Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments readily convertible into known amounts of cash.
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11Payment of dividend by a company is classified as a cash flow from:
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Easy
A.Financing activities
B.Operating activities
C.Investing activities
D.Extraordinary activities
Correct Answer: Financing activities
Explanation:
Dividend paid relates to the returns provided to owners of capital, so it is a financing activity.
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12Sale of an old machine for cash is recorded as a cash flow under:
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Easy
A.Provisional activities
B.Operating activities
C.Investing activities
D.Financing activities
Correct Answer: Investing activities
Explanation:
Disposal of a long-term asset such as machinery is an investing activity.
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13An increase in trade receivables during the year is treated in operating cash flow as a:
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Easy
A.Deduction
B.Addition
C.Financing inflow
D.Non-cash item ignored
Correct Answer: Deduction
Explanation:
An increase in receivables means less cash was collected, so it is deducted while computing operating cash flow.
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14A decrease in inventory during the year is treated in operating cash flow as a:
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Easy
A.Deduction
B.Addition
C.Financing outflow
D.Investing outflow
Correct Answer: Addition
Explanation:
A decrease in inventory releases cash, so it is added while computing operating cash flow.
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15Interest paid on borrowings by a non-financial company is generally shown under:
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Easy
A.Deferred activities
B.Investing activities
C.Operating activities
D.Financing activities
Correct Answer: Financing activities
Explanation:
For a non-financial enterprise, interest paid on borrowed funds is treated as a financing activity.
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16A consistently positive cash flow from operating activities generally indicates that a business is:
Analysis of Cash Flow Statement
Easy
A.Making accounting errors
B.Selling all its fixed assets
C.Relying only on new loans
D.Generating enough cash from its core operations
Correct Answer: Generating enough cash from its core operations
Explanation:
Positive operating cash flow shows the core business generates sufficient cash to sustain operations.
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17A large cash outflow under investing activities most commonly suggests that a firm is:
Analysis of Cash Flow Statement
Easy
A.Purchasing long-term assets
B.Collecting cash from debtors
C.Reducing its expenses
D.Repaying its share capital
Correct Answer: Purchasing long-term assets
Explanation:
Heavy investing outflows usually reflect purchases of fixed assets or investments for future growth.
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18The Cash Flow Statement is mainly useful for assessing an enterprise's:
Analysis of Cash Flow Statement
Easy
A.Liquidity and solvency
B.Market share
C.Employee satisfaction
D.Advertising strategy
Correct Answer: Liquidity and solvency
Explanation:
It helps users judge the ability of a business to generate cash and meet its obligations.
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19If net cash flow from financing activities is negative, it may indicate that the company has:
Analysis of Cash Flow Statement
Easy
A.Sold obsolete inventory
B.Repaid loans or paid dividends
C.Collected cash from customers
D.Issued new shares for cash
Correct Answer: Repaid loans or paid dividends
Explanation:
Negative financing cash flow often reflects outflows such as loan repayment or dividend payment.
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20The net increase or decrease in cash and cash equivalents is found by:
Analysis of Cash Flow Statement
Easy
A.Multiplying the three activity totals
B.Subtracting financing from operating flows
C.Adding only operating and investing flows
D.Adding the net cash flows of all three activities
Correct Answer: Adding the net cash flows of all three activities
Explanation:
The net change in cash equals the sum of cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities.
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21A company reports high net profit but a negative cash flow from operating activities. Which of the following best explains the significance of this situation for an analyst?
Meaning and Significance
Medium
A.The company is definitely insolvent and heading towards bankruptcy
B.The company may have profits tied up in receivables and inventory, signalling possible liquidity stress
C.The company has understated its net profit in the income statement
D.The company has generated excess cash that is idle in its bank account
Correct Answer: The company may have profits tied up in receivables and inventory, signalling possible liquidity stress
Explanation:
Profit is measured on an accrual basis, so high profit with negative operating cash flow often means cash is locked in working capital items like debtors and stock. This flags potential liquidity concerns without necessarily implying insolvency.
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22Which statement best distinguishes a Cash Flow Statement from an Income Statement?
