1Programming languages are broadly classified into which two main categories?
Categories of Programming Languages
Easy
A.Text and visual languages
B.Simple and complex languages
C.Old and new languages
D.Low-level and high-level languages
Correct Answer: Low-level and high-level languages
Explanation:
Programming languages are broadly divided into low-level languages (machine and assembly) and high-level languages that are closer to human language.
Incorrect! Try again.
2Which of the following is considered a low-level language?
Categories of Programming Languages
Easy
A.Python
B.Java
C.C++
D.Assembly language
Correct Answer: Assembly language
Explanation:
Assembly language is a low-level language because it works closely with the computer hardware, unlike high-level languages such as Python or Java.
Incorrect! Try again.
3Machine language is written using which of the following?
Machine and Assembly Language
Easy
A.Decimal numbers
B.Mnemonic codes
C.Binary digits (0s and 1s)
D.English words
Correct Answer: Binary digits (0s and 1s)
Explanation:
Machine language is the only language the computer directly understands, and it is written entirely in binary form using 0s and 1s.
Incorrect! Try again.
4Which of the following is used in assembly language instead of binary code?
Machine and Assembly Language
Easy
A.Hyperlinks
B.Compilers
C.Mnemonics
D.Decimals
Correct Answer: Mnemonics
Explanation:
Assembly language uses short symbolic codes called mnemonics (like ADD, MOV) that are easier for humans to remember than binary.
Incorrect! Try again.
5What is the name of the translator that converts assembly language into machine language?
Machine and Assembly Language
Easy
A.Interpreter
B.Compiler
C.Assembler
D.Linker
Correct Answer: Assembler
Explanation:
An assembler is a program that translates assembly language instructions into machine code that the computer can execute.
Incorrect! Try again.
6Which statement about machine language is correct?
Machine and Assembly Language
Easy
A.It uses English keywords
B.It needs no execution
C.It is machine-dependent
D.It is easy for humans to read
Correct Answer: It is machine-dependent
Explanation:
Machine language is specific to a particular processor's architecture, making it machine-dependent and not portable across different systems.
Incorrect! Try again.
7High-level languages are closer to which of the following?
Higher Level Languages
Easy
A.Binary code
B.Human language
C.Electrical signals
D.Machine hardware
Correct Answer: Human language
Explanation:
High-level languages use English-like statements and syntax, making them closer to human language and easier to learn.
Incorrect! Try again.
8Which of the following is a high-level programming language?
Higher Level Languages
Easy
A.Assembly
B.Machine code
C.Binary
D.Python
Correct Answer: Python
Explanation:
Python is a popular high-level language that uses readable, English-like syntax, unlike low-level machine or assembly code.
Incorrect! Try again.
9Which translator converts a high-level program into machine code all at once?
Higher Level Languages
Easy
A.Compiler
B.Editor
C.Assembler
D.Debugger
Correct Answer: Compiler
Explanation:
A compiler translates the entire high-level source code into machine code in one step before the program is run.
Incorrect! Try again.
10Which translator executes a high-level program line by line?
Higher Level Languages
Easy
A.Compiler
B.Assembler
C.Loader
D.Interpreter
Correct Answer: Interpreter
Explanation:
An interpreter translates and executes a high-level program one statement at a time rather than all at once.
Incorrect! Try again.
11A key advantage of high-level languages over low-level languages is that they are:
Higher Level Languages
Easy
A.More portable across machines
B.Understood directly by the CPU
C.Faster than machine code
D.Written in binary
Correct Answer: More portable across machines
Explanation:
High-level languages are machine-independent, so the same program can run on different computers with the right translator, making them portable.
Incorrect! Try again.
12What does HTML stand for?
WWW development languages
Easy
A.Home Tool Markup Language
B.Hyperlink Text Marking Language
C.HyperText Markup Language
D.High Text Machine Language
Correct Answer: HyperText Markup Language
Explanation:
HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language and is used to structure the content of web pages.
Incorrect! Try again.
13Which language is mainly used to style and format the appearance of web pages?
WWW development languages
Easy
A.PHP
B.CSS
C.HTML
D.SQL
Correct Answer: CSS
Explanation:
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) controls the layout, colors, fonts, and overall visual presentation of web pages.
