Unit 10: Justice - Practice Quiz

1 What does justice primarily seek to ensure in society?

2 Which concept refers to giving each person what is due to them?

3 Distributive justice is mainly concerned with the distribution of what?

4 Which principle requires similar cases to be treated similarly?

5 Social justice focuses mainly on fairness in which area?

6 What is the main concern of procedural justice?

7 Which practice is an example of procedural justice?

8 The requirement that no person should judge their own case supports which idea?

9 Why are consistent rules important to procedural justice?

10 Which quality should a fair decision-maker possess?

11 Who developed the influential theory called "justice as fairness"?

12 In Rawls's theory, what is the "original position"?

13 What does Rawls's "veil of ignorance" prevent people from knowing?

14 According to Rawls's first principle, each person should have equal access to what?

15 Under Rawls's difference principle, inequalities are acceptable when they benefit whom?

16 Global justice examines fairness primarily at which level?

17 Which issue is a central concern of global justice?

18 The fair sharing of responsibilities for climate change is an example of what?

19 Which organization is associated with promoting international cooperation among states?

20 The idea that all human beings deserve basic rights regardless of nationality reflects what?

21 A government gives additional educational funding to disadvantaged districts so that students can compete on more equal terms. Which conception of justice best supports this policy?

22 A factory is ordered to compensate residents whose property was damaged by its pollution. Which form of justice is most directly involved?

23 Two employees perform the same work under identical conditions, but one receives lower pay because of their social background. Which principle is most clearly violated?

24 A tax system requires citizens with higher incomes to contribute a larger percentage toward public services. This policy primarily concerns which question?

25 A court imposes a punishment proportionate to the seriousness of an offender's crime. Which conception of justice does this illustrate?

26 Applicants for public housing are assessed under published rules, may review the evidence, and can appeal adverse decisions. Which feature of procedural justice is most evident?

27 A university disciplinary panel follows its rules but refuses to let an accused student answer the allegations. What is the central procedural defect?

28 One person cuts a cake while another person chooses the first piece. Assuming equal shares are required, what kind of procedural justice does this arrangement illustrate?

29 A fair lottery awards a scarce permit when all eligible applicants have equal claims and no independent rule identifies the deserving winner. What kind of justice is illustrated?

30 A criminal trial aims to convict only the guilty, but even fair trials can sometimes produce mistaken verdicts. Which category best describes this situation?

31 Representatives choosing principles behind Rawls's veil of ignorance do not know whether they will be wealthy or poor. What is the main purpose of this restriction?

32 Policy X raises everyone's income but gives the greatest proportional improvement to the least advantaged. Under Rawls's difference principle, how should Policy X be assessed?

33 A society allows wealthy families to purchase exclusive access to nearly all senior public offices. Which Rawlsian requirement is most directly threatened?

34 A government proposes restricting political speech in exchange for a small increase in national income. How would Rawls's priority rules generally evaluate this proposal?

35 Behind the veil of ignorance, a chooser favors the arrangement whose least favorable social position is better than the least favorable positions under alternatives. Which reasoning strategy is being used?

36 A cosmopolitan argues that a child's access to essential medicine should not depend on the country of birth. Which claim best captures this position?

37 Country A has produced far more historical emissions and has much greater financial capacity than Country B. Which climate policy best reflects differentiated responsibility?

38 An international trade rule predictably deepens severe poverty, and affluent states continue enforcing it despite feasible reforms. Which global justice concern is most directly raised?

39 A statist accepts strong redistributive duties within states but only limited humanitarian duties across borders. What chiefly explains this distinction?

40 A global minimum tax is proposed to stop corporations shifting profits to tax havens and weakening poorer states' revenues. Which aim of global justice does it most directly serve?

41 A statute applies the same licensing rule to every candidate, but historical exclusion has left one group systematically unable to satisfy a costly prerequisite unrelated to job performance. Which assessment best distinguishes formal from substantive justice?

42 A factory unlawfully pollutes a river, harming identifiable fishers, while the government separately taxes profitable industries to fund public healthcare. How are the two measures most accurately classified?

43 Four scholarships are allocated respectively by equal shares, academic achievement, financial need, and expected social benefit. What does disagreement among these rules primarily demonstrate?

44 A minority receives income transfers equalizing its material resources, yet public institutions continue to depict its culture as inferior. Which criticism most directly identifies the remaining injustice?

45 A court imposes radically different sentences on equally culpable offenders solely because one crime generated intense media attention. Which principle is most directly violated?

46 Which pairing correctly applies Rawls's distinction among types of procedural justice?

47 A defendant receives full notice, an impartial hearing, and an opportunity to answer evidence, but is convicted because of a reasonable factual error. What follows from an imperfect-procedural account of adjudication?

48 Two agencies reach equally accurate decisions, but only one allows affected persons to present arguments and receive reasons. An intrinsic account of procedural fairness favors that agency mainly because:

49 A city has one scarce permit and five applicants with equally strong claims. Under pure procedural justice, which allocation method is most defensible?

50 A legislature adopts a policy after inclusive deliberation and fair voting, but the policy violates a protected basic right. Which conclusion best avoids reducing justice either to procedure or to outcome alone?

51 A government can substantially increase national income only by prohibiting peaceful opposition parties, while preserving equal economic opportunity. Under Rawls's lexical ordering, how should the proposal be assessed?

52 Assume schemes , , and equally secure basic liberties and fair equality of opportunity. Their lifetime primary-goods indices from least to most advantaged are , , and . What does the difference principle imply?

53 Why does Rawls's original position not simply instruct parties to maximize expected utility using known probabilities?

54 A person with a severe disability receives the same index of Rawlsian primary goods as others but has far less ability to convert those goods into mobility and participation. Which objection is strongest?

55 Which act most closely fits Rawls's conception of civil disobedience in a nearly just society?

56 Which claim best distinguishes Rawls's Law of Peoples from a straightforward global extension of the domestic difference principle?

57 Citizens of affluent states unknowingly benefit from an international trade regime that foreseeably sustains severe poverty. Which response most closely reflects Thomas Pogge's institutional cosmopolitan argument?

58 A statist argues that egalitarian distributive duties are especially demanding among compatriots because they share coercive institutions. Which fact would most directly strengthen a cosmopolitan reply?

59 State produced large historical emissions, state is now equally wealthy but industrialized with low emissions, and state is poor yet highly climate-vulnerable. Which allocation principle best combines responsibility, capacity, and protection of urgent need?

60 An international lending body gives every member an equal opportunity to speak, but voting power tracks financial contributions and adjustment costs fall mainly on poor populations. What is the most complete justice-based diagnosis?