Meaning and Significance
Medium
A.The Cash Flow Statement records actual inflows and outflows of cash, while the Income Statement records income and expenses on an accrual basis
B.The Cash Flow Statement shows only financing activities, while the Income Statement shows operating activities
C.The Cash Flow Statement ignores non-cash items, while the Income Statement ignores cash items
D.The Cash Flow Statement is prepared annually, while the Income Statement is prepared monthly
Correct Answer: The Cash Flow Statement records actual inflows and outflows of cash, while the Income Statement records income and expenses on an accrual basis
Explanation:
The core difference lies in the basis of recognition. The Cash Flow Statement is cash-based, capturing real movements of cash, whereas the Income Statement follows the accrual concept, recognising revenue and expenses when earned or incurred.
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23Under the indirect method, while computing cash flow from operating activities, an increase in trade payables should be:
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Medium
A.Ignored as it is a non-cash item
B.Deducted from net profit before tax
C.Shown under investing activities
D.Added to net profit before tax
Correct Answer: Added to net profit before tax
Explanation:
An increase in trade payables means the firm has delayed paying suppliers, conserving cash. Hence it is added back while computing operating cash flow under the indirect method.
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24A machine costing with accumulated depreciation of was sold for . How is this transaction treated in the Cash Flow Statement?
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Medium
A. inflow under investing activities and profit deducted under operating activities
B. inflow under investing activities and added under operating activities
C. inflow under investing activities with no adjustment in operating activities
D. inflow under investing activities and loss added back under operating activities
Correct Answer: inflow under investing activities and loss added back under operating activities
Explanation:
Book value . Sale at gives a loss of , which is added back to net profit under operating activities. The sale proceeds are shown as an inflow under investing activities.
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25Which of the following is classified as a financing activity for a non-financial company?
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Medium
A.Payment of dividends to shareholders
B.Sale of goods for cash
C.Purchase of raw materials on cash
D.Collection from trade receivables
Correct Answer: Payment of dividends to shareholders
Explanation:
Financing activities relate to changes in the size and composition of the owners' capital and borrowings. Payment of dividends is a return to shareholders and is classified as a financing outflow.
Incorrect! Try again.
26Net profit before tax is . Depreciation is , and there is a profit on sale of investments of . What is the operating profit before working capital changes?
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Add back non-cash depreciation and deduct non-operating profit on sale of investments: .
Incorrect! Try again.
27For a finance company whose main business is lending, interest received and interest paid are classified under:
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Medium
A.Operating activities
B.Investing and financing activities respectively
C.Investing activities only
D.Financing activities only
Correct Answer: Operating activities
Explanation:
For a financial enterprise, interest received and interest paid form part of its principal revenue-generating operations, so both are classified under operating activities.
Incorrect! Try again.
28Which of the following would result in a cash outflow from investing activities?
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Medium
A.Issue of equity shares for cash
B.Purchase of a patent for cash
C.Increase in bank overdraft
D.Repayment of long-term loan
Correct Answer: Purchase of a patent for cash
Explanation:
Acquisition of long-term assets such as patents is an investing activity. Purchasing it for cash creates an outflow under investing activities.
Incorrect! Try again.
29Opening balance of provision for tax is , closing balance is , and tax paid during the year was . What amount of tax provision is charged to the profit and loss account?
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Provision made Closing balance Tax paid Opening balance .
Incorrect! Try again.
30Under the indirect method, which of the following adjustments is made for a decrease in inventory?
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Medium
A.Added under investing activities
B.Deducted under financing activities
C.Deducted from operating profit before working capital changes
D.Added to operating profit before working capital changes
Correct Answer: Added to operating profit before working capital changes
Explanation:
A decrease in inventory means stock has been converted into cash or reduced cash outflow. Hence it is added while computing cash from operations.
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31A company issued debentures of at par during the year and paid debenture interest of . How are these treated?
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Medium
A.Both amounts shown under operating activities
B. inflow under financing and outflow under financing
C. inflow under investing and outflow under operating
D. inflow under financing and outflow under investing
Correct Answer: inflow under financing and outflow under financing
Explanation:
Issue of debentures is a financing inflow and interest paid on them (for a non-financial company) is generally treated as a financing outflow, so both fall under financing activities.
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32Which of the following transactions does NOT affect the cash flow statement?
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Medium
A.Payment of cash dividend
B.Cash purchase of machinery
C.Cash sale of investments
D.Purchase of building by issue of shares
Correct Answer: Purchase of building by issue of shares
Explanation:
Purchase of a building through issue of shares is a non-cash transaction involving no movement of cash, so it is excluded from the cash flow statement (though disclosed separately).