Incorrect! Try again.
14Which language is commonly used to add interactivity to web pages in the browser?
WWW development languages
Easy
A.C
B.FORTRAN
C.COBOL
D.JavaScript
Correct Answer: JavaScript
Explanation:
JavaScript is a client-side scripting language that adds interactive behavior to web pages, such as form validation and dynamic content.
Incorrect! Try again.
15In web development, HTML is primarily responsible for a web page's:
WWW development languages
Easy
A.Database queries
B.Structure and content
C.Colors and fonts
D.Server configuration
Correct Answer: Structure and content
Explanation:
HTML defines the structure and content of a web page using elements like headings, paragraphs, and links.
Incorrect! Try again.
16Which of the following is a server-side scripting language used in web development?
WWW development languages
Easy
A.HTML
B.XML
C.PHP
D.CSS
Correct Answer: PHP
Explanation:
PHP is a server-side scripting language used to build dynamic web pages by processing requests on the server before sending output to the browser.
Incorrect! Try again.
17What does SDLC stand for?
The SDLC of Programming
Easy
A.Standard Development Logic Cycle
B.Software Development Life Cycle
C.Software Design Language Code
D.System Data Logic Control
Correct Answer: Software Development Life Cycle
Explanation:
SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle, the structured process used to plan, create, test, and deploy software.
Incorrect! Try again.
18Which phase of the SDLC involves gathering what the software should do?
The SDLC of Programming
Easy
A.Maintenance
B.Coding
C.Requirement analysis
D.Testing
Correct Answer: Requirement analysis
Explanation:
The requirement analysis phase focuses on identifying and documenting what the software needs to accomplish before design begins.
Incorrect! Try again.
19In the SDLC, which phase is concerned with finding and fixing errors in the program?
The SDLC of Programming
Easy
A.Testing
B.Design
C.Planning
D.Deployment
Correct Answer: Testing
Explanation:
The testing phase checks the software for errors and ensures it meets the requirements before it is released.
Incorrect! Try again.
20Which SDLC phase takes place after the software has been deployed to keep it running correctly?
The SDLC of Programming
Easy
A.Design
B.Maintenance
C.Analysis
D.Coding
Correct Answer: Maintenance
Explanation:
The maintenance phase occurs after deployment and involves updating, fixing, and improving the software over time.
Incorrect! Try again.
21A team is building firmware that must directly control hardware registers with minimal overhead, yet they still want some human-readable mnemonics. Which language category best fits this need?
Categories of Programming Languages
Medium
A.Assembly language
B.Query language
C.Fourth-generation language (4GL)
D.Scripting language
Correct Answer: Assembly language
Explanation:
Assembly uses mnemonics that map almost one-to-one to machine instructions, giving low-level hardware control while remaining more readable than raw binary.
Incorrect! Try again.
22Languages are often classified as low-level or high-level. What is the primary basis for this classification?
Categories of Programming Languages
Medium
A.The degree of abstraction from the hardware
B.The age of the language
C.The speed of the compiler used
D.The number of keywords in the language
Correct Answer: The degree of abstraction from the hardware
Explanation:
Low-level languages stay close to hardware details, while high-level languages abstract them away with human-friendly constructs.
Incorrect! Try again.
23A developer says their code describes what result is wanted rather than how to compute it step by step. Which paradigm are they using?
Categories of Programming Languages
Medium
A.Declarative programming
B.Procedural programming
C.Assembly programming
D.Imperative programming
Correct Answer: Declarative programming
Explanation:
Declarative languages (like SQL) specify the desired outcome, whereas imperative/procedural styles specify explicit control-flow steps.
Incorrect! Try again.
24Which statement correctly describes the relationship between machine language and the CPU?
Machine and Assembly Language
Medium
A.Machine language must be interpreted line by line at runtime
B.Machine language is portable across all CPU types
C.Machine language is the only form the CPU executes directly
D.Machine language is written using English keywords
Correct Answer: Machine language is the only form the CPU executes directly
Explanation:
The CPU executes binary machine instructions directly; all other languages must eventually be translated into machine code.
