
B.Low value-added work, easy substitutability of labour, and a strong internal labour market
C.Abundant local labour supply combined with highly standardised routine tasks
D.Acute skill scarcity, high recruitment/turnover costs, and productivity that scales with talent quality
Correct Answer: Acute skill scarcity, high recruitment/turnover costs, and productivity that scales with talent quality
Explanation:
A lead (above-market) pay policy pays off when talent is scarce, turnover is expensive, and superior talent materially raises output. Under those conditions the premium is recovered through better hires, retention and productivity.
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51A company's ability to pay is often cited as a compensation determinant. The most defensible interpretation of this factor is that it sets:
Factors influencing compensation management
Hard
A.A fixed percentage of revenue that must be distributed as wages each year
B.The minimum floor below which wages legally cannot fall
C.The upper bound of sustainable pay, while market rates and job worth determine the actual level within that bound
D.The exact wage level that must equal average industry earnings
Correct Answer: The upper bound of sustainable pay, while market rates and job worth determine the actual level within that bound
Explanation:
Ability to pay reflects profitability and financial capacity; it defines how much a firm can afford (a ceiling), not what it must pay. Actual levels within that ceiling are set by market comparison, job evaluation and equity considerations.
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52A sales team is switched from a straight commission plan to a plan with a high base salary and a small bonus. Behaviourally, the most probable outcome is:
Incentives and fringe benefits
Hard
A.Elimination of any need for sales quotas or performance tracking
B.Complete convergence of all salespeople toward identical output levels
C.Reduced short-term selling intensity but improved customer service and lower risk-driven turnover
D.An immediate rise in aggressive short-term selling and higher performance variance
Correct Answer: Reduced short-term selling intensity but improved customer service and lower risk-driven turnover
Explanation:
Shifting income risk from the employee to the firm weakens the immediate incentive for aggressive selling but stabilises earnings, encourages relationship-building and service, and reduces turnover among risk-averse performers.
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53A gainsharing plan (e.g., Scanlon plan) differs fundamentally from a profit-sharing plan mainly because gainsharing:
Incentives and fringe benefits
Hard
A.Rewards measurable improvements in operational productivity at the unit level, with a clearer line-of-sight for employees
B.Distributes rewards only to senior executives based on share price
C.Is a deferred benefit payable only upon retirement
D.Pays out solely from year-end net profit regardless of unit performance
Correct Answer: Rewards measurable improvements in operational productivity at the unit level, with a clearer line-of-sight for employees
Explanation:
Gainsharing ties payouts to specific, controllable productivity or cost-saving gains within a plant or unit, giving employees a strong line-of-sight. Profit-sharing depends on overall firm profit, which employees perceive as more distant and less controllable.
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54The primary reason many fringe benefits (such as employer-provided health cover and retirement contributions) are attractive relative to an equivalent cash raise is that they:
Incentives and fringe benefits
Hard
A.Often receive favourable tax treatment and exploit group-purchasing economies, raising net value per dollar spent
B.Increase employees' immediate disposable cash more than a salary increase would
C.Are always legally mandated and therefore cost the employer nothing
D.Reduce the employer's total compensation expenditure to zero
Correct Answer: Often receive favourable tax treatment and exploit group-purchasing economies, raising net value per dollar spent
Explanation:
Benefits frequently enjoy tax advantages and are purchased at group rates cheaper than individuals could obtain. This means a dollar of benefit can deliver more net value to the employee than a taxed dollar of cash, improving cost-effectiveness.
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55An incentive scheme rewards individual output in a highly interdependent team-based production process. The most serious dysfunctional consequence is likely to be:
Incentives and fringe benefits
Hard
A.Perfect alignment between individual and collective goals
B.Complete elimination of free-rider behaviour within the team
C.Suboptimisation as members maximise personal metrics at the expense of team coordination and quality
D.A uniform increase in cooperation and knowledge sharing across the team
Correct Answer: Suboptimisation as members maximise personal metrics at the expense of team coordination and quality
Explanation:
Individual incentives in interdependent work encourage people to optimise their own measured output while neglecting cooperation, help-giving and shared quality goals, producing suboptimisation. Team-based rewards align better with interdependent tasks.
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56Under a straight piece-rate system, if the piece rate is per unit with a guaranteed daily minimum of , a worker producing units in a day earns:
Incentives and fringe benefits
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Piece earnings . Since this is below the guaranteed daily minimum of , the guarantee applies and the worker receives .
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57A firm reports high employee satisfaction scores but stagnant productivity and rising passive turnover intentions. This pattern most directly illustrates that:
Employee engagement and retention
Hard
A.High satisfaction always guarantees high retention and performance
B.Engagement is purely a function of compensation level
C.Satisfaction (contentment) is distinct from engagement, which requires discretionary effort and psychological commitment
D.Satisfaction and engagement are identical, so the data must be measurement error
Correct Answer: Satisfaction (contentment) is distinct from engagement, which requires discretionary effort and psychological commitment
Explanation:
Satisfied employees may be comfortable yet not energised. Engagement involves vigour, dedication and discretionary effort. High satisfaction with flat productivity and turnover intent shows the two constructs diverge; contentment alone does not drive performance.
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58Applying Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory to retention strategy, increasing salary and improving physical working conditions will most likely:
Employee engagement and retention
Hard
A.Have no effect on either dissatisfaction or motivation
B.Create lasting intrinsic motivation and sustained engagement on their own
C.Reduce dissatisfaction and stem exit driven by grievances, but not by itself generate strong engagement
D.Simultaneously maximise both hygiene and motivator outcomes
Correct Answer: Reduce dissatisfaction and stem exit driven by grievances, but not by itself generate strong engagement
Explanation:
Salary and working conditions are hygiene factors. Improving them removes sources of dissatisfaction (and hygiene-driven turnover) but does not create positive motivation. Engagement requires motivators like recognition, growth and meaningful work.
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59A company with an annual voluntary turnover of replaces each leaver at a cost equal to of that role's annual salary. If total annual payroll is million and turnover is spread evenly across salary levels, the approximate annual replacement cost is:
Employee engagement and retention
Hard
A. million
B. million
C. million
D. million
Correct Answer: million
Explanation:
Salary of leavers . Replacement cost of that . This quantifies why retention investment can be cost-justified.
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60"Total Rewards" thinking argues that relying on pay alone for retention is often ineffective because:
Employee engagement and retention
Hard
A.Employees are indifferent to career development and recognition
B.Increasing pay always produces a proportional and permanent rise in engagement
C.Once pay is perceived as fair, non-monetary factors like growth, recognition and work-life balance become stronger retention drivers
D.Monetary rewards are the only factor that influences turnover decisions
Correct Answer: Once pay is perceived as fair, non-monetary factors like growth, recognition and work-life balance become stronger retention drivers
Explanation:
The Total Rewards perspective holds that beyond a threshold of perceived pay fairness, marginal pay increases yield diminishing retention returns, while career growth, recognition, relationships and balance increasingly determine whether valued employees stay.
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