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33Cash flow from operating activities is , cash used in investing activities is , and cash from financing activities is . If opening cash and cash equivalents were , the closing balance is:
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Net increase . Closing balance .
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34While preparing a cash flow statement, proposed dividend of the previous year that is approved and paid in the current year is treated as:
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Medium
A.An adjustment added to net profit
B.An outflow under financing activities
C.An inflow under investing activities
D.An outflow under operating activities
Correct Answer: An outflow under financing activities
Explanation:
Dividend actually paid during the year represents a return to shareholders and is shown as a cash outflow under financing activities.
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35A firm consistently shows positive cash flow from operations, negative cash flow from investing, and negative cash flow from financing. This pattern most likely indicates:
Analysis of Cash Flow Statement
Medium
A.A mature, profitable company funding growth and repaying its obligations from internal cash
B.A company facing severe operational losses
C.A struggling start-up dependent on external borrowing
D.A company that has stopped all investment activity
Correct Answer: A mature, profitable company funding growth and repaying its obligations from internal cash
Explanation:
Positive operating cash flow with outflows in investing (asset purchases) and financing (loan/dividend payments) typically reflects a healthy, mature firm generating enough internal cash to grow and meet obligations.
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36Which of the following limitations of the cash flow statement is valid?
Analysis of Cash Flow Statement
Medium
A.It cannot show changes in cash and cash equivalents
B.It ignores the accrual concept and hence cannot replace the income statement in measuring profitability
C.It fails to classify cash flows into activities
D.It cannot be used to assess a company's liquidity position
Correct Answer: It ignores the accrual concept and hence cannot replace the income statement in measuring profitability
Explanation:
A key limitation is that the cash flow statement, being cash-based, disregards accrual accounting and so does not by itself measure true profitability; it complements rather than replaces the income statement.
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37A company's operating cash flow is and its current liabilities are . The operating cash flow ratio is:
Analysis of Cash Flow Statement
Medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Operating cash flow ratio , indicating strong ability to cover short-term obligations.
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38If a company's investing activities show a large cash inflow mainly from the sale of fixed assets while operating cash flow is declining, an analyst should interpret this as:
Analysis of Cash Flow Statement
Medium
A.Evidence of increased long-term investment
B.An indication of strong profitability from core operations
C.A possible warning sign that the firm is selling assets to sustain cash needs
D.A clear sign of expanding operations and capacity
Correct Answer: A possible warning sign that the firm is selling assets to sustain cash needs
Explanation:
Relying on asset sales for cash while operating cash flow falls can signal financial distress, as the firm may be liquidating productive assets to meet its cash requirements rather than generating cash from operations.
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39Free cash flow is best described as:
Analysis of Cash Flow Statement
Medium
A.Net profit plus depreciation
B.Closing cash balance less opening cash balance
C.Cash flow from operations less capital expenditure
D.Cash flow from financing less dividends paid
Correct Answer: Cash flow from operations less capital expenditure
Explanation:
Free cash flow measures the cash a company generates after funding the capital expenditure needed to maintain or expand its asset base, indicating cash available for distribution or debt reduction.
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40Two companies report identical net profits, but Company A has much higher cash flow from operations than Company B. This most likely suggests that:
Analysis of Cash Flow Statement
Medium
A.Company A has overstated its net profit
B.Company A has better quality of earnings with fewer accruals
C.Company B is more profitable in cash terms
D.Company B has stronger liquidity than Company A
Correct Answer: Company A has better quality of earnings with fewer accruals
Explanation:
When operating cash flow closely supports or exceeds reported profit, earnings are considered higher quality because they are backed by actual cash rather than accruals. Company A's higher operating cash flow reflects this.
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41A company reports Net Profit before tax of . During the year, machinery costing (accumulated depreciation ) was sold for . Depreciation charged for the year was . What is the cash flow from operating activities adjustment for these non-operating items (before working capital changes)?
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Hard
A.Add depreciation and add profit on sale
B.Add depreciation and deduct profit on sale
C.Add depreciation and deduct loss on sale
D.Add depreciation and deduct profit on sale
Correct Answer: Add depreciation and deduct profit on sale
Explanation:
Book value . Sold for , so profit on sale . Depreciation is added back (non-cash), and profit on sale is deducted as it is a non-operating gain shown under investing.