Incorrect! Try again.
25An assembler is used to convert an assembly program into an executable form. What is its main function?
Machine and Assembly Language
Medium
A.Interpret source code line by line
B.Translate mnemonic instructions into machine code
C.Manage runtime memory allocation
D.Optimize high-level code into bytecode
Correct Answer: Translate mnemonic instructions into machine code
Explanation:
An assembler translates symbolic assembly mnemonics into the binary machine instructions the processor can run.
Incorrect! Try again.
26Why is assembly code generally not portable between different processor families?
Machine and Assembly Language
Medium
A.It is tied to a specific instruction set architecture
B.It is always encrypted for one machine
C.It cannot be assembled without the internet
D.It uses too many high-level abstractions
Correct Answer: It is tied to a specific instruction set architecture
Explanation:
Assembly mnemonics correspond to a particular CPU's instruction set, so code written for one architecture will not run on another.
Incorrect! Try again.
27In assembly language, a label such as LOOP: is primarily used to:
Machine and Assembly Language
Medium
A.Define the program's entry point only
B.Comment out a block of code
C.Mark a memory address that can be referenced
D.Reserve space for a global variable
Correct Answer: Mark a memory address that can be referenced
Explanation:
Labels name a location in code or data so instructions like jumps and branches can reference it symbolically instead of by raw address.
Incorrect! Try again.
28A compiled language and an interpreted language both start from source code. What is a key runtime difference?
Higher Level Languages
Medium
A.Compiled code runs as prebuilt machine code, interpreted code is translated during execution
B.Interpreted code always runs faster than compiled code
C.Interpreted code cannot use variables
D.Compiled code needs the source each time it runs
Correct Answer: Compiled code runs as prebuilt machine code, interpreted code is translated during execution
Explanation:
Compilation produces machine code ahead of time; interpretation translates instructions on the fly, which usually trades speed for flexibility.
Incorrect! Try again.
29A student runs a Java program on both Windows and Linux without recompiling. Which feature makes this possible?
Higher Level Languages
Medium
A.Bytecode executed by the Java Virtual Machine
B.Automatic conversion to assembly at install
C.Use of platform-specific header files
D.Direct compilation to each OS's machine code
Correct Answer: Bytecode executed by the Java Virtual Machine
Explanation:
Java compiles to platform-independent bytecode, which the JVM on each system interprets or JIT-compiles, enabling "write once, run anywhere."
Incorrect! Try again.
30Which characteristic is most associated with object-oriented high-level languages?
Higher Level Languages
Medium
A.Bundling data and behavior into classes and objects
B.Executing instructions strictly top to bottom
C.Describing results without any procedures
D.Direct manipulation of CPU registers
Correct Answer: Bundling data and behavior into classes and objects
Explanation:
Object-oriented languages organize code around objects that encapsulate both state (data) and behavior (methods).
Incorrect! Try again.
31A key advantage of high-level languages over assembly is that they:
Higher Level Languages
Medium
A.Give direct access to every hardware register
B.Eliminate the need for any translation
C.Improve programmer productivity and portability
D.Always produce faster executables
Correct Answer: Improve programmer productivity and portability
Explanation:
High-level languages abstract hardware details, making code easier to write, read, and move across platforms, though a translator is still required.
Incorrect! Try again.
32During compilation, which phase is responsible for checking that statements follow the grammar rules of the language?
Higher Level Languages
Medium
A.Linking
B.Syntax analysis (parsing)
C.Lexical analysis only
D.Code optimization
Correct Answer: Syntax analysis (parsing)
Explanation:
The parser (syntax analysis) verifies that the sequence of tokens conforms to the language grammar and builds a parse/syntax tree.
Incorrect! Try again.
33A web page displays headings and paragraphs but has no styling or interactivity. Which language is responsible for that structure?
WWW development languages
Medium
A.JavaScript
B.CSS
C.SQL
D.HTML
Correct Answer: HTML
Explanation:
HTML defines the structure and content of a page; CSS handles styling and JavaScript adds interactivity.
Incorrect! Try again.
34A developer wants to change the color and layout of many pages from one central file. Which technology is designed for this?
