Unit 5: Advanced IT Technologies - Practice Quiz

1 What does cloud computing primarily deliver to users?

2 Which of the following is a key advantage of cloud computing?

3 Which of these is an example of a public cloud service provider?

4 In the SaaS model, what does the user typically access?

5 Which cloud service model provides virtualized computing resources like servers and storage?

6 PaaS stands for which of the following?

7 Google Docs and Gmail are common examples of which cloud service model?

8 What is virtualization in computing?

9 What is the software that creates and manages virtual machines called?

10 A virtual server is best described as which of the following?

11 Which is a major benefit of running multiple virtual servers on one physical machine?

12 What is cloud storage?

13 Which of the following is a popular cloud storage service?

14 A key benefit of cloud storage is that files can be accessed from where?

15 What does IoT stand for?

16 Which of the following is an example of an IoT device?

17 Which application area commonly uses IoT technology?

18 Which of the following is a core layer in a typical IoT framework?

19 What is the main role of a sensor in an IoT system?

20 What does an actuator do in an IoT system?

21 A startup wants to avoid large upfront hardware costs and pay only for the computing resources it actually consumes each month. Which core characteristic of cloud computing directly supports this goal?

22 During a flash sale, an online store suddenly receives 10x its normal traffic and its cloud servers automatically expand to handle the load, then shrink afterward. Which cloud property is being demonstrated?

23 A company wants full control over the operating system and installed software but does not want to manage physical servers. Which cloud service model best fits this requirement?

24 A developer wants to deploy application code without configuring the underlying servers, runtime, or operating system patches. Which service model is most appropriate?

25 Gmail and Google Docs let users work directly in a browser with no installation or maintenance. Which service model do these represent?

26 In which service model does the customer bear the greatest management responsibility (OS, runtime, applications, and data)?

27 A data center runs 8 virtual servers on a single physical machine, each believing it has its own dedicated hardware. Which software component makes this possible?

28 A company consolidates 10 underutilized physical servers into 3 physical machines running multiple VMs. What is the primary benefit achieved?

29 A Type 1 hypervisor differs from a Type 2 hypervisor primarily because it:

30 An application must store large volumes of unstructured files such as images and videos with access via HTTP APIs. Which cloud storage type is most suitable?

31 A banking application requires strict consistency, transactions, and structured tables with defined relationships. Which storage option best meets these needs?

32 A social media app stores rapidly growing, semi-structured user data with flexible fields and needs to scale horizontally across many servers. Which database type fits best?

33 Why does cloud storage typically replicate data across multiple locations or zones?

34 A smart thermostat measures room temperature and automatically adjusts the air conditioner without human input. This best illustrates which core idea of IoT?

35 A city installs connected sensors on trash bins to notify collection trucks only when bins are full. Which IoT application category does this represent?

36 A wearable fitness band continuously monitors heart rate and sends alerts to a phone app. Which benefit of IoT in healthcare does this demonstrate?

37 In a typical IoT architecture, which layer is responsible for collecting raw data directly from the physical environment?

38 In the layered IoT framework, which layer is primarily responsible for transmitting collected data to processing systems or the cloud?

39 An IoT gateway aggregates data from many local sensors before sending it to the cloud. What is the main advantage of processing some data at the gateway (edge) rather than sending everything to the cloud?

40 In a smart irrigation system, a soil moisture reading triggers a water valve to open. Which component acts as the actuator?

41 A startup deploys its application code on a managed platform where the provider handles the OS, runtime, and scaling, but the startup remains fully responsible for the application logic and its data. During an audit, a misconfigured application session store leaks user data. Under the shared responsibility model for PaaS, who is accountable for this breach?

42 An organization wants maximum control over the operating system, middleware, and installed libraries while offloading only the physical hardware, networking, and hypervisor management to a vendor. Which service model fits, and what is the key trade-off?

43 A physical host has 32 GB RAM and runs 5 virtual machines, each configured with 8 GB RAM (40 GB total allocated). All VMs boot and run without immediate failure. Which virtualization concept best explains this?

44 Which statement correctly distinguishes a Type 1 (bare-metal) hypervisor from a Type 2 (hosted) hypervisor in a performance-critical server context?

45 A retailer experiences predictable traffic spikes every festival season. They want to pay only for extra capacity during spikes and release it afterward without manual intervention. Which combination of cloud characteristics is being leveraged?

46 An enterprise keeps sensitive workloads on a private cloud but bursts non-sensitive batch jobs to a public cloud during peak load. This deployment model is best described as, and its primary challenge is:

47 A system requires storing millions of unstructured media files with HTTP access, high durability, and flat namespace addressing rather than a hierarchical file tree. Which cloud storage type is most appropriate?

48 According to the CAP theorem, a distributed cloud database experiencing a network partition must choose between two guarantees. If the system continues serving requests on both sides of the partition, which guarantee has it sacrificed?

49 A cloud team migrates a relational workload requiring strict ACID transactions and complex multi-table joins. Which storage/database choice best preserves these requirements?

50 In an industrial IoT deployment, latency-sensitive analytics must occur near the machines to avoid the round-trip delay of sending all data to a distant cloud. Which architectural approach directly addresses this, and why?

51 A smart agriculture system has thousands of battery-powered soil sensors spread across large fields, sending small packets infrequently. Which wireless technology best matches the requirements of long range and low power?

52 In a layered IoT reference framework, raw sensor readings are collected, then aggregated and filtered near the network edge before only meaningful events are forwarded upward. Which layer performs this aggregation and preprocessing?

53 An IoT architect chooses MQTT over HTTP for communication between constrained devices and a broker. Which property of MQTT most justifies this choice for large-scale, unreliable networks?

54 Consider the IoT control loop: an environmental condition changes, and the system responds physically. Which sequence correctly orders the roles of sensor and actuator?

55 A temperature sensor outputs an analog voltage that increases linearly with temperature. Before a microcontroller can process it in a digital IoT node, which component is essential, and why?

56 Compared with full hardware virtualization using VMs, containers share the host OS kernel. What is the correct security and performance trade-off of this design?

57 A finance company uses a fully managed email and CRM application accessed via a browser, with the vendor handling everything from infrastructure to updates. A regulatory audit asks who controls the underlying data encryption keys by default. In the typical SaaS model, the most accurate answer is:

58 A smart-home vendor ships devices with a shared default password and no automatic firmware updates. From an IoT security standpoint, what is the most significant systemic risk?

59 In an IoT framework, a device twin (digital twin) is maintained in the cloud to mirror a physical device's state. What primary problem does this abstraction solve for intermittently connected devices?

60 In a closed-loop IoT thermostat, sensor noise causes the actuator (heater relay) to switch on and off rapidly around the setpoint, causing wear. Which control technique most directly addresses this oscillation?