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42A firm shows positive net cash flow overall, but cash from operating activities is negative while cash from financing activities is highly positive due to fresh borrowings. What does this pattern most likely indicate?
Analysis of Cash Flow Statement
Hard
A.The firm is funding operating shortfalls through debt, a potential liquidity concern
B.The firm has strong core operations generating surplus cash
C.The firm is repaying debt from operating surplus
D.The firm is in a mature, self-financing stage
Correct Answer: The firm is funding operating shortfalls through debt, a potential liquidity concern
Explanation:
Negative operating cash flow covered by borrowings signals the core business is not self-sustaining and depends on external debt, which raises solvency and liquidity concerns despite a positive overall change.
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43Provision for tax at the beginning was and at the end . Tax paid during the year was . What amount of tax provision was charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss during the year?
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Opening provision provision made tax paid closing . So provision made .
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44As per AS 3, how should a financing institution (whose principal business is lending) treat interest received and interest paid in its cash flow statement?
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Hard
A.Interest received as operating, interest paid as financing
B.Both as investing activities
C.Interest received as investing, interest paid as financing
D.Both as operating activities
Correct Answer: Both as operating activities
Explanation:
For a financial enterprise, interest and dividends form part of its main operating revenue and cost, so both interest received and interest paid are classified under operating activities.
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45A company issued shares of to acquire a building of the same value, and separately paid cash for equipment. How are these transactions reflected in the cash flow statement?
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Hard
A.Both and appear as investing outflows
B.Only cash outflow under investing; the share-for-building deal is disclosed as a non-cash transaction
C. appears as a single investing outflow
D. under financing inflow and under investing outflow
Correct Answer: Only cash outflow under investing; the share-for-building deal is disclosed as a non-cash transaction
Explanation:
Issuing shares for a building involves no cash movement, so it is excluded from the statement and disclosed separately as a non-cash transaction. Only the cash paid for equipment appears as an investing outflow.
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46A company's net profit rose 20% but its operating cash flow declined sharply. Which combination of changes best explains this divergence?
Analysis of Cash Flow Statement
Hard
A.Large increases in debtors and inventory with rising creditors delayed but insufficient
B.Reduction in depreciation and increase in creditors
C.Sale of fixed assets at a profit recorded in operations
D.Decrease in debtors and inventory funded by cash sales
Correct Answer: Large increases in debtors and inventory with rising creditors delayed but insufficient
Explanation:
Profit is accrual-based. A big build-up in debtors and inventory locks cash in working capital, so even with higher reported profit, actual operating cash inflow falls.
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47Opening balance of machinery (net) was and closing was . Depreciation for the year was and machinery with book value was sold. What was the amount of machinery purchased during the year?
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Closing Opening Purchases Depreciation BV of asset sold. , so .
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48A company declared and paid a final dividend of for the previous year and proposed a dividend of for the current year. How is this treated in the current year's cash flow statement (as per Indian practice treating proposed dividend of prior year)?
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Hard
A.Outflow of under financing activities
B.Outflow of under financing activities
C.Outflow of under financing activities
D.No outflow; both are non-cash items
Correct Answer: Outflow of under financing activities
Explanation:
Only the dividend actually paid during the year (, being the previous year's proposed dividend) is a cash outflow under financing. The current year's proposed dividend is not yet paid, so it is not shown as an outflow.
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49Which statement best captures why a profitable company may still face bankruptcy, a key insight the cash flow statement reveals?
Meaning and Significance
Hard
A.Profit is measured on accrual basis while solvency depends on timely cash availability
B.Non-cash expenses reduce both profit and available cash equally
C.Cash flow statement measures profitability better than the income statement
D.Profit always equals cash generated in the same period
Correct Answer: Profit is measured on accrual basis while solvency depends on timely cash availability
Explanation:
Accrual profit includes credit sales and non-cash items and ignores timing of cash. A firm can be profitable yet illiquid if cash is tied up or obligations fall due before receipts, which the cash flow statement highlights.
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50Under the direct method, cash paid to suppliers is calculated. Cost of goods sold is , inventory increased by , and creditors decreased by . What is the cash paid to suppliers?
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Purchases COGS increase in inventory . Cash paid Purchases decrease in creditors .
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51A company's 10% Debentures were at the start. During the year debentures were redeemed at a premium of 5% and interest was duly paid. What are the total financing outflows relating to debentures?