WWW development languages
Medium
A.HTML
B.CSS
C.XML
D.PHP
Correct Answer: CSS
Explanation:
CSS separates presentation from content, so a single stylesheet can control the look of many HTML pages at once.
Incorrect! Try again.
35Code that runs on the web server to generate a page before sending it to the browser is called:
WWW development languages
Medium
A.Server-side scripting
B.Client-side scripting
C.Style casting
D.Markup rendering
Correct Answer: Server-side scripting
Explanation:
Server-side scripts (like PHP or Node.js) execute on the server to build responses, unlike client-side JavaScript that runs in the browser.
Incorrect! Try again.
36Which pairing correctly matches a task to the appropriate web language?
WWW development languages
Medium
A.Styling text color — HTML
B.Validating a form without reloading the page — JavaScript
C.Adding interactivity — SQL
D.Defining page structure — CSS
Correct Answer: Validating a form without reloading the page — JavaScript
Explanation:
JavaScript runs in the browser and can validate input dynamically; HTML structures content and CSS styles it.
Incorrect! Try again.
37Why is JavaScript often described as a client-side language in traditional web development?
WWW development languages
Medium
A.It typically executes inside the user's browser
B.It only runs on database servers
C.It cannot access page elements
D.It compiles to machine code before download
Correct Answer: It typically executes inside the user's browser
Explanation:
Classic JavaScript runs in the browser (client), manipulating the DOM and responding to user actions, though it can also run server-side via Node.js.
Incorrect! Try again.
38A project team gathers user needs and documents what the software must do before any design begins. Which SDLC phase is this?
The SDLC of Programming
Medium
A.Testing
B.Implementation
C.Maintenance
D.Requirements analysis
Correct Answer: Requirements analysis
Explanation:
Requirements analysis captures and documents what the system must accomplish, forming the basis for design and later phases.
Incorrect! Try again.
39During which SDLC phase is source code actually written based on the design specifications?
The SDLC of Programming
Medium
A.Implementation (coding)
B.Requirements analysis
C.Deployment
D.Design
Correct Answer: Implementation (coding)
Explanation:
The implementation phase translates the design into working source code using a chosen programming language.
Incorrect! Try again.
40A defect discovered after the software is released to users is fixed and a patch is issued. This activity belongs to which SDLC phase?
The SDLC of Programming
Medium
A.Testing
B.Maintenance
C.Design
D.Requirements analysis
Correct Answer: Maintenance
Explanation:
Post-release fixes, updates, and enhancements fall under the maintenance phase of the SDLC.
Incorrect! Try again.
41A developer claims that a purely declarative language cannot express iteration. Which counter-argument most accurately refutes this claim?
Categories of Programming Languages
Hard
A.Declarative languages express repetition through recursion and set-based operations rather than explicit loop counters
B.Declarative languages always use while constructs hidden by syntax sugar
C.Declarative languages cannot process collections, so iteration is irrelevant
D.Declarative languages compile to imperative bytecode, so loops exist internally
Correct Answer: Declarative languages express repetition through recursion and set-based operations rather than explicit loop counters
Explanation:
Declarative paradigms (functional, logic, query) describe what is computed. Repetition is achieved via recursion or operations over whole sets/relations, not by mutating a loop counter, so iteration is expressible without imperative loops.
Incorrect! Try again.
42Consider four generations of languages (1GL–4GL). Which ordering correctly ranks them from lowest to highest level of abstraction?
Categories of Programming Languages
Hard
A.Procedural high-level, assembly, machine code, query languages
B.Machine code, assembly, procedural high-level, non-procedural query languages
Correct Answer: Machine code, assembly, procedural high-level, non-procedural query languages
Explanation:
1GL is machine code, 2GL is assembly, 3GL is procedural high-level (C, Java), and 4GL is non-procedural (SQL, report generators). Abstraction increases across the generations in that order.
Incorrect! Try again.
43An assembler encounters a forward reference to a label that is defined later in the source. How does a two-pass assembler resolve this?