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Redemption premium . Interest paid of . Total financing outflow .
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52Two firms have identical net profits. Firm X shows most cash generated from operations; Firm Y shows most cash from sale of fixed assets and fresh loans. What does this reveal about earnings quality?
Analysis of Cash Flow Statement
Hard
A.Both have identical earnings quality since profits match
B.Firm X has higher quality earnings as cash is generated from core operations
C.Earnings quality cannot be linked to cash flow sources
D.Firm Y has higher quality earnings due to diversified sources
Correct Answer: Firm X has higher quality earnings as cash is generated from core operations
Explanation:
High-quality earnings are backed by operating cash. Firm Y's cash from asset sales and borrowings is non-recurring and not sustainable, indicating lower earnings quality despite equal profits.
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53Net profit before tax is . Adjustments: depreciation , goodwill amortised , interest on investments received , and loss on sale of investment . What is operating profit before working capital changes?
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
(dep) (goodwill) (loss) (interest income) . Non-cash and non-operating items are adjusted accordingly.
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54Which of the following correctly represents the treatment of a bank overdraft repayable on demand and a short-term marketable investment (maturity 2 months) as per AS 3?
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Hard
A.Both are excluded from cash and cash equivalents
B.Overdraft is a financing activity; marketable investment is an investing activity
C.Both are treated as financing activities
D.Overdraft is part of cash and cash equivalents; marketable investment is a cash equivalent
Correct Answer: Overdraft is part of cash and cash equivalents; marketable investment is a cash equivalent
Explanation:
AS 3 treats bank overdrafts repayable on demand as part of cash and cash equivalents (negative), and highly liquid investments with short maturity (typically months) as cash equivalents.
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55Equity share capital rose from to and Securities Premium from to . Bonus shares of were issued during the year. What is the cash inflow from issue of shares?
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Cash issue of capital bonus . Add securities premium received . Cash inflow . Bonus is non-cash.
Incorrect! Try again.
56A company consistently reports operating cash flow lower than net profit each year, with the gap widening. Ignoring depreciation, which explanation is most consistent with this trend?
Analysis of Cash Flow Statement
Hard
A.Rapid settlement of trade payables in cash
B.Aggressive revenue recognition inflating receivables faster than collections
C.Increasing reliance on advance payments from customers
Correct Answer: Aggressive revenue recognition inflating receivables faster than collections
Explanation:
A widening gap where profit exceeds operating cash often signals revenue booked on credit that is not converting to cash, inflating receivables, a red flag for aggressive or premature revenue recognition.
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57A firm's surplus (P&L) balance moved from to . During the year, dividend of was paid and was transferred to General Reserve. What is the net profit before these appropriations (net profit after tax)?
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Closing Opening Profit Dividend Transfer to reserve. , so .
Incorrect! Try again.
58Given: cash from operations , tax paid , interest paid on loan (non-financial enterprise). What is the net cash from operating activities?
Construction of Cash Flow Statement
Hard
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
For a non-financial enterprise, interest paid is a financing outflow, not deducted here. Only tax paid reduces operating cash: .
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59Which limitation of the cash flow statement is most accurate when it is used in isolation for decision-making?
Meaning and Significance
Hard
A.It reflects the true market value of assets and liabilities
B.It cannot be prepared without forecasting future cash flows
C.It ignores non-cash transactions and accrual-based profitability, so it cannot replace the income statement and balance sheet
D.It measures profitability more accurately than the income statement
Correct Answer: It ignores non-cash transactions and accrual-based profitability, so it cannot replace the income statement and balance sheet
Explanation:
The cash flow statement focuses only on cash movements and excludes non-cash items and accrual profits. It supplements, but does not replace, the income statement and balance sheet for a complete picture.
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60A mature company shows: negative operating? No — positive operating cash flow, negative investing cash flow, and negative financing cash flow. What does this pattern typically indicate?
Analysis of Cash Flow Statement
Hard
A.A healthy firm using operating cash to invest and repay debt or return capital
B.A firm liquidating assets to survive
C.A start-up burning cash across all activities
D.A distressed firm dependent on external funds
Correct Answer: A healthy firm using operating cash to invest and repay debt or return capital
Explanation:
Positive operating cash with negative investing (buying assets) and negative financing (repaying loans or paying dividends) is typical of a financially sound, self-sustaining firm funding growth and obligations from its own operations.
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