Machine and Assembly Language
Hard
A.The first pass generates object code and the second pass deletes unused labels
B.The first pass builds a symbol table of all labels, and the second pass substitutes their resolved addresses
C.It halts and reports an error because forward references are illegal
D.It resolves the reference at runtime using dynamic linking
Correct Answer: The first pass builds a symbol table of all labels, and the second pass substitutes their resolved addresses
Explanation:
A two-pass assembler uses pass one to record every label and its address in a symbol table, then pass two emits object code, substituting the now-known addresses for both forward and backward references.
Incorrect! Try again.
44Why does the same assembly source program generally fail to run unmodified on two processors with different instruction set architectures (ISAs)?
Machine and Assembly Language
Hard
A.Assembly stores data in decimal, which processors read differently
B.Assembly mnemonics map to ISA-specific opcodes and register sets that differ between processors
C.Assembly is interpreted, so timing differences cause failures
D.Assembly lacks comments, which each processor requires differently
Correct Answer: Assembly mnemonics map to ISA-specific opcodes and register sets that differ between processors
Explanation:
Assembly is a symbolic form of a specific machine language. Each ISA defines its own opcodes, registers, and addressing modes, so assembly written for one ISA has no valid translation on another without a rewrite.
Incorrect! Try again.
45A machine instruction is stored as the 8-bit pattern . If the high 3 bits are the opcode and the low 5 bits are an operand, what are the opcode and operand values in decimal?
Machine and Assembly Language
Hard
A.Opcode , operand
B.Opcode , operand
C.Opcode , operand
D.Opcode , operand
Correct Answer: Opcode , operand
Explanation:
High 3 bits ; low 5 bits . So opcode is and operand is .
Incorrect! Try again.
46A language is described as compiled to bytecode and then executed by a virtual machine with just-in-time (JIT) compilation. Which statement about its execution model is most accurate?
Higher Level Languages
Hard
A.Frequently executed bytecode is compiled to native machine code at runtime to improve performance
B.The source is compiled directly to native code, bypassing bytecode
C.All bytecode is translated to native code before the program starts, eliminating the VM
D.Bytecode is interpreted line by line and never converted to native code
Correct Answer: Frequently executed bytecode is compiled to native machine code at runtime to improve performance
Explanation:
A JIT compiler identifies hot paths (frequently executed bytecode) and compiles them to native code during execution, combining portability of bytecode with the speed of native code for hot regions.
Incorrect! Try again.
47Consider strongly-typed versus weakly-typed high-level languages. Which scenario best illustrates a bug that strong static typing would catch at compile time but weak dynamic typing would not?
Higher Level Languages
Hard
A.Adding a numeric string to an integer produces silent implicit coercion instead of a type error
B.A file is opened but never closed, causing a resource leak
C.An infinite loop consumes all available memory
D.A null pointer is dereferenced during recursion
Correct Answer: Adding a numeric string to an integer produces silent implicit coercion instead of a type error
Explanation:
Weak dynamic typing may implicitly coerce a string to a number (or vice versa) and continue, hiding a logic error. Strong static typing rejects the mismatch at compile time. The other issues are runtime/logic faults unrelated to type checking.
Incorrect! Try again.
48A team debates using an interpreted versus a compiled language for a performance-critical numerical engine. Which tradeoff most accurately captures the core distinction?
Higher Level Languages
Hard
A.Interpretation always produces faster binaries but larger source files
B.Compilation produces optimized native code once, while interpretation re-analyzes source each run, usually costing runtime speed
C.Interpreted code cannot access hardware, while compiled code cannot be debugged
D.Compilation prevents any portability, while interpretation guarantees native speed
Correct Answer: Compilation produces optimized native code once, while interpretation re-analyzes source each run, usually costing runtime speed
Explanation:
Compilers translate and optimize ahead of time into native code, favoring runtime speed. Interpreters process source repeatedly at execution, trading raw speed for flexibility. For performance-critical numerics, compilation typically wins.
Incorrect! Try again.
49Which characteristic distinguishes an object-oriented high-level language from a purely procedural one in terms of how state and behavior are organized?
Higher Level Languages
Hard
A.Data and the operations acting on it are encapsulated together into objects rather than separated into structures and free functions
B.OO languages compile faster because they omit type information
C.Procedural languages cannot use functions, whereas OO languages can
D.Objects eliminate the need for variables by storing everything in registers
Correct Answer: Data and the operations acting on it are encapsulated together into objects rather than separated into structures and free functions
Explanation:
The defining OO trait is encapsulation: bundling state (data) with the methods that operate on it inside objects. Procedural code typically keeps data structures and functions separate. The other statements are false.
Incorrect! Try again.
50A web page renders correctly but a screen reader cannot interpret its structure. Considering the roles of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, which is the most likely root cause?
WWW development languages
Hard
A.The CSS file failed to load, breaking accessibility
B.HTTPS encryption blocked the screen reader from parsing text
C.JavaScript was minified, hiding the DOM from assistive tools
D.Visual layout was achieved with non-semantic elements and CSS instead of semantic HTML structure
Correct Answer: Visual layout was achieved with non-semantic elements and CSS instead of semantic HTML structure
Explanation:
Screen readers rely on semantic HTML (headings, landmarks, lists) to convey structure. If layout is faked with generic div/span styled by CSS, the visual result is fine but the accessibility tree is meaningless. Semantics live in HTML, not CSS.
Incorrect! Try again.
51In the client-server model of web development, which task is inherently a server-side responsibility that cannot be securely delegated to client-side JavaScript alone?
WWW development languages
Hard
A.Changing the color of a button on hover
B.Reordering a list without a page reload
C.Animating a dropdown menu
D.Validating and authorizing access to protected data before returning it
Correct Answer: Validating and authorizing access to protected data before returning it
Explanation:
Client-side code is fully visible and modifiable by the user, so authorization and trusted validation must occur server-side. Purely presentational effects (hover, animation, reordering) are legitimately handled on the client.
Incorrect! Try again.
52A developer stores rendered HTML from user input directly into the DOM using innerHTML without sanitization. Which vulnerability class does this most directly introduce?
WWW development languages
Hard
A.Cross-site scripting (XSS) through injection of executable markup
B.Denial of service by exhausting CPU
C.Buffer overflow in the browser heap
D.SQL injection through the database layer
Correct Answer: Cross-site scripting (XSS) through injection of executable markup
Explanation:
Injecting unsanitized user input via innerHTML allows an attacker to embed <script> or event-handler markup that the browser executes—classic reflected/stored XSS. Sanitizing or using text nodes prevents it.
Incorrect! Try again.
53Comparing server-side rendering (SSR) with client-side rendering (CSR) for initial page load, which statement is most accurate?
WWW development languages
Hard
A.SSR cannot be indexed by search engines, unlike CSR
B.SSR eliminates the need for any client-side JavaScript entirely
C.CSR always produces faster first paint because the server does no work
D.SSR sends fully-formed HTML so first meaningful paint is usually faster, while CSR shifts rendering work to the browser after a JavaScript download
Correct Answer: SSR sends fully-formed HTML so first meaningful paint is usually faster, while CSR shifts rendering work to the browser after a JavaScript download
Explanation:
SSR delivers ready HTML, improving initial paint and often SEO. CSR downloads a JS bundle and builds the DOM in the browser, delaying first meaningful paint. SSR can still hydrate with client-side JS afterward.
Incorrect! Try again.
54A project has volatile, frequently changing requirements and requires continuous stakeholder feedback. Which SDLC model is least suitable, and why?
The SDLC of Programming
Hard
A.Iterative, because it forbids feedback between cycles
B.Spiral, because it ignores risk analysis
C.Agile, because it cannot handle changing requirements
D.Waterfall, because its sequential phases resist changes once a phase is completed
Correct Answer: Waterfall, because its sequential phases resist changes once a phase is completed
Explanation:
Waterfall locks requirements early and flows strictly forward, making late changes costly. Agile, Spiral, and Iterative models are all built to accommodate evolving requirements and feedback, so Waterfall is the poor fit here.
Incorrect! Try again.
55The cost of fixing a defect discovered during the maintenance phase is often cited as far greater than one found during requirements analysis. Which principle best explains this escalation?
The SDLC of Programming
Hard
A.Defects propagate through later phases, so fixing them late requires reworking design, code, and tests built on the flawed assumption
B.Maintenance engineers are paid more than analysts
C.Late defects are always in hardware rather than software
D.Requirements defects never affect code, so they are free to fix
Correct Answer: Defects propagate through later phases, so fixing them late requires reworking design, code, and tests built on the flawed assumption
Explanation:
An error made early is inherited by every downstream artifact. Fixing it late means undoing and redoing design, implementation, and testing that were built on it—hence the sharply rising cost curve.
Incorrect! Try again.
56During which SDLC phase is the decision between build-vs-buy and the technical architecture (languages, platforms, data flow) most appropriately finalized?
The SDLC of Programming
Hard
A.Requirements gathering, before any analysis is done
B.Deployment, when the system goes live
C.System/software design, after requirements are analyzed but before coding begins
D.Testing, once the code is complete
Correct Answer: System/software design, after requirements are analyzed but before coding begins
Explanation:
Architecture and build-vs-buy choices belong to the design phase: requirements define what is needed, and design decides how—platforms, structure, and data flow—before implementation starts.
Incorrect! Try again.
57A team using the Spiral model completes a prototype and identifies a high-risk integration point. According to the model, what happens next in the cycle?
The SDLC of Programming
Hard
A.Risk is ignored until the maintenance phase
B.The project immediately moves to final deployment
C.The spiral restarts from scratch, discarding all prior work
D.Risk analysis drives the next iteration, where the identified risk is evaluated and mitigated before further engineering
Correct Answer: Risk analysis drives the next iteration, where the identified risk is evaluated and mitigated before further engineering
Explanation:
The Spiral model's defining feature is repeated risk-driven iteration. Each loop includes objective-setting, risk analysis/mitigation, engineering, and planning the next loop—so an identified risk is tackled in the following cycle.
Incorrect! Try again.
58Two SDLC approaches are compared: one delivers the entire system in a single release; the other delivers working increments repeatedly. Which is a genuine advantage of the incremental approach for a large enterprise system?
The SDLC of Programming
Hard
A.It guarantees the total cost will be lower than any other model
B.It removes the need for testing because increments are small
Correct Answer: Early increments deliver usable functionality and expose integration issues sooner, reducing late-stage surprises
Explanation:
Incremental delivery puts working software in users' hands early and surfaces integration and requirement problems while they are cheaper to fix. It does not remove testing, guarantee lower cost, or skip requirements.
Incorrect! Try again.
59A logic programming language (e.g., Prolog) is asked to solve a problem by stating facts and rules rather than steps. Which best describes how it produces an answer?
Categories of Programming Languages
Hard
A.A compiler converts the rules into sequential loops executed top to bottom
B.The interpreter ignores rules and only returns stored facts
C.An inference engine searches for variable bindings that satisfy the goal against the declared facts and rules
D.The runtime executes each fact as a function call in the order written
Correct Answer: An inference engine searches for variable bindings that satisfy the goal against the declared facts and rules
Explanation:
Logic languages are declarative: you state facts and rules, and an inference engine uses unification and backtracking to find bindings that make the query true. Control flow is implicit in the search, not written as loops.
Incorrect! Try again.
60Why is it inaccurate to call a language like Python "purely interpreted" even though it is commonly grouped with scripting languages?
Categories of Programming Languages
Hard
A.It never runs source code, only precompiled binaries
B.Its interpreter converts each character to assembly individually
C.Its source is first compiled to bytecode, which a virtual machine then executes
D.It is translated directly to machine code with no intermediate form
Correct Answer: Its source is first compiled to bytecode, which a virtual machine then executes
Explanation:
Many "interpreted" languages compile source to an intermediate bytecode that a virtual machine interprets/executes. So the pipeline includes a compilation step, making the "purely interpreted" label imprecise.
Incorrect! Try again.
Did this save you a night before the exam?
LPU Notes is free, and it stays free. Ads cover part of the server bill.
The rest comes out of a student's own pocket: the domain, the storage,
and keeping the site up through the weeks everyone needs it at once.
The payment button didn't load. An ad blocker or a filtered network is the usual reason.
to try again.
Nothing here is ever locked, and nothing unlocks. Chip in only if it was worth it.
What it